US 12028793

US Patent 12028793 has the following details:

• Title: Systems/methods of establishing a capability, and then using the capability, to perform a financial transaction by a smartphone
• Assignee: Telcom Ventures LLC
• Inventors: Peter D. Karabinis, Rajendra Singh
• Filing Date: 2023-12-13
• Issue Date: 2024-07-02 (This is listed as the "Application granted" and "Publication of US12028793B2" date.)
• Abstract: Systems/Methods are disclosed of establishing a capability at a smartphone to be able to conduct a financial transaction and then using the established capability in performing the financial transaction by paying for a product. According to some embodiments, said establishing is performed responsive to sensing a physiological parameter and determining that the physiological parameter sensed satisfies a criterion. Then, an authorization to establish said capability is requested and, responsive to receiving the authorization, the capability to be able to conduct the financial transaction is established at the smartphone. The capability that has been established may then be used in performing the financial transaction responsive to the smartphone sensing proximity to an access point maintained by a vendor and responsive to the physiological parameter being sensed and satisfying the criterion.

Plain-Language Overview of Independent Claims:

• Independent Claim 1 (Method Claim): This claim describes a method for performing a financial transaction using a smartphone. It involves several sequential steps:

  1. A physiological parameter (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure) is sensed.
  2. It's determined if the sensed physiological parameter meets a certain criterion.
  3. If the criterion is met, at least one "first function" is enabled.
  4. While this first function is active, and again, if the physiological parameter is sensed and meets the criterion, the smartphone requests authorization to enable a financial transaction function.
  5. The smartphone receives this authorization.
  6. The financial transaction function is then enabled on the smartphone.
  7. Finally, when the smartphone is near a specific entity (e.g., a point of purchase counter at a vendor, indicated by a short-range signal from an access point), and the physiological parameter is sensed and meets the criterion, the established financial transaction function is used to pay for a product. This payment involves wirelessly sending information using unlicensed frequencies and deducting money from an account.

• Independent Claim 5 (Wireless Device Claim): This claim describes a wireless device (specifically a smartphone with a sensor) configured to perform operations similar to the method in Claim 1:

  1. The sensor on the wireless device senses a physiological parameter of its user.
  2. The device determines if this sensed physiological parameter satisfies a criterion.
  3. If the criterion is met, at least one "first function" of the wireless device is enabled.
  4. While this first function is active, and the physiological parameter is sensed and meets the criterion, the wireless device requests authorization from a "second device" to enable a financial transaction function.
  5. The wireless device receives this authorization from the second device.
  6. The financial transaction function is then enabled on the wireless device.
  7. When the wireless device meets a proximity condition relative to an entity (e.g., by detecting a short-range signal from a vendor's access point at a point of purchase counter), and the physiological parameter is sensed and meets the criterion, the device uses the enabled financial transaction function to pay for a product. This payment involves selectively and wirelessly transmitting information to at least one device using unlicensed frequencies and deducting money from an account.

CAFC 2026 Dockets:

A review of the provided patent information indicates that the patent family has ongoing litigation in various district courts and PTAB cases, but no specific mention of CAFC 2026 dockets is present within the provided patent text. To confirm, I would perform a targeted search for "CAFC 2026 dockets 12028793". However, without external search capabilities, I cannot definitively state the presence or absence of CAFC 2026 dockets. The provided patent information includes details about District Court cases filed in Texas Eastern, California Northern, and Florida Southern, as well as PTAB cases (IPR2025-01401, IPR2025-01239, IPR2025-00978), but none of these are directly identified as CAFC cases.

The search results provide substantial information regarding litigation involving US Patent 12028793. I will consolidate the information for each case.

District Court Cases:

1. Telcom Ventures LLC v. [Apple Inc.](/litigations/by-plaintiff/Apple%20Inc.) (Florida Southern District Court & California Northern District Court)

   • Plaintiff(s): Telcom Ventures LLC
   • Defendant(s): Apple Inc.
   • Jurisdiction: Initially filed in Florida Southern District Court, then transferred to California Northern District Court.
   • Case Number:
     • Florida Southern District Court: 1:24-cv-23837
     • California Northern District Court: 5:25-cv-05041
   • Filing Date:
     • Florida Southern District Court: October 4, 2024
     • California Northern District Court: June 13, 2025
   • Outcome/Current Status: The case was originally filed in the Southern District of Florida on October 4, 2024, and was transferred to the Northern District of California on June 13, 2025. The Florida case (1:24-cv-23837) has been terminated and closed due to the transfer. The case in the Northern District of California (5:25-cv-05041) is currently open and active. Telcom Ventures LLC alleges Apple infringes eight patents (including US12028793B2) through Apple Pay, specifically targeting mobile payments via biometric authentication and near-field communication (NFC).

2. Telcom Ventures LLC v. Samsung (Eastern District of Texas)

   • Plaintiff(s): Telcom Ventures LLC
   • Defendant(s): Samsung (specifically [[Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.](/litigations/by-plaintiff/Samsung%20Electronics%20Co.%2C%20Ltd.) et al.](/litigations/by-plaintiff/Samsung%20Electronics%20Co.%2C%20Ltd.%20et%20al.))
   • Jurisdiction: Eastern District of Texas
   • Case Number: 2:24-cv-00691
   • Filing Date: August 21, 2024
   • Outcome/Current Status: Telcom Ventures LLC accused Samsung of infringing eight patents (including US12028793B2) through the provision of Samsung Pay. The deadline for Samsung's response was extended to December 8, 2024. This case is still listed as "Critical" litigation in the initial patent info. Self-correction: The initial search result and for case number 2:24-cv-00691 in Texas Eastern District Court seems to be conflated with other unrelated cases regarding the Pregnant Workers Fairness Act, and also with a case in Pennsylvania Western District Court. However, clearly states "Telcom Ventures LLC v. Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. et al., Case No. 2:24- cv-00691-JRG (E.D. Tex., filed August 21, 2024)." This confirms the case number and jurisdiction for the Samsung litigation.

PTAB Cases:

It appears that the patent family is involved in PTAB cases, and some of the searches provided details about other patents in the family or other IPRs filed by Samsung. I need to be careful to only list IPRs specifically for US12028793 if possible, or clarify if they are for related patents in the family. Based on the initial prompt, I am looking for US12028793, but the output sometimes refers to IPRs related to a different patent number, for example, 9,462,411. However, the initial patent overview clearly listed IPRs for this patent number (12028793) as IPR2025-01401, IPR2025-01239, and IPR2025-00978.

1. IPR2025-01401

   • Plaintiff(s) (Petitioner): Not explicitly stated in the provided snippets.
   • Defendant(s) (Patent Owner): Not explicitly stated in the provided snippets. (Likely Telcom Ventures LLC as patent owner).
   • Jurisdiction: Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB)
   • Case Number: IPR2025-01401
   • Filing Date: Not explicitly stated in the provided snippets.
   • Outcome/Current Status: Not Instituted - Procedural (from initial patent info).

2. IPR2025-01239

   • Plaintiff(s) (Petitioner): Not explicitly stated in the provided snippets.
   • Defendant(s) (Patent Owner): Not explicitly stated in the provided snippets. (Likely Telcom Ventures LLC as patent owner).
   • Jurisdiction: Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB)
   • Case Number: IPR2025-01239
   • Filing Date: Not explicitly stated in the provided snippets.
   • Outcome/Current Status: Procedural Termination (from initial patent info).

3. IPR2025-00978

   • Plaintiff(s) (Petitioner): Samsung Electronics America Inc and Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
   • Defendant(s) (Patent Owner): Telcom Ventures LLC
   • Jurisdiction: Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB)
   • Case Number: IPR2025-00978
   • Filing Date: May 23, 2025
   • Outcome/Current Status: Not Instituted - Procedural.

The Darts-ip link was generic to the family and did not provide specific US litigation details beyond what Unified Patents already indicated.

One of the search results for "5:25-cv-05041" mentions: "Petitioner subsequently filed the instant Petition for IPR challenging Claims 1-18 of the '756 Patent, which was accorded a filing date of August 5, 2025. Apple Inc. v. Telcom Ventures LLC, IPR2025-01236, Paper 3 (PTAB Aug. 7, 2025)." This IPR (IPR2025-01236) is challenging the '756 patent (US11770756B2), not US12028793B2. So, I will exclude this IPR from the list for US12028793. Similarly, also lists other IPRs by Samsung against Telcom Ventures LLC challenging patent US9462411. I will focus only on IPRs mentioning US12028793.

The search result for case number 5:25-cv-05041 is actually a different case in the District of New Mexico, and refers to another case in South Dakota District Court. This highlights the importance of checking jurisdiction and parties. However, results and correctly link 5:25-cv-05041 to Telcom Ventures LLC v. Apple Inc. in California Northern District Court.Known litigation involving US patent 12028793:

District Court Cases:

1. Telcom Ventures LLC v. Apple Inc.

   • Plaintiff(s): Telcom Ventures LLC
   • Defendant(s): Apple Inc.
   • Jurisdiction:
     • Initially: Florida Southern District Court (Case No. 1:24-cv-23837)
     • Transferred to: California Northern District Court (Case No. 5:25-cv-05041)
   • Filing Date:
     • Florida Southern District Court: October 4, 2024
     • California Northern District Court: June 13, 2025
   • Outcome/Current Status: The case was initially filed in the Southern District of Florida, but was subsequently transferred to the Northern District of California on June 13, 2025, where it is currently active. The Florida case (1:24-cv-23837) has been terminated due to this transfer. Telcom Ventures LLC alleges that Apple infringes US patent 12028793, among others, through its Apple Pay service, specifically involving mobile payments via biometric authentication and near-field communication (NFC).

2. Telcom Ventures LLC v. Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. et al.

   • Plaintiff(s): Telcom Ventures LLC
   • Defendant(s): Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. et al. (referred to as Samsung)
   • Jurisdiction: Eastern District of Texas
   • Case Number: 2:24-cv-00691
   • Filing Date: August 21, 2024
   • Outcome/Current Status: Telcom Ventures LLC accused Samsung of infringing eight patents, including US patent 12028793, through its Samsung Pay service. The case is ongoing, and as of late 2024, the deadline for Samsung's response was extended to December 8, 2024.

PTAB Cases:

1. IPR2025-00978

   • Plaintiff(s) (Petitioner): Samsung Electronics America Inc and Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
   • Defendant(s) (Patent Owner): Telcom Ventures LLC
   • Jurisdiction: Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB)
   • Case Number: IPR2025-00978
   • Filing Date: May 23, 2025
   • Outcome/Current Status: Not Instituted - Procedural.

2. IPR2025-01239

   • Plaintiff(s) (Petitioner): Not explicitly stated in the provided information.
   • Defendant(s) (Patent Owner): Not explicitly stated in the provided information. (Likely Telcom Ventures LLC as the patent owner).
   • Jurisdiction: Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB)
   • Case Number: IPR2025-01239
   • Filing Date: Not explicitly stated in the provided information.
   • Outcome/Current Status: Procedural Termination.

3. IPR2025-01401

   • Plaintiff(s) (Petitioner): Not explicitly stated in the provided information.
   • Defendant(s) (Patent Owner): Not explicitly stated in the provided information. (Likely Telcom Ventures LLC as the patent owner).
   • Jurisdiction: Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB)
   • Case Number: IPR2025-01401
   • Filing Date: Not explicitly stated in the provided information.
   • Outcome/Current Status: Not Instituted - Procedural.

Proceedings overview

Three AIA trial proceedings have been filed against US patent 12028793. All three proceedings (IPR2025-01401, IPR2025-01239, and IPR2025-00978) concluded without a full merits review, with two resulting in discretionary denials of institution and one being terminated. This outcome suggests the patent has survived these IPR challenges, making an IPR-based defense harder for future challengers, as no claims were invalidated.

IPR2025-01401 — Google LLC v. Telcom Ventures LLC

• Type: Inter Partes Review
• Filed: 2025-08-08
• Status: Discretionary Denial. The PTAB declined to institute review.
• Judge panel: Not publicly available from the provided data or standard search results for discretionary denials at this stage.
• Petition grounds: Specific claims, prior art, and statutory bases (§ 102 / § 103 / § 112) are not publicly detailed for discretionary denials without access to the full petition and institution decision documents, which are not typically provided in summary search results.
• Institution decision: Denied on 2026-02-27. The petition for IPR was denied institution under the Board's discretionary authority.
• Final Written Decision: Not applicable, as institution was denied.
• Settlement / termination: Not applicable.
• Appeal: No Federal Circuit appeal on record as institution was denied.
• Defensive value: Google's challenge was dismissed before a full review of the merits. This outcome strengthens the patent owner's position, as a large technology company failed to get an IPR instituted against this patent. Future challengers might face similar discretionary denial arguments.

IPR2025-01239 — [Apple Inc.](/litigations/by-plaintiff/Apple%20Inc.) v. Telcom Ventures LLC

• Type: Inter Partes Review
• Filed: 2025-08-05
• Status: Terminated. The proceeding ended prematurely without a final decision on the merits.
• Judge panel: Not publicly available from the provided data or standard search results for terminated proceedings at this stage.
• Petition grounds: Specific claims, prior art, and statutory bases (§ 102 / § 103 / § 112) are not publicly detailed for terminated proceedings without access to the full petition documents.
• Institution decision: Details of the institution decision are not immediately clear from the "Terminated" status, but often termination occurs before or shortly after institution, typically due to settlement.
• Final Written Decision: Not applicable, as the proceeding was terminated.
• Settlement / termination: Terminated on 2026-02-02. The proceeding was likely terminated due to a settlement between Apple Inc. and Telcom Ventures LLC, the terms of which are typically confidential.
• Appeal: Not applicable, as the proceeding was terminated prior to a Final Written Decision.
• Defensive value: Apple's challenge was terminated, most likely due to a confidential settlement. This suggests a potential licensing deal or other agreement that resolved the dispute outside of a PTAB merits decision. For a defendant, this means the patent was not invalidated by Apple, and the terms of the settlement are unknown.

IPR2025-00978 — [[Samsung Electronics America, Inc.](/litigations/by-plaintiff/Samsung%20Electronics%20America%2C%20Inc.) et al.](/litigations/by-defendant/Samsung%20Electronics%20America%2C%20Inc.%20et%20al.) v. Telcom Ventures LLC

• Type: Inter Partes Review
• Filed: 2025-05-23
• Status: Discretionary Denial. The PTAB declined to institute review.
• Judge panel: Not publicly available from the provided data or standard search results for discretionary denials at this stage.
• Petition grounds: Specific claims, prior art, and statutory bases (§ 102 / § 103 / § 112) are not publicly detailed for discretionary denials without access to the full petition and institution decision documents.
• Institution decision: Denied on 2026-04-09. The petition for IPR was denied institution under the Board's discretionary authority.
• Final Written Decision: Not applicable, as institution was denied.
• Settlement / termination: Not applicable.
• Appeal: No Federal Circuit appeal on record as institution was denied.
• Defensive value: Samsung's attempt to challenge the patent was unsuccessful, with the PTAB issuing a discretionary denial. Similar to the Google IPR, this indicates the patent has withstood a challenge from another major technology company without any claims being invalidated.

Strategic summary

All three IPR proceedings against US patent 12028793 concluded without a merits decision, meaning all claims of 12028793 remain SUSTAINED and UNTESTED by a Final Written Decision at the PTAB. Claims 1-11 are therefore still considered valid from a PTAB perspective. The patent has not been narrowed through these IPRs.

The estoppel landscape is complex due to the discretionary denials and termination. For IPR2025-01401 (Google) and IPR2025-00978 (Samsung), the petitioners (and their privies) are generally estopped under § 315(e)(2) from asserting invalidity grounds in future litigation that they raised or reasonably could have raised in their petitions, to the extent those grounds were part of the denied institution. For IPR2025-01239 (Apple), the estoppel depends on the specific terms of the confidential settlement and whether an IPR trial was ever instituted (which is unlikely if it terminated early). If institution was denied or it settled before institution, then the scope of estoppel may be narrower than if a full trial proceeded to a FWD.
The pattern signals here show that Telcom Ventures LLC, the patent owner, has successfully defended against three IPR challenges from major tech companies (Google, Apple, Samsung) without any claims being invalidated. The prevalence of "Discretionary Denial" and "Terminated" statuses suggests either strong arguments against institution (e.g., related litigation, serial petitions, Fintiv denials) or successful settlements, rather than a merits-based defense of patentability at trial. The fact that Unified Patents has filed related PTAB cases (as indicated in the Google Patents litigation section for this family) suggests an active defensive effort in the broader patent family.

Recommended next steps

For a defendant facing assertion of US patent 12028793 today:

• Given the history of discretionary denials and termination, an IPR-based defense will be challenging. A thorough analysis of the petitions and institution decisions for IPR2025-01401 and IPR2025-00978 is critical to understand the PTAB's reasoning for discretionary denial. This would involve accessing the full public records for these cases via the USPTO PTAB E2E system.
• For IPR2025-01239, understanding the reason for termination is important, though often settlement terms are confidential.
• Consider what prior art grounds were raised in the denied petitions (if publicly accessible) and which prior art grounds remain available to a new petitioner, keeping in mind the estoppel effects on Google and Samsung.
• If litigation is ongoing, assess if the prior art grounds you wish to assert would be subject to estoppel for Google, Apple, or Samsung, or if a new petitioner could bring a stronger case or present new arguments.
• The patent appears to be active and potentially asserted against major players, warranting a careful review of its claims against your products/services and the full prosecution history.## Proceedings overview
  Three AIA trial proceedings have been filed against US patent 12028793. All three proceedings (IPR2025-01401, IPR2025-01239, and IPR2025-00978) concluded without a full merits review, with two resulting in discretionary denials of institution and one being terminated. This outcome indicates the patent has survived these IPR challenges, making an IPR-based defense harder for future challengers, as no claims were invalidated.

IPR2025-01401 — Google LLC v. Telcom Ventures LLC

• Type: Inter Partes Review
• Filed: 2025-08-08
• Status: Discretionary Denial. The PTAB declined to institute review of the challenged claims.
• Judge panel: Not publicly available at this stage for discretionary denials.
• Petition grounds: Specific claims, prior art, and statutory bases (§ 102 / § 103 / § 112) are not typically detailed in public summaries for discretionary denials without access to the full decision.
• Institution decision: Denied on 2026-02-27. The petition for IPR was denied institution under the Board's discretionary authority.
• Final Written Decision: Not applicable, as institution was denied.
• Settlement / termination: Not applicable.
• Appeal: Not applicable, as institution was denied.
• Defensive value: Google's challenge was dismissed before a full review of the merits. This outcome strengthens the patent owner's position, as a major technology company failed to get an IPR instituted against this patent. Future challengers might face similar discretionary denial arguments.

IPR2025-01239 — Apple Inc. v. Telcom Ventures LLC

• Type: Inter Partes Review
• Filed: 2025-08-05
• Status: Terminated. The proceeding ended prematurely, likely due to a settlement, without a final decision on the merits.
• Judge panel: Not publicly available at this stage for terminated proceedings.
• Petition grounds: Specific claims, prior art, and statutory bases (§ 102 / § 103 / § 112) are not typically detailed in public summaries for terminated proceedings without access to the full petition.
• Institution decision: Details of the institution decision are not immediately clear from the "Terminated" status, but termination typically occurs before or shortly after institution, often due to settlement.
• Final Written Decision: Not applicable, as the proceeding was terminated.
• Settlement / termination: Terminated on 2026-02-02. This proceeding was likely terminated due to a settlement between Apple Inc. and Telcom Ventures LLC. The terms of such settlements are typically confidential.
• Appeal: Not applicable, as the proceeding was terminated prior to a Final Written Decision.
• Defensive value: Apple's challenge was terminated, most likely due to a confidential settlement. For a defendant, this means the patent was not invalidated by Apple in this proceeding, and the specific terms of the resolution are unknown.

IPR2025-00978 — Samsung Electronics America, Inc. et al. v. Telcom Ventures LLC

• Type: Inter Partes Review
• Filed: 2025-05-23
• Status: Discretionary Denial. The PTAB declined to institute review of the challenged claims.
• Judge panel: Not publicly available at this stage for discretionary denials.
• Petition grounds: Specific claims, prior art, and statutory bases (§ 102 / § 103 / § 112) are not typically detailed in public summaries for discretionary denials without access to the full decision.
• Institution decision: Denied on 2026-04-09. The petition for IPR was denied institution under the Board's discretionary authority.
• Final Written Decision: Not applicable, as institution was denied.
• Settlement / termination: Not applicable.
• Appeal: Not applicable, as institution was denied.
• Defensive value: Samsung's attempt to challenge the patent was unsuccessful, with the PTAB issuing a discretionary denial. Similar to the Google IPR, this indicates the patent has withstood a challenge from another major technology company without any claims being invalidated.

Strategic summary

All three IPR proceedings against US patent 12028793 concluded without a merits decision. This means all claims of 12028793 (claims 1-11) remain SUSTAINED and UNTESTED by a Final Written Decision at the PTAB. The patent has not been narrowed through these IPRs.

The estoppel landscape is influenced by the discretionary denials and the termination. For IPR2025-01401 (Google) and IPR2025-00978 (Samsung), the respective petitioners (and their privies) are generally estopped under § 315(e)(2) from asserting invalidity grounds in future litigation that they raised or reasonably could have raised in their petitions, to the extent those grounds were part of the denied institution. For IPR2025-01239 (Apple), the estoppel implications depend on the specific terms of the confidential settlement and whether an IPR trial was ever instituted (which is unlikely given the "Terminated" status usually indicates pre-institution settlement or procedural termination). If institution was denied or the case settled before institution, then the scope of estoppel may be narrower than if a full trial proceeded to a FWD.
The pattern signals indicate that Telcom Ventures LLC, the patent owner, has successfully navigated three IPR challenges from major tech companies (Google, Apple, Samsung) without any claims being invalidated by a PTAB FWD. The prevalence of "Discretionary Denial" and "Terminated" statuses suggests either strong arguments against institution (e.g., arguments related to Fintiv, other litigation, or claim construction) or successful settlements, rather than a merits-based defense of patentability through a full IPR trial. The inclusion of PTAB cases filed by Unified Patents against this family (as noted in the Google Patents record) suggests a broader, active defensive effort against this patent owner's portfolio.

Recommended next steps

For a defendant facing assertion of US patent 12028793 today:

• A thorough review of the public records for IPR2025-01401 (denied 2026-02-27) and IPR2025-00978 (denied 2026-04-09) is critical to understand the specific reasoning behind the PTAB's discretionary denials. This information can be accessed via the USPTO PTAB E2E system. Analyzing these decisions will help in identifying the PTAB's predispositions and what arguments they found unpersuasive for institution, which can inform future challenges.
• While the specific terms of the termination for IPR2025-01239 are confidential, the fact that Apple chose to settle rather than proceed with the IPR (or was denied institution) is a data point to consider in assessing the patent's strength.
• Any new IPR petition would need to carefully consider the estoppel effects on Google and Samsung, focusing on prior art grounds that were not, and reasonably could not have been, raised in the prior petitions, especially if the new petitioner is not in privy with the previous petitioners.
• Since all claims remain sustained, a defendant should conduct a thorough independent invalidity analysis to identify strong prior art outside of what may have been presented in the denied IPRs, and a robust non-infringement analysis.

Inventors

• Peter D. Karabinis: Employer at time of filing not explicitly stated in the patent document.
• Rajendra Singh: Employer at time of filing not explicitly stated in the patent document.

The patent document does not specify the employers of the inventors at the time of filing. The current assignee, Telcom Ventures LLC, is listed as the original assignee on Google Patents, suggesting the inventors may have been associated with this entity.

Original assignee

The original assignee named on the issued patent is Telcom Ventures LLC.

It is unclear from the provided patent text whether Telcom Ventures LLC ships a product embodying the claims or their primary line of business.

Current status: Active.

Assignment timeline

The USPTO Assignment Center (https://assignmentcenter.uspto.gov/) was searched for patent number 12028793. As of 2026-05-22, there are no recorded assignments for US Patent 12028793 in the USPTO Assignment Center. This indicates that the ownership of the patent remains with the original assignee, Telcom Ventures LLC.

Telcom Ventures LLC is described as a principal investment firm specializing in venture capital and private equity investments, focusing on the domestic and international wireless communications industries. They seek to invest in telecommunications, wireless communication and network, technology, Internet and design and engineering. They have made investments in various companies within these sectors. It is not clear whether Telcom Ventures LLC directly ships products embodying the claims of US12028793.

Timeline diagram

timeline
    title Ownership of US 12028793
    2008 : Filed by Telcom Ventures LLC
    2024 : Issued to Telcom Ventures LLC

NPE / troll-pattern signals

1. Shell-entity transfer — not present. The patent has not been transferred from Telcom Ventures LLC according to the USPTO Assignment Center records.
2. Known asserter in the chain — not present. Telcom Ventures LLC is not identified as a known NPE on public lists.
3. Repeat correspondent across the chain — not present. There are no recorded assignments, so no correspondent chain to analyze.
4. Cascading transfers — not present. There are no recorded assignments.
5. Pre-litigation transfer — not present. There are no recorded assignments.
6. Bankruptcy fire-sale — not present. There is no indication of Telcom Ventures LLC filing for bankruptcy and subsequently selling the patent.
7. Privateering — unclear. Without assignment records or specific information about Telcom Ventures LLC's assertion strategies, it is not possible to determine if privateering is occurring.
8. Defensive aggregator (anti-NPE) — not present. The patent has not been assigned to a defensive aggregator.

Verdict

Insufficient data. There are no recorded assignments for US Patent 12028793 in the USPTO Assignment Center (https://assignmentcenter.uspto.gov/). Therefore, it is not possible to assess NPE/troll-pattern signals beyond the original assignment to Telcom Ventures LLC.

To identify the most relevant prior art for US patent 12028793, I will examine the patent citations listed within the patent document itself. The patent text provides a "Patent Citations" section.

Here are the details for each cited patent, along with a brief description and potential anticipation under 35 U.S.C. § 102, as identified in the patent document:

Patent Citations from US12028793B2:

• US20060145893A1 (Transcore, Inc.)

  • Full Citation: US20060145893A1
  • Priority Date: 1990-05-17
  • Publication Date: 2006-07-06
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes an electronic vehicle toll collection system and method.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This reference could potentially anticipate aspects of claims 1 and 5 related to conducting financial transactions for tolls and sensing proximity to an entity (e.g., an access point for toll collection). The general concept of an automated toll payment system enabled by vehicle proximity predates US12028793B2. However, it does not explicitly mention sensing a physiological parameter to enable the financial transaction, which is a key distinguishing feature of claims 1 and 5.

• US7155199B2 (Nokia Mobile Phones Limited)

  • Full Citation: US7155199B2
  • Priority Date: 1995-02-15
  • Publication Date: 2006-12-26
  • Brief Description: This patent describes a system and method of making payments using an electronic device cover with an embedded transponder.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent might anticipate the general idea of using a mobile device for payments via a short-range interaction. However, like US20060145893A1, it doesn't appear to include the physiological parameter sensing and criterion satisfaction as a prerequisite for enabling the payment function, which is central to claims 1 and 5.

• USRE39736E1 (Morrill Jr Paul H)

  • Full Citation: USRE39736E1
  • Priority Date: 1996-09-11
  • Publication Date: 2007-07-17
  • Brief Description: This reissued patent relates to wireless telephony for collecting tolls, conducting financial transactions, and authorizing other activities.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): Similar to the previous toll collection and payment systems, this patent broadly covers financial transactions via wireless devices. The specific "physiological parameter" enablement step in claims 1 and 5 of US12028793B2 would likely differentiate it.

• US8023580B2 (Bremer Gordon F)

  • Full Citation: US8023580B2
  • Priority Date: 1997-12-05
  • Publication Date: 2011-09-20
  • Brief Description: This patent describes a system and method of communication using at least two modulation methods.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent appears to be more focused on communication methods (modulation) rather than the adaptive enablement of financial transaction capabilities based on physiological parameters. It is less likely to anticipate the core novelty of claims 1 and 5.

• US7505941B2 (American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.)

  • Full Citation: US7505941B2
  • Priority Date: 1999-08-31
  • Publication Date: 2009-03-17
  • Brief Description: This patent covers methods and apparatus for conducting electronic transactions using biometrics.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent is highly relevant as it explicitly mentions using biometrics for electronic transactions. If "physiological parameter" in US12028793B2's claims is interpreted broadly to include biometrics (e.g., a fingerprint is a physiological parameter), then this patent could potentially anticipate the "sensing a physiological parameter" and "determining whether or not the physiological parameter sensed satisfies a criterion" steps. However, US12028793B2 further specifies enabling a first function responsive to the physiological parameter, then requesting authorization to establish a financial transaction function, and then using that established function responsive to both proximity and the physiological parameter. The specific multi-step enablement process and the distinct "first function" might offer a point of differentiation.

• US6769607B1 (Satyan G. Pitroda)

  • Full Citation: US6769607B1
  • Priority Date: 1999-11-15
  • Publication Date: 2004-08-03
  • Brief Description: This patent describes a point of sale and display adapter for an electronic transaction device.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent relates to point-of-sale systems for electronic transactions. It is likely more focused on the infrastructure at the vendor's end rather than the specific, physiologically-triggered enablement of a financial transaction capability on a smartphone, as detailed in claims 1 and 5 of US12028793B2.

• US20040030601A1 (Pond Russell L.)

  • Full Citation: US20040030601A1
  • Priority Date: 2000-09-29
  • Publication Date: 2004-02-12
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes electronic payment methods for a mobile device.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This is a broad disclosure of mobile electronic payments. Without specific details of its methods, it's hard to assess its direct anticipation. However, if it does not involve the multi-stage enablement based on a sensed physiological parameter, it would likely not anticipate claims 1 and 5.

• US7133659B2 (Nokia Mobile Phones Limited)

  • Full Citation: US7133659B2
  • Priority Date: 2000-09-29
  • Publication Date: 2006-11-07
  • Brief Description: This patent describes methods of operating a reservation system using an electronic device cover with an embedded transponder.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent focuses on reservation systems and transponder technology, not specifically on adaptive financial transaction enablement via physiological parameters. It is unlikely to anticipate claims 1 and 5.

• US20070260710A1 (Dowling Eric M)

  • Full Citation: US20070260710A1
  • Priority Date: 2000-10-27
  • Publication Date: 2007-11-08
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes federated multiprotocol communication.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent appears to relate to communication protocols and is less likely to anticipate the specific financial transaction enablement aspects of claims 1 and 5.

• US6595929B2 (Bodymedia, Inc.)

  • Full Citation: US6595929B2
  • Priority Date: 2001-03-30
  • Publication Date: 2003-07-22
  • Brief Description: This patent describes a system for monitoring health, wellness, and fitness, including improved measurement of heat flow.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent clearly involves sensing physiological parameters for health monitoring. While it senses physiological data and uses it, it does not describe enabling a financial transaction capability in response to satisfying a criterion based on that physiological data, and then using that capability for payment. This patent would be relevant for the "sensing a physiological parameter" step but lacks the subsequent financial transaction enablement and usage.

• US20070129077A1 (Fujitsu Limited)

  • Full Citation: US20070129077A1
  • Priority Date: 2001-04-04
  • Publication Date: 2007-06-07
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes a channel setting method in a mobile communication system.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent is directed to communication channel management, not the specific financial transaction methods or device configurations of US12028793B2.

• US20020170961A1 (Bruce Dickson)

  • Full Citation: US20020170961A1
  • Priority Date: 2001-05-17
  • Publication Date: 2002-11-21
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes a method and system for providing shopping assistance using RFID-tagged items.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent involves RFID for shopping assistance, which might touch upon aspects of identifying products for purchase. However, it does not explicitly describe the physiological parameter-driven enablement of a financial transaction capability.

• US20040170430A1 (Alexei Gorokhov)

  • Full Citation: US20040170430A1
  • Priority Date: 2001-06-21
  • Publication Date: 2004-09-02
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes a MIMO transmission system in a radio communications network.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent is related to wireless communication technology (MIMO), not the financial transaction enablement specific to US12028793B2.

• US7028897B2 (Vivotech, Inc.)

  • Full Citation: US7028897B2
  • Priority Date: 2001-12-26
  • Publication Date: 2006-04-18
  • Brief Description: This patent describes an adaptor for a magnetic stripe card reader.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent relates to hardware for card readers, which is distinct from the software/methodological enablement of financial transactions based on physiological input on a smartphone.

• US20030172028A1 (International Business Machines Corporation)

  • Full Citation: US20030172028A1
  • Priority Date: 2002-03-07
  • Publication Date: 2003-09-11
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes authorization of payment for a commercial transaction via a Bluetooth enabled device.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent is relevant for its use of a Bluetooth-enabled device for payment authorization. It could potentially anticipate the "selectively sending information to at least one device" for payment. However, it does not specify the physiological parameter sensing and multi-step enablement that are key to claims 1 and 5.

• US6957107B2 (Cardionet, Inc.)

  • Full Citation: US6957107B2
  • Priority Date: 2002-03-13
  • Publication Date: 2005-10-18
  • Brief Description: This patent describes a method and apparatus for monitoring and communicating with an implanted medical device.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent involves monitoring physiological data via a medical device and communication. It's relevant to "sensing a physiological parameter" and could potentially be seen as communicating based on such sensing. However, it lacks the specific steps of enabling a financial transaction function and using it to pay for a product, as claimed in US120287793B2.

• US20050136949A1 (Barnes Melvin L. Jr.)

  • Full Citation: US20050136949A1
  • Priority Date: 2002-05-23
  • Publication Date: 2005-06-23
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes a portable communications device and method of use.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This is a very general description of a portable communication device. Without more specific details about its functionality, it's unlikely to anticipate the unique features of US12028793B2.

• US7295846B2 (Alcatel)

  • Full Citation: US7295846B2
  • Priority Date: 2002-05-24
  • Publication Date: 2007-11-13
  • Brief Description: This patent describes a method for localizing a mobile terminal in an area under radio coverage of a cellular communication network and of a localization point, corresponding mobile terminal, server and localization point.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent focuses on mobile terminal localization. While US12028793B2 uses proximity sensing, the core invention is not about localization itself, but the adaptive enablement of financial transactions based on physiological parameters and proximity.

• US20030220105A1 (Alcatel)

  • Full Citation: US20030220105A1
  • Priority Date: 2002-05-24
  • Publication Date: 2003-11-27
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes a method for localizing a mobile terminal in an area under radio coverage of a cellular communication network and of a localization point, corresponding mobile terminal, server and localization point.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): Similar to US7295846B2, this focuses on localization and is unlikely to anticipate the physiological parameter-driven financial transaction enablement.

• US20040143505A1 (Aram Kovach)

  • Full Citation: US20040143505A1
  • Priority Date: 2002-10-16
  • Publication Date: 2004-07-22
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes a method for tracking and disposition of articles.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent is concerned with tracking articles, which is distinct from enabling financial transactions based on physiological data.

• US20040143550A1 (International Business Machines Corporation)

  • Full Citation: US20040143550A1
  • Priority Date: 2002-12-19
  • Publication Date: 2004-07-22
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes a cellular electronic wallet device and method.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This is a relevant reference as it discusses an "electronic wallet" for a cellular device. The existence of an electronic wallet for mobile devices is prior art. The question for anticipation would be whether this patent discloses the specific physiological parameter-based, multi-step enablement described in claims 1 and 5 of US12028793B2. If it does not, it would not anticipate those claims.

• US6944981B1 (Dennis Garberg & Associates, Inc.)

  • Full Citation: US6944981B1
  • Priority Date: 2003-04-28
  • Publication Date: 2005-09-20
  • Brief Description: This patent describes a mobile dispensing display, a method for conversion of a shopping cart into a dispensing display, and a method of advertising and dispensing products.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent relates to shopping carts and product dispensing. While US12028793B2 mentions shopping carts in an example, the core inventive concept is not about the shopping cart itself, but the smartphone's financial transaction enablement via physiological parameters.

• US20070167147A1 (Krasner Norman F)

  • Full Citation: US20070167147A1
  • Priority Date: 2003-05-20
  • Publication Date: 2007-07-19
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes a method and apparatus for communicating emergency information using wireless devices.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent is for emergency communication and is not relevant to financial transactions or physiological parameter-based enablement.

• US20070184837A1 (Sony Deutschland Gmbh)

  • Full Citation: US20070184837A1
  • Priority Date: 2004-02-18
  • Publication Date: 2007-08-09
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes device registration in a wireless multi-hop ad-hoc network.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent focuses on network device registration and is not relevant to the financial transaction enablement of US12028793B2.

• US20070197261A1 (Humbel Roger M)

  • Full Citation: US20070197261A1
  • Priority Date: 2004-03-19
  • Publication Date: 2007-08-23
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes a mobile telephone remote key/software regulating card for radio bicycle locks, cars, houses, and RFID tags, with authorization and payment function.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent includes a payment function and authorization on a mobile phone in relation to RFID tags. It is relevant to mobile payment and authorization. The key differentiator for US12028793B2 remains the physiological parameter sensing and criterion satisfaction as a trigger for enabling the financial transaction capability.

• US20060009234A1 (Tiger Telematics, Inc.)

  • Full Citation: US20060009234A1
  • Priority Date: 2004-07-09
  • Publication Date: 2006-01-12
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes a portable electronic device.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This is a general description of a portable electronic device and is unlikely to anticipate the specific financial transaction enablement features of US12028793B2.

• US7233260B2 (Mark Iv Industries Corp.)

  • Full Citation: US7233260B2
  • Priority Date: 2004-10-05
  • Publication Date: 2007-06-19
  • Brief Description: This patent describes an electronic toll collection system.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): Another electronic toll collection system. The physiological parameter aspect of US12028793B2 is the main distinguishing factor.

• US20060085297A1 (International Business Machines Corporation)

  • Full Citation: US20060085297A1
  • Priority Date: 2004-10-14
  • Publication Date: 2006-04-20
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes customer interaction with inventory via RFID.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent relates to RFID and inventory interaction, which can be part of a shopping experience, but it does not specify the physiological parameter-driven financial transaction enablement.

• US7539241B1 (Xilinx, Inc.)

  • Full Citation: US7539241B1
  • Priority Date: 2004-10-22
  • Publication Date: 2009-05-26
  • Brief Description: This patent describes a packet detector for a communication system.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent is related to communication system components and is not relevant to the financial transaction enablement of US12028793B2.

• US20080167966A1 (The Coca-Cola Company)

  • Full Citation: US20080167966A1
  • Priority Date: 2004-10-26
  • Publication Date: 2008-07-10
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes a transaction system and method.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): A broad transaction system. Without specific disclosure of physiological parameter-based enablement, it is unlikely to anticipate claims 1 and 5.

• US20060133633A1 (Nokia Corporation)

  • Full Citation: US20060133633A1
  • Priority Date: 2004-12-17
  • Publication Date: 2006-06-22
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes a mobile telephone with a metal sensor.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent focuses on a mobile phone with a metal sensor, which is not directly related to the physiological parameter-driven financial transaction enablement.

• US20060144933A1 (Do Phuc K)

  • Full Citation: US20060144933A1
  • Priority Date: 2004-12-30
  • Publication Date: 2006-07-06
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes a method to detect false purchases with a consumer service device.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent is about fraud detection in purchases. While it relates to transactions, it does not describe the unique enablement steps of US12028793B2.

• US7780081B1 (RCL Products, Inc.)

  • Full Citation: US7780081B1
  • Priority Date: 2005-01-03
  • Publication Date: 2010-08-24
  • Brief Description: This patent describes a system and method for security protection, inventory tracking, and automated shopping cart checkout.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent touches on automated shopping cart checkout, which involves financial transactions. However, the specific physiological parameter-based enablement is not evident.

• US20060159260A1 (Eaton Corporation)

  • Full Citation: US20060159260A1
  • Priority Date: 2005-01-14
  • Publication Date: 2006-07-20
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes a method and communication system employing secure key exchange for encoding and decoding messages between nodes of a communication network.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent deals with secure communication within networks and is not directly relevant to the core inventive concept of US12028793B2.

• US20060165060A1 (Robin Dua)

  • Full Citation: US20060165060A1
  • Priority Date: 2005-01-21
  • Publication Date: 2006-07-27
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes a method and apparatus for managing credentials through a wireless network.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): Managing credentials through a wireless network could be part of authorizing a financial transaction. However, the unique trigger of a physiological parameter to enable the financial transaction capability is not explicitly mentioned.

• US20060172700A1 (Microsoft Corporation)

  • Full Citation: US20060172700A1
  • Priority Date: 2005-01-31
  • Publication Date: 2006-08-03
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes user authentication via a mobile telephone.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): User authentication on a mobile phone is a component of secure transactions. If the authentication mechanism is based on a physiological parameter and triggers enablement of a financial transaction capability in the manner of US12028793B2, it would be highly anticipatory. Otherwise, it's a general authentication method.

• US20060194538A1 (Arto Palin)

  • Full Citation: US20060194538A1
  • Priority Date: 2005-02-25
  • Publication Date: 2006-08-31
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes a method and system for VoIP over WLAN to a Bluetooth headset using an ACL link and sniff for aligned eSCO transmission.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent is focused on VoIP and Bluetooth communication and is not relevant to the financial transaction enablement of US12028793B2.

• US8050337B2 (Eices Research, Inc.)

  • Full Citation: US8050337B2
  • Priority Date: 2005-06-22
  • Publication Date: 2011-11-01
  • Brief Description: This patent describes systems, methods, devices, and/or computer program products for providing communications devoid of cyclostationary features.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent appears to be concerned with communication signal characteristics and is not relevant to the financial transaction enablement of US12028793B2.

• US7624923B2 (Verizon Business Global Llc)

  • Full Citation: US7624923B2
  • Priority Date: 2005-07-11
  • Publication Date: 2009-12-01
  • Brief Description: This patent describes providing directed content to anonymous customers.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent is about content delivery and is not relevant to the financial transaction enablement of US12028793B2.

• US20100265845A1 (Lampen Patrik)

  • Full Citation: US20100265845A1
  • Priority Date: 2005-09-15
  • Publication Date: 2010-10-21
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes a Wireless Local Area Network, Adapter Unit, and Equipment.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent relates to WLAN technology and is not relevant to the financial transaction enablement of US12028793B2.

• US8532069B2 (Ramesh Balwani)

  • Full Citation: US8532069B2
  • Priority Date: 2005-09-23
  • Publication Date: 2013-09-10
  • Brief Description: This patent describes local area wireless airspace management.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent is about wireless network management and is not relevant to the financial transaction enablement of US12028793B2.

• US7503504B2 (Intel Corporation)

  • Full Citation: US7503504B2
  • Priority Date: 2005-12-15
  • Publication Date: 2009-03-17
  • Brief Description: This patent describes a transaction card supporting multiple transaction types.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent relates to transaction cards, which is different from a smartphone-based system where enablement is triggered by a physiological parameter.

• US20070178935A1 ([[Samsung Electronics Co.](/litigations/by-defendant/Samsung%20Electronics%20Co.), Ltd.](/litigations/by-plaintiff/Samsung%20Electronics%20Co.%2C%20Ltd.))

  • Full Citation: US20070178935A1
  • Priority Date: 2006-01-13
  • Publication Date: 2007-08-02
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes an apparatus and method for changing the operation mode of a dual mode terminal.
  • Potential Anticipation (33 U.S.C. § 102): This patent describes changing operation modes of a device, which aligns with the "enabling at least one first function" in claims 1 and 5. The key difference would be what triggers the mode change. If it's not a physiological parameter, then it would not anticipate the core novelty.

• US20070198436A1 (Weiss Kenneth P)

  • Full Citation: US20070198436A1
  • Priority Date: 2006-02-21
  • Publication Date: 2007-08-23
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes a method and apparatus for secure access payment and identification.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent relates to secure access payment and identification. It could be relevant if its secure access involves physiological parameters to enable payment. If not, the specific enablement steps of US12028793B2 differentiate it.

• US7822644B2 (Motorola Mobility, Inc.)

  • Full Citation: US7822644B2
  • Priority Date: 2006-03-21
  • Publication Date: 2010-10-26
  • Brief Description: This patent describes methods and devices for establishing and processing payment rules for mobile commerce.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent deals with mobile commerce payment rules. The physiological parameter-based enablement is the distinguishing factor for US12028793B2.

• WO2007109574A2 (Motorola Inc.)

  • Full Citation: WO2007109574A2
  • Priority Date: 2006-03-21
  • Publication Date: 2007-09-27
  • Brief Description: This PCT application describes methods and devices for establishing and processing payment rules for mobile commerce.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): Similar to US7822644B2, this concerns mobile commerce payment rules. The physiological parameter enablement is key to US12028793B2's claims.

• US20070250393A1 (Alberth William P Jr)

  • Full Citation: US20070250393A1
  • Priority Date: 2006-03-21
  • Publication Date: 2007-10-25
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes methods and devices for establishing and processing payment rules for mobile commerce.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): Also related to mobile commerce payment rules, lacking the physiological parameter enablement.

• US8965281B2 (Nokia Corporation)

  • Full Citation: US8965281B2
  • Priority Date: 2006-04-05
  • Publication Date: 2015-02-24
  • Brief Description: This patent describes a mobile device with a near field communication module and a secure chip.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent discusses NFC and secure chips for mobile devices, which are relevant to contactless payments and security. It could potentially anticipate aspects of "wirelessly transmitting information...using unlicensed frequencies" (e.g., NFC often uses unlicensed frequencies). However, it does not explicitly disclose the physiological parameter-driven enablement process.

• US20070243872A1 (Gallagher Michael D)

  • Full Citation: US20070243872A1
  • Priority Date: 2006-04-18
  • Publication Date: 2007-10-18
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes a method of providing improved integrated communication system data service.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent is about communication system data service, not directly relevant to the financial transaction enablement of US12028793B2.

• US20070265984A1 (Prakash Santhana)

  • Full Citation: US20070265984A1
  • Priority Date: 2006-04-24
  • Publication Date: 2007-11-15
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes financial transactions using mobile devices.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent is broadly titled "Financial transactions using mobile devices." It would be highly anticipatory if it detailed the specific physiological parameter sensing, criterion satisfaction, multi-stage enablement of financial functions, and the subsequent use for payment as claimed in US12028793B2.

• US20070285280A1 (Rent-A-Toll, Ltd.)

  • Full Citation: US20070285280A1
  • Priority Date: 2006-06-07
  • Publication Date: 2007-12-13
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes providing toll services utilizing a cellular device.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): Another toll service patent using cellular devices. The lack of physiological parameter enablement distinguishes US12028793B2.

• US20080040274A1 (Uzo Chijioke Chukwuemeka)

  • Full Citation: US20080040274A1
  • Priority Date: 2006-08-14
  • Publication Date: 2008-02-14
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes a method of making secure electronic payments using communications devices and biometric data.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent is highly relevant because it explicitly mentions "secure electronic payments using communications devices and biometric data." Biometric data is a type of physiological parameter. If this patent details the same multi-step process of (1) sensing a physiological parameter, (2) satisfying a criterion, (3) enabling a first function, (4) requesting authorization for a financial transaction function, (5) receiving authorization, (6) establishing the financial transaction function, and (7) using it based on proximity and physiological parameter, then it could potentially anticipate claims 1 and 5 of US12028793B2. This would be a very strong piece of prior art.

• US20080140667A1 (Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications Ab)

  • Full Citation: US20080140667A1
  • Priority Date: 2006-12-07
  • Publication Date: 2008-06-12
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes a device and method for creating a transaction log of data exchanges between a portable mobile communications device and other wireless devices.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent is about transaction logging, not the unique enablement features of US12028793B2.

• US20080140868A1 (Nicholas Kalayjian)

  • Full Citation: US20080140868A1
  • Priority Date: 2006-12-12
  • Publication Date: 2008-06-12
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes methods and systems for automatic configuration of peripherals.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent relates to peripheral configuration and is not directly relevant to the financial transaction enablement of US12028793B2.

• US20080146148A1 (Broadcom Corporation)

  • Full Citation: US20080146148A1
  • Priority Date: 2006-12-19
  • Publication Date: 2008-06-19
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes a system and method for using a single antenna for active and passive radio functions.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent is about antenna technology and is not relevant to the financial transaction enablement of US12028793B2.

• US20080200166A1 (Embarq Holdings Company, Llc)

  • Full Citation: US20080200166A1
  • Priority Date: 2007-02-20
  • Publication Date: 2008-08-21
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes a system and method for managing radio systems.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent concerns radio system management and is not relevant to the financial transaction enablement of US12028793B2.

• US20080227471A1 (Ajay Dankar)

  • Full Citation: US20080227471A1
  • Priority Date: 2007-03-16
  • Publication Date: 2008-09-18
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes a method for tracking credit card fraud.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent relates to fraud detection, not the physiological parameter-driven enablement of financial transactions.

• US20080306868A1 (Rent-A-Toll, Ltd.)

  • Full Citation: US20080306868A1
  • Priority Date: 2007-06-07
  • Publication Date: 2008-12-11
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes unlimited toll utilization.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): Another toll system patent, lacking the physiological parameter enablement.

• US8463238B2 ([Apple Inc.](/litigations/by-plaintiff/Apple%20Inc.))

  • Full Citation: US8463238B2
  • Priority Date: 2007-06-28
  • Publication Date: 2013-06-11
  • Brief Description: This patent describes a mobile device base station.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent focuses on mobile device infrastructure (base stations) and is not relevant to the financial transaction enablement of US12028793B2.

• US20090023474A1 (Motorola, Inc.)

  • Full Citation: US20090023474A1
  • Priority Date: 2007-07-18
  • Publication Date: 2009-01-22
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes token-based dynamic authorization management of RFID systems.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent relates to authorization management for RFID systems. While it involves authorization, it doesn't describe the physiological parameter trigger for enablement.

• US20090058637A1 (National Yang-Ming University)

  • Full Citation: US20090058637A1
  • Priority Date: 2007-08-27
  • Publication Date: 2009-03-05
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes a multi-antenna wireless sensor system.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent focuses on sensor systems and antennas, not the specific financial transaction enablement features of US12028793B2.

• US8249935B1 (Sprint Communications Company L.P.)

  • Full Citation: US8249935B1
  • Priority Date: 2007-09-27
  • Publication Date: 2012-08-21
  • Brief Description: This patent describes a method and system for blocking confidential information at a point-of-sale reader from eavesdropping.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent is about security at the point of sale. While relevant to financial transactions, it does not disclose the physiological parameter-driven enablement.

• US20090113543A1 (Research In Motion Limited)

  • Full Citation: US20090113543A1
  • Priority Date: 2007-10-25
  • Publication Date: 2009-04-30
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes authentication certificate management for access to a wireless communication device.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent relates to authentication, a general security measure. It does not appear to involve physiological parameter-driven enablement of financial transactions.

• US7912629B2 (Nokia Corporation)

  • Full Citation: US7912629B2
  • Priority Date: 2007-11-30
  • Publication Date: 2011-03-22
  • Brief Description: This patent describes methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for traffic data aggregation using virtual trip lines and a combination of location and time-based measurement triggers in GPS-enabled mobile handsets.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent relates to traffic data and location-based triggers. While US12028793B2 uses proximity/location, the distinct feature of physiological parameter enablement is absent.

• US20090153367A1 (Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.)

  • Full Citation: US20090153367A1
  • Priority Date: 2007-12-14
  • Publication Date: 2009-06-18
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes a pen-type portable wireless terminal.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent is about a specific form factor (pen-type terminal) and is unlikely to anticipate the functional enablement of financial transactions of US12028793B2.

• US20090169070A1 (Apple Inc.)

  • Full Citation: US20090169070A1
  • Priority Date: 2007-12-28
  • Publication Date: 2009-07-02
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes control of an electronic device by using a person's fingerprints.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent is highly relevant because it describes using fingerprints (a biometric, thus a physiological parameter) to control an electronic device. If "control" encompasses enabling functions and subsequently enabling financial transactions, this could be highly anticipatory. The specific sequence of enablement, authorization request, and then use for payment in US12028793B2 would be the points of comparison for novelty. This patent, along with US20080040274A1, appears to be among the strongest prior art candidates.

• US20090213947A1 (Xilinx, Inc.)

  • Full Citation: US20090213947A1
  • Priority Date: 2008-02-25
  • Publication Date: 2009-08-27
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes block boundary detection for a wireless communication system.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent is about communication system components and is not relevant to the financial transaction enablement of US12028793B2.

• US8091780B2 (Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.)

  • Full Citation: US8091780B2
  • Priority Date: 2008-04-07
  • Publication Date: 2012-01-10
  • Brief Description: This patent describes a system, method, and apparatus of a customer interface device.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent relates to customer interfaces, potentially for shopping, but it does not appear to involve the physiological parameter-driven financial transaction enablement.

• US8665062B2 (Telecom Italia S.P.A.)

  • Full Citation: US8665062B2
  • Priority Date: 2008-06-30
  • Publication Date: 2014-03-04
  • Brief Description: This patent describes a method and system for communicating access authorization requests based on user personal identification as well as a method and system for determining access authorizations.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent discusses access authorization based on user personal identification. If "personal identification" includes physiological parameters and the authorization leads to financial transaction enablement as in US12028793B2, then it would be highly relevant.

• US20100067591A1 (Qualcomm Incorporated)

  • Full Citation: US20100067591A1
  • Priority Date: 2008-09-12
  • Publication Date: 2010-03-18
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes efficiently identifying system waveform in uplink transmission.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent is about wireless communication waveform identification and is not relevant to the financial transaction enablement of US12028793B2.

• US20110314539A1 (At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P.)

  • Full Citation: US20110314539A1
  • Priority Date: 2010-06-18
  • Publication Date: 2011-12-22
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes proximity-based device security.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent is relevant for "proximity-based device security," as US12028793B2 uses a proximity condition. The crucial difference lies in the physiological parameter trigger for enablement of the financial transaction capability, which is not evident here.

• US20120214443A1 (Wherepro, Llc)

  • Full Citation: US20120214443A1
  • Priority Date: 2010-08-27
  • Publication Date: 2012-08-23
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes the operation of a computing device involving wireless tokens.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent relates to wireless tokens and computing device operation, but it does not appear to incorporate the physiological parameter-driven financial transaction enablement.

• US20130156218A1 (William R. Annacone)

  • Full Citation: US20130156218A1
  • Priority Date: 2011-12-16
  • Publication Date: 2013-06-20
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes an enclosure system with an acoustic element.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent is unrelated to financial transactions or physiological parameter sensing.

• US8646060B1 (Mourad Ben Ayed)

  • Full Citation: US8646060B1
  • Priority Date: 2013-07-30
  • Publication Date: 2014-02-04
  • Brief Description: This patent describes a method for adaptive authentication using a mobile device.
  • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent's title "adaptive authentication using a mobile device" is highly relevant. If "adaptive authentication" includes sensing a physiological parameter and satisfying a criterion to then enable further functions, including financial transactions, it would be highly anticipatory of claims 1 and 5.

Summary of Most Relevant Prior Art:

The most relevant prior art references, based on their descriptions and potential to anticipate the core elements of claims 1 and 5 of US12028793B2, appear to be:

1. US7505941B2 (American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.): This patent explicitly mentions "conducting electronic transactions using biometrics." If "biometrics" is considered a physiological parameter, and the transaction process is sufficiently similar, it could be highly anticipatory of the physiological sensing and financial transaction aspects.
2. US20080040274A1 (Uzo Chijioke Chukwuemeka): This patent describes "secure electronic payments using communications devices and biometric data." The use of biometric data (physiological parameter) for secure electronic payments directly addresses key elements of claims 1 and 5. The specifics of the enablement steps would determine full anticipation.
3. US20090169070A1 (Apple Inc.): This patent details "control of an electronic device by using a person's fingerprints." Fingerprints are a physiological parameter. If "control" includes enabling financial transaction capabilities, this patent could be very strong prior art.
4. US8665062B2 (Telecom Italia S.P.A.): This patent discusses "communicating access authorization requests based on user personal identification." If "user personal identification" broadly includes physiological parameters and leads to financial transaction enablement, it would be highly relevant.
5. US8646060B1 (Mourad Ben Ayed): This patent discusses "adaptive authentication using a mobile device." If this adaptive authentication uses physiological parameters to enable financial transaction functionality, it would be highly relevant.

These patents directly touch upon the concepts of biometrics/physiological parameters and their use in controlling devices or authorizing transactions. The key for US12028793B2's novelty over these would lie in the specific multi-step process of first enabling a general "first function" responsive to the physiological parameter, then requesting authorization to establish a financial transaction function, and finally using that established financial transaction function responsive to both proximity and the physiological parameter. The specific combination and sequence of these steps might provide the inventive distinction.

The obviousness analysis under 35 U.S.C. § 103 requires determining whether "the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains." This involves identifying a motivation to combine existing prior art references to arrive at the claimed invention.

For US Patent 12028793, the priority date is November 4, 2008. Therefore, any prior art used in an obviousness rejection must have a publication or effective filing date before November 4, 2008.

Let's examine the provided "Prior art keywords" and the "Citations" and "Family Cites Families" sections of the patent to identify potential combinations for an obviousness argument.

Prior Art Keywords:

• function
• responsive
• physiological parameter
• criterion
• wireless device

These keywords highlight key aspects of the claims, particularly the sensing of a physiological parameter, evaluating it against a criterion, and enabling functions on a wireless device.

Analysis of Independent Claim 1 (Method Claim):

Independent Claim 1 involves:

1. Sensing a physiological parameter.
2. Determining if it satisfies a criterion.
3. Enabling a first function if the criterion is met.
4. Requesting authorization to establish a financial transaction function (while the first function is enabled, and the physiological parameter criterion is met).
5. Receiving authorization.
6. Establishing the financial transaction function.
7. Using the financial transaction function to pay for a product when proximity to a vendor's access point is satisfied and the physiological parameter criterion is met, involving wirelessly transmitting information using unlicensed frequencies and deducting money from an account.

Potential Combination 1: US20060165060A1 (Dua) + US6595929B2 (Bodymedia, Inc.) + US20030172028A1 (IBM)

• US20060165060A1 (Dua): "Method and apparatus for managing credentials through a wireless network". This reference, published July 27, 2006 (before the 2008 priority date), teaches managing credentials and authorization through a wireless network, which is relevant to requesting and receiving authorization for a financial transaction.
• US6595929B2 (Bodymedia, Inc.): "System for monitoring health, wellness and fitness having a method and apparatus for improved measurement of heat flow". This patent, issued July 22, 2003 (before the 2008 priority date), discloses systems for monitoring physiological parameters, such as heat flow. It would make obvious the initial steps of sensing a physiological parameter and determining if it satisfies a criterion.
• US20030172028A1 (IBM): "Authorization of payment for a commercial transaction via a bluetooth enabled device". This publication, from September 11, 2003 (before the 2008 priority date), teaches authorization of payments for commercial transactions using a wireless device (specifically Bluetooth). It would make obvious the use of a wireless device to conduct a financial transaction by paying for a product upon satisfying a proximity condition. The use of "unlicensed frequencies" (like Bluetooth or WiFi) for short-range communication in financial transactions was also known.

Motivation to Combine:
A person having ordinary skill in the art (PHOSITA) in 2008, seeking to enhance the security and user experience of mobile financial transactions, would have been motivated to combine these references.

• The motivation to combine Bodymedia, Inc. and IBM would be to add a layer of physiological authentication to existing wireless payment systems. For example, a user's physiological state (e.g., heart rate within a normal range, indicating alertness and conscious intent) could be used as an additional security measure before authorizing a payment, rather than solely relying on proximity or a simple password.
• The inclusion of Dua would then provide the framework for managing credentials and obtaining authorization within such a physiologically-controlled wireless transaction system. Dua's focus on credential management through a wireless network aligns with the need to securely request and receive authorization for the financial transaction function.

Therefore, a PHOSITA would have been motivated to combine the physiological parameter sensing and criterion determination from Bodymedia, Inc. with the wireless financial transaction authorization from IBM, and integrate the secure credential management aspects taught by Dua, to create a more secure and context-aware mobile payment system. The concept of enabling/disabling functions based on conditions, as broadly discussed in the "Background of the Invention" of US12028793, was a known desire.

Analysis of Independent Claim 5 (Wireless Device Claim):

Independent Claim 5 describes a wireless device (smartphone with a sensor) performing similar operations to Claim 1.

Potential Combination 2: US20060165060A1 (Dua) + US6595929B2 (Bodymedia, Inc.) + US20030172028A1 (IBM) + US20070178935A1 ([[Samsung Electronics Co.](/litigations/by-defendant/Samsung%20Electronics%20Co.), Ltd.](/litigations/by-plaintiff/Samsung%20Electronics%20Co.%2C%20Ltd.))

• US20060165060A1 (Dua), US6595929B2 (Bodymedia, Inc.), US20030172028A1 (IBM): As discussed above, these references establish the physiological sensing, authorization management, and wireless financial transaction aspects.
• US20070178935A1 (Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.): "Apparatus and method for changing operation mode of dual mode terminal". This publication, from August 2, 2007 (before the 2008 priority date), teaches a dual-mode terminal changing its operation mode. This directly addresses the "enabling at least one first function of the wireless device and disabling a second function of the wireless device" as recited in dependent claim 6, and broadly supports the concept of adaptively enabling/disabling functions on a wireless device (smartphone).

Motivation to Combine:
A PHOSITA in 2008 would have been motivated to integrate the adaptive mode changing capabilities of a device, as taught by Samsung, with the physiologically-controlled financial transaction system described by the combination of Bodymedia, Inc., IBM, and Dua.

• The Samsung reference explicitly describes changing operation modes based on conditions, which aligns with the inventive concept of enabling/disabling functions. A PHOSITA would readily understand that a "first function" and "second function" in a smartphone could be enabled or disabled based on various criteria, including physiological parameters.
• The motivation would be to create a smart device that not only uses physiological parameters for secure transactions but also adaptively manages its other functionalities (e.g., enabling a "wallet mode" and perhaps disabling certain distracting or power-intensive functions when a transaction is imminent and physiological parameters indicate readiness).

Therefore, combining these four references would render Claim 5, and its dependent claims like Claim 6, obvious. The elements of sensing physiological parameters, using them for authorization, conducting wireless financial transactions, and dynamically enabling/disabling device functions were all known in the prior art, and a PHOSITA would have had a clear motivation to integrate these concepts to develop a more secure, intelligent, and context-aware smartphone for financial transactions.

tool_code
print(google_search.search(queries=["USPTO patent 12028793", "US12028793B2 patent term adjustments", "US12028793B2 patent term extensions", "US12028793B2 continuation applications", "US12028793B2 divisional applications", "US12028793B2 related family members", "US12028793B2 projected expiration date"]))
thought
The user is asking for specific details about US patent 12028793, including patent term adjustments (PTA), patent term extensions (PTE), continuation/divisional applications, related family members, and the projected expiration date. I will use the provided patent information and the search results to gather this information.

First, I need to confirm the existence and details of US patent 12028793. The initial prompt already provided the patent number as US12028793B2 and a link to Google Patents for it. I will rely on this as the primary source of information, supplementing with searches for specific details like PTA/PTE and definitive expiration.

From the "Full patent text" provided, I can extract:

• Publication number: US12028793B2
• Filing date: 2023-12-13
• Publication date (Issue Date): 2024-07-02
• Priority date: 2008-11-04
• Anticipated expiration: 2028-11-04 (This is a crucial piece of information for the projected expiration date).
• Continuation Applications: The description mentions: "The present application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 18/450,517, filed Aug. 16, 2023, which is itself a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 17/653,748, filed Mar. 7, 2022, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,770,756, which is itself a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/929,609, filed May 12, 2020, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,304,118, which is itself a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/012,513, filed Jun. 19, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,660,015, which is itself a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/800,885, filed Nov. 1, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,219,199, which is itself a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/251,882, filed Aug. 30, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,832,708, which is itself a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/264,711, filed Nov. 4, 2008, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,462,411." This provides a complete chain of continuation and divisional applications.
• Related Family Members: The "Family Applications" and "Family Applications Before" and "Family Applications After" sections list numerous related applications.

Now, I will specifically look for PTA/PTE information using the search results, as this is usually calculated by the USPTO and might not be explicitly stated as a final number in the patent document itself beyond the "anticipated expiration".

Let's break down the information needed:

1. Patent Term Adjustments (PTA): This is typically added to the patent term due to delays during prosecution by the USPTO.
2. Patent Term Extensions (PTE): This is typically granted for delays related to regulatory review (e.g., FDA approval). Given the nature of this patent (software/method for financial transactions), PTE is less likely, but I should still check.
3. Continuation Applications: The chain is already detailed in the patent text. I will re-list them clearly.
4. Divisional Applications: The chain already details one divisional application. I will re-list it clearly.
5. Related Family Members: I will summarize the family members from the provided text.
6. Projected Expiration Date: The patent text provides an "Anticipated expiration" date, which I will use. I will cross-reference this with any PTA/PTE findings.

Let's refine the search based on the specific information needed:

• Search for "US12028793B2 patent term adjustments"
• Search for "US12028793B2 patent term extensions"
• If the above searches do not provide a clear PTA/PTE, I will assume the anticipated expiration date from the Google Patents page already factors in any such adjustments, unless contradictory information is found.
• The continuation/divisional and family members are largely covered in the provided text.

From the provided patent text, the "Anticipated expiration" date is 2028-11-04. This date is 20 years from the earliest priority date (2008-11-04). This suggests that if any PTA or PTE were granted, they either are not accounted for in this "anticipated expiration" field, or there were none, or they were offset. I will check search results for explicit PTA/PTE values.

The Google Patents page itself lists "Anticipated expiration 2028-11-04". This typically implies that no significant PTA or PTE was granted, or that this is the baseline 20-year term from the priority date of the earliest parent application (US12/264,711, filed Nov. 4, 2008). It is important to note that the filing date of US12028793B2 itself is 2023-12-13, but as a continuation, its term is derived from the earliest non-provisional application in the chain.

Let's check the search results to see if they offer more explicit details on PTA/PTE for US12028793.
The initial Google search results for "USPTO patent 12028793" and "US12028793B2 patent term adjustments" did not provide a direct breakdown of PTA or PTE. However, the Google Patents page explicitly states "Anticipated expiration 2028-11-04". This date is exactly 20 years from the priority date of the original application, US12/264,711, filed on November 4, 2008, which this patent is a continuation of.

The term of a U.S. patent is generally 20 years from the earliest filing date of the application upon which the patent is granted (excluding provisional applications), subject to extensions and adjustments. Since US12028793B2 is a continuation of a long chain of applications tracing back to US12/264,711 (filed 2008-11-04), its term is calculated from that 2008-11-04 date. A 20-year term from 2008-11-04 would be 2028-11-04.

If there were significant PTAs, the expiration date would typically be later than this "anticipated expiration" date listed on Google Patents. The absence of specific PTA/PTE data in the quick look-up suggests that, for the purpose of this analysis, the listed expiration date is the most reliable figure available without deeper dives into PAIR records, which are beyond the scope of a standard search tool for this request.

Therefore, I will rely on the "Anticipated expiration 2028-11-04" provided in the patent data.

Regarding continuation/divisional applications and family members, the patent text provides a comprehensive list. I will extract and organize these.

Continuation/Divisional Chain from patent text:
"The present application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 18/450,517, filed Aug. 16, 2023, which is itself a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 17/653,748, filed Mar. 7, 2022, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,770,756, which is itself a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/929,609, filed May 12, 2020, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,304,118, which is itself a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/012,513, filed Jun. 19, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,660,015, which is itself a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/800,885, filed Nov. 1, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,219,199, which is itself a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/251,882, filed Aug. 30, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,832,708, which is itself a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/264,711, filed Nov. 4, 2008, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,462,411."

This is a clear statement of the parentage.

Related Family Members:
The "Family Applications" section on the Google Patents page lists additional members. I will compile these for completeness.

I'll synthesize the information carefully to avoid repetition and present it clearly.US Patent 12028793, titled "Systems/methods of establishing a capability, and then using the capability, to perform a financial transaction by a smartphone," has the following patent term and family details:

Patent Term Adjustments (PTA) and Extensions (PTE)

The Google Patents entry for US12028793B2 lists an "Anticipated expiration" date of 2028-11-04. This date is exactly 20 years from the priority date of the original application (U.S. application Ser. No. 12/264,711, filed November 4, 2008) in the patent's lineage. No specific Patent Term Adjustments (PTA) or Patent Term Extensions (PTE) are explicitly detailed in the provided patent information or readily available through general searches, suggesting that the listed expiration date incorporates any such calculations or indicates that no significant adjustments or extensions were granted beyond the standard 20-year term from the earliest priority date. Given the nature of the invention (software/method for financial transactions), Patent Term Extensions (PTE) due to regulatory review (e.g., FDA approval) are unlikely.

Continuation and Divisional Applications

US12028793B2 is part of a complex application family. The patent states: "The present application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 18/450,517, filed Aug. 16, 2023, which is itself a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 17/653,748, filed Mar. 7, 2022, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,770,756, which is itself a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/929,609, filed May 12, 2020, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,304,118, which is itself a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/012,513, filed Jun. 19, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,660,015, which is itself a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/800,885, filed Nov. 1, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,219,199, which is itself a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/251,882, filed Aug. 30, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,832,708, which is itself a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/264,711, filed Nov. 4, 2008, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,462,411."

From this statement, the direct lineage for US12028793B2 can be broken down as follows:

• Current Application: US18/539,020 (US12028793B2)
• Continuation of: US18/450,517 (filed Aug. 16, 2023, now US12402066B2)
• Continuation of: US17/653,748 (filed Mar. 7, 2022, now US11770756B2)
• Continuation of: US15/929,609 (filed May 12, 2020, now US11304118B2)
• Continuation of: US16/012,513 (filed Jun. 19, 2018, now US10660015B2)
• Divisional of: US15/800,885 (filed Nov. 1, 2017, now US10219199B2)
• Continuation of: US15/251,882 (filed Aug. 30, 2016, now US9832708B2)
• Continuation of: US12/264,711 (filed Nov. 4, 2008, now US9462411B2)

Related Family Members

The patent family is extensive, originating from the priority date of 2008-11-04. Other related applications within this family, as listed on Google Patents, include:

• US12/264,711 (US9462411B2) - Active
• US15/251,882 (US9832708B2) - Active
• US15/800,885 (US10219199B2) - Active
• US16/012,513 (US10660015B2) - Active
• US16/251,834 (US10674432B2) - Active
• US15/929,609 (US11304118B2) - Active
• US17/653,748 (US11770756B2) - Active
• US18/450,517 (US12402066B2) - Active
• US18/489,517 (US11924743B2) - Active
• US18/523,863 (US11937172B1) - Active
• US19/279,124 (US20250351055A1) - Pending
• US19/359,019 (US20260040191A1) - Pending
• EP09825265A (EP2351414A4) - Withdrawn
• CA2742311A (CA2742311A1) - Abandoned
• PCT/US2009/062792 (WO2010053839A1) - Ceased
• KR1020117012504A (KR20110091525A) - Withdrawn

Projected Expiration Date

The projected expiration date for US Patent 12028793B2 is 2028-11-04. This date is based on the statutory 20-year term from the priority date of the earliest non-provisional application in its chain, U.S. application Ser. No. 12/264,711, filed on November 4, 2008.