US 11516694

Here's a concise summary of US patent 11516694:

Title: Low latency wireless messaging

Assignee: SPECTRANET TECHNOLOGIES LLC

Inventors: Jeffrey C. Adams

Filing Date: March 18, 2021 [cite: US11516694B1]

Issue Date: November 29, 2022 [cite: US11516694B1]

Abstract:
The patent describes technology for the wireless transmission of messages to remote receiving devices. This technology involves receiving a message, determining specific transmission parameters for it, and then transmitting the message according to these parameters. A key aspect is encoding the message to minimize message latency. The system is designed for message transmission via the ionosphere or other atmospheric layers, utilizing frequencies in the Medium Frequency (MF), High Frequency (HF), or Very High Frequency (VHF) spectrum. The disclosed technology is particularly aimed at achieving low-latency financial transaction execution, such as high-speed high-frequency trading.

Plain-Language Overview of Independent Claims:

• Claim 1 (Method for Ionospheric RF Transmission):
  This claim describes a method for sending a message wirelessly at high frequencies through the ionosphere to a distant receiver. The process involves:

  1. Receiving an initial request to send a specific message.
  2. Compressing or shortening this message into an "encoded message" in a way that reduces the time it takes to transmit (message latency). The receiving device already knows what this shortened message means.
  3. Calculating specific transmission settings (like frequency, power, modulation) for sending this encoded message, taking into account both the desired low message latency and any mandated limits on the radio channel's bandwidth.
  4. Broadcasting the encoded message using these calculated settings over the high-frequency ionospheric band.

• Claim 8 (Device for Transmitting Messages):
  This claim covers a device (like a computer system) designed to send messages to a distant receiver. The device includes memory and processing power that enable it to:

  1. Encode a message into a smaller format to reduce transmission delay. This encoded message's meaning is already understood by the receiving device.
  2. Determine optimal transmission settings for sending the encoded message wirelessly. These settings are chosen to minimize message latency and adhere to predefined channel bandwidth restrictions.
  3. Control the actual transmission of the encoded message over a high-frequency ionospheric band using the determined settings.

• Claim 13 (Device with an Encoded Message Input):
  This claim describes a device that receives an already encoded message and then transmits it to a recipient. The device's memory and processing capabilities enable it to:

  1. Receive a pre-encoded message, which is a shortened version of an original message, specifically formatted to reduce transmission delay when sent via the ionosphere using high frequencies. The recipient device understands the meaning of this encoded message.
  2. Determine the appropriate transmission parameters for sending this encoded message, considering both the goal of low message latency and any set limits on the channel bandwidth.
  3. Transmit the encoded message over the high-frequency ionospheric band using these determined parameters.

CAFC 2026 Dockets:
A search of CAFC 2026 dockets did not return any specific cases or mentions related to patent number US11516694B1. The search results provided general information about scheduled cases and access to court records for the Federal Circuit, but no direct or indirect indication of litigation involving this particular patent in 2026 was found.

A search for litigation involving US patent 11516694 did not return any specific cases in the provided search results. The Unified Patents Portal, a resource for patent litigation, provides a search function but did not yield direct results for this patent number in the context of specific cases. Other search results discussed general patent law and court decisions without mentioning US11516694.

Therefore, no known litigation involving US patent 11516694 can be reported at this time based on the executed searches.

Proceedings overview

There are no AIA trial proceedings currently on file for US patent 11516694. This means the patent has not been challenged in an Inter Partes Review (IPR), Post-Grant Review (PGR), or Covered Business Method (CBM) proceeding at the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB). This gives a defendant currently facing assertion of this patent the defensive posture that all claims remain untested by PTAB.

Strategic summary

As of May 22, 2026, all claims (1-20) of US patent 11516694 are considered valid and untested by any AIA trial proceeding. There are no canceled, sustained, or narrowed claims resulting from PTAB challenges. Consequently, the estoppel landscape is clear; there are no prior-art grounds that are barred from being raised in a new PTAB petition or in district court litigation due to a previous PTAB final written decision. There are no pattern signals to observe, as no proceedings have been initiated.

Recommended next steps

Since no PTAB activity exists for US11516694B1, a defendant facing assertion of this patent should be aware that the claims have not been subjected to the scrutiny of an AIA trial. The absence of PTAB activity can be a signal that the patent has not been widely asserted or that potential challengers have not yet found compelling prior art to pursue an IPR.

For a defendant, the next steps could include:

• Conducting a thorough prior art search to identify potential invalidity grounds under 35 U.S.C. §§ 102 and 103, which could form the basis for a new IPR petition.
• Assessing the commercial relevance and strength of the asserted claims in light of the prior art found, to determine the viability of a PTAB challenge.
• Monitoring for any newly filed PTAB petitions against this patent, as such filings would change the defensive landscape.

Inventors

The sole named inventor for US patent 11516694 is Jeffrey C. Adams. [cite: US11516694B1] Based on the original assignee information, it can be inferred that Jeffrey C. Adams was associated with Spectranet Inc. at the time of the application's priority and filing dates. [cite: US11516694B1] No information regarding his employer post-filing or departure patterns is available within the provided patent text.

Original assignee

The original assignee named on the issued patent is Spectranet Inc. [cite: US11516694B1]

The patent describes technology for "Low latency wireless messaging" specifically aimed at "low latency financial transaction execution, such as high speed high frequency trading (HFT)." [cite: US11516694B1] This indicates Spectranet Inc.'s primary line of business, at least with respect to this patent, was in providing or developing low-latency communication solutions for financial markets.

The current assignee is listed as SPECTRANET TECHNOLOGIES LLC. [cite: US11516694B1] This suggests that Spectranet Inc. is no longer the direct owner, having assigned the patent to SPECTRANET TECHNOLOGIES LLC. The current operational status of Spectranet Inc. (operating, acquired, dissolved, in bankruptcy) cannot be determined definitively from the provided patent text or its associated legal events; the transfer indicates a change in ownership.

Assignment timeline

Due to the inability to perform a live search on the USPTO Assignment Center to retrieve specific reel/frame numbers, recording dates, and correspondent details, a full reconstruction of the assignment record as typically obtained from that source is not possible. However, the Google Patents legal events section provides a timeline of ownership changes for this patent.

• 2021-09-10 (executed date not explicitly separated from recording date in Google Patents, so using this as the event date) — Details from Google Patents [cite: US11516694B1]

  • Conveyance: Assignment (implied by "Assigned to")
  • Assignor: Jeffrey C. Adams
  • Assignee: Spectranet, Inc.
  • Correspondent: Not available without USPTO Assignment Center search.
  • Context: Transfer from inventor to the original assignee.

• 2024-11-13 (executed date not explicitly separated from recording date in Google Patents, so using this as the event date) — Details from Google Patents [cite: US11516694B1]

  • Conveyance: Assignment (implied by "Assigned to")
  • Assignor: Spectranet, Inc.
  • Assignee: SPECTRANET TECHNOLOGIES LLC
  • Correspondent: Not available without USPTO Assignment Center search.
  • Context: Transfer from original assignee to an affiliated entity.

Timeline diagram

timeline
    title Ownership of US 11516694
    2021 : Application filed by Spectranet Inc
         : Assigned from inventor to Spectranet Inc
    2022 : Patent Issued
    2024 : Assigned to SPECTRANET TECHNOLOGIES LLC

NPE / troll-pattern signals

1. Shell-entity transfer — unclear. The transfer from "Spectranet, Inc." to "SPECTRANET TECHNOLOGIES LLC" [cite: US11516694B1] could indicate a move to a licensing-focused entity, but without information on their respective product lines, business activities, or registered agent addresses, this cannot be confirmed. The name change itself is insufficient evidence.
2. Known asserter in the chain — not present. None of the assignees ("Spectranet Inc.", "SPECTRANET TECHNOLOGIES LLC") match common public NPE lists based on the provided data. [cite: US11516694B1]
3. Repeat correspondent across the chain — unclear. Correspondent information (name, firm, address) is not available from the provided Google Patents legal events; a live USPTO Assignment Center search would be required to determine this.
4. Cascading transfers — not present. Only two transfers are noted in the timeline over a period of several years, not multiple consecutive transfers within a short timeframe. [cite: US11516694B1]
5. Pre-litigation transfer — unclear. No litigation involving this patent was found in the prior analysis, so there is no basis to evaluate a pre-litigation transfer.
6. Bankruptcy fire-sale — not present. There is no indication from the provided information that any of the assignors filed for bankruptcy.
7. Privateering — unclear. Without SEC filings or external reporting on the business activities of Spectranet Inc. or SPECTRANET TECHNOLOGIES LLC, it is not possible to determine if this is a privateering arrangement.
8. Defensive aggregator (anti-NPE) — not present. The chain does not end at any known defensive aggregators like RPX, AST, LOT Network, or OIN. [cite: US11516694B1]

Verdict

Insufficient data

The provided information from the Google Patents legal events section, while outlining the sequence of assignments, lacks critical details such as reel/frame numbers, recording dates, and correspondent information that are essential for a robust NPE analysis. Without access to the USPTO Assignment Center's full records, most NPE signals cannot be confidently marked as present or absent.

For verification, you can search the USPTO Assignment Center: https://assignmentcenter.uspto.gov/ (search for patent number US11516694).

To identify the most relevant prior art for US patent 11516694, I will analyze the patents cited within its "Patent Citations" section, excluding those that are part of the same patent family and share the same priority date (July 24, 2012). For each relevant citation, I will provide the full citation, the earliest effective date for prior art purposes, a brief description, and an assessment of which claims it potentially anticipates under 35 U.S.C. § 102.

The following patents are excluded from the prior art analysis as they are direct ancestors or siblings sharing the same priority date (July 24, 2012) as US11516694B1, meaning they are not prior art in the traditional sense under 35 U.S.C. § 102:

• US9215726B1 (continuation of 13/948,081)
• US9578540B1 (continuation of 14/664,255)
• US10959123B1 (continuation of 15/436,779)

Below is an analysis of the remaining cited prior art from US11516694B1.

Identified Prior Art and Anticipation Analysis

1. US6104712A

• Full Citation: US6104712A, Robert; Bruno G., "Wireless communication network including plural migratory access nodes", Issued: August 15, 2000.
• Earliest Effective Date: Priority Date: February 22, 1999.
• Brief Description: This patent describes a wireless communication network that includes multiple migratory access nodes. It focuses on handoff management and routing of calls between fixed and mobile nodes, including mechanisms for registering mobile nodes and forwarding calls based on their location. It mentions managing quality of service (QoS) for real-time and non-real-time calls.
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent primarily addresses network architecture, mobility, and QoS in a wireless network. It does not appear to teach the specific elements of encoding a message into a smaller format to effect message latency for ionospheric HF transmission, nor does it explicitly disclose determining transmission parameters based on both message latency and a predefined channel bandwidth for such transmissions. Therefore, it is unlikely to directly anticipate the independent claims (1, 8, 13) of US11516694B1 in their entirety.

2. US20020198657A1

• Full Citation: US20020198657A1, Robbins James E., "GPS correction methods, apparatus and signals", Published: December 26, 2002.
• Earliest Effective Date: Priority Date: December 15, 2000.
• Brief Description: This application details methods, apparatus, and signals for providing GPS correction data to GPS receivers. It describes transmitting correction data via various means, including wireless communication systems, to improve the accuracy of GPS positioning. It focuses on the data content and transmission methods for GPS corrections, which are typically small, highly time-sensitive messages.
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): While GPS correction data involves small, time-sensitive messages, this patent focuses on the content and delivery of that specific type of data. It does not disclose the generalized concept of encoding any particular message to reduce its size for low-latency transmission, determining transmission parameters based on both message latency and a predefined channel bandwidth, or the specific use of ionospheric HF frequency bands for this purpose. Thus, it is unlikely to anticipate claims 1, 8, or 13.

3. US20020184645A1

• Full Citation: US20020184645A1, Austin Phillip G., "Measurement of quality of service", Published: December 5, 2002.
• Earliest Effective Date: Priority Date: May 30, 2001.
• Brief Description: This publication relates to measuring Quality of Service (QoS) in a communication system, particularly focusing on methods to determine performance metrics like throughput and latency. It describes injecting test messages into a network and measuring the time taken for them to traverse the system to determine latency.
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent addresses the measurement and monitoring of QoS, including latency, rather than a method or device for actively reducing message latency through specific encoding and adaptive transmission parameter determination in an ionospheric HF context. It does not teach the specific encoding of a message into a smaller format, or the use of message latency and channel bandwidth to determine transmission parameters for ionospheric HF transmission as claimed in US11516694B1.

4. US20030012153A1

• Full Citation: US20030012153A1, Fm Bay, "System and method for individualized broadcasts on a general use broadcast frequency", Published: January 16, 2003.
• Earliest Effective Date: Priority Date: July 16, 2001.
• Brief Description: This application describes systems and methods for transmitting individualized broadcasts over a general-use broadcast frequency. It involves encoding individual messages with unique identifiers and using techniques to allow recipients to selectively receive and decode only messages intended for them. It might involve efficient data transmission but does not focus on latency reduction via message size encoding or adaptive HF ionospheric parameters.
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This reference is concerned with individualized broadcasting and selective reception. While it involves encoding, it doesn't describe encoding to effect message latency by reducing message size for HF ionospheric transmission, nor does it disclose determining transmission parameters based on message latency and a predefined channel bandwidth, as central to claims 1, 8, and 13 of US11516694B1.

5. US20030126545A1

• Full Citation: US20030126545A1, Tan Alfred Keng Tiong, "Non-linear code-division multiple access technology with improved detection algorithms and error correction coding", Published: July 3, 2003.
• Earliest Effective Date: Priority Date: October 5, 2001.
• Brief Description: This patent application describes non-linear code-division multiple access (CDMA) technology, including improved detection algorithms and error correction coding. It aims to enhance spectral efficiency and performance in CDMA systems, which might implicitly impact latency by improving reliability or data rates.
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This prior art focuses on CDMA technology, detection algorithms, and error correction coding to improve spectral efficiency and performance. While error correction coding can impact overall data delivery time (and thus perceived latency), US11516694B1 explicitly avoids such coding for low latency, instead focusing on message size reduction and parameter determination. Therefore, this reference does not anticipate the core aspects of claims 1, 8, or 13, particularly the encoding for message size latency reduction and the adaptive parameter determination based on latency and bandwidth for ionospheric HF.

6. US20030072467A1

• Full Citation: US20030072467A1, Brundage Trent J., "Progressive watermark decoding on a distributed computing platform", Published: April 17, 2003.
• Earliest Effective Date: Priority Date: October 16, 2001.
• Brief Description: This application describes a system for progressively decoding watermarks on a distributed computing platform. It is related to digital rights management and data integrity, not directly to low-latency message transmission in wireless communication systems.
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent is unrelated to wireless message transmission for low latency and does not disclose any elements of claims 1, 8, or 13 of US11516694B1.

7. US20080129591A1

• Full Citation: US20080129591A1, Lamance James, "System and Method for Providing Assistance Data Within a Location Network", Published: June 5, 2008.
• Earliest Effective Date: Priority Date: August 5, 2003.
• Brief Description: This patent describes providing assistance data, such as GPS correction data or cellular network information, within a location network. It focuses on how mobile devices request and receive this assistance data to improve their positioning capabilities. The transmission of this data may involve wireless links.
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): Similar to US20020198657A1, this patent focuses on specific types of assistance data in a location network. It does not teach the general encoding of messages for low latency by reducing message size, nor the determination of transmission parameters based on message latency and predefined channel bandwidth, specifically for ionospheric HF. It does not anticipate claims 1, 8, or 13.

8. US8654815B1

• Full Citation: US8654815B1, Rearden, Llc, "System and method for distributed antenna wireless communications", Issued: February 18, 2014.
• Earliest Effective Date: Priority Date: April 2, 2004.
• Brief Description: This patent describes systems and methods for distributed antenna wireless communications, focusing on improving coverage and capacity within a wireless network by using multiple antennas spread throughout a geographic area. It addresses signal transmission and reception in such environments.
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent relates to distributed antenna systems for improving wireless communication infrastructure. It does not address the core inventive concept of US11516694B1, which is low-latency ionospheric HF messaging achieved through message encoding and adaptive parameter determination based on latency and channel bandwidth. It does not anticipate claims 1, 8, or 13.

9. US8542763B2

• Full Citation: US8542763B2, Rearden, Llc, "Systems and methods to coordinate transmissions in distributed wireless systems via user clustering", Issued: September 24, 2013.
• Earliest Effective Date: Priority Date: April 2, 2004.
• Brief Description: This patent describes coordinating transmissions in distributed wireless systems, often involving user clustering, to optimize resource allocation and minimize interference. It focuses on managing wireless resources efficiently.
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent is concerned with resource coordination and user clustering in distributed wireless systems, aiming for efficient resource usage. It does not teach the specific low-latency messaging techniques of US11516694B1, particularly the message encoding for size reduction and the adaptive parameter determination for ionospheric HF transmission. It does not anticipate claims 1, 8, or 13.

10. US20050283715A1

• Full Citation: US20050283715A1, Sutivong Arak, "Robust erasure detection and erasure-rate-based closed loop power control", Published: December 22, 2005.
• Earliest Effective Date: Priority Date: June 18, 2004.
• Brief Description: This application describes techniques for robust erasure detection and erasure-rate-based closed-loop power control in wireless communication systems. It aims to improve reliability and efficiency by adaptively adjusting transmission power based on channel conditions and detected erasures.
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent deals with power control and error detection to improve robustness in wireless communications. While it mentions adaptive power control, it does not link it to the specific goal of minimizing message latency through message encoding and considering both message latency and predefined channel bandwidth, especially in the context of ionospheric HF transmission as described in US11516694B1. Therefore, it does not anticipate claims 1, 8, or 13.

11. US20070147251A1

• Full Citation: US20070147251A1, Monsen Peter, "Technique for adaptive data rate communication over fading dispersive channels", Published: June 28, 2007.
• Earliest Effective Date: Priority Date: September 23, 2005.
• Brief Description: This application describes an adaptive data rate communication technique designed for fading dispersive channels. It focuses on adjusting data rates and possibly other parameters to maintain reliable communication in challenging wireless environments, potentially including HF channels.
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent introduces adaptive data rate communication for fading channels, which is relevant to wireless communication efficiency. While it relates to adapting transmission parameters, it does not specifically teach encoding a message to reduce its size for low latency, or determining transmission parameters based on both message latency and a predefined channel bandwidth for ionospheric HF transmission in the manner claimed by US11516694B1. Therefore, it does not directly anticipate claims 1, 8, or 13.

12. US20080002882A1

• Full Citation: US20080002882A1, Voloshynovskyy Svyatoslav, "Brand protection and product autentication using portable devices", Published: January 3, 2008.
• Earliest Effective Date: Priority Date: June 30, 2006.
• Brief Description: This application concerns brand protection and product authentication using portable devices, involving techniques like watermarking or unique identifiers. It is unrelated to low-latency wireless messaging for general data or financial transactions.
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent is unrelated to the subject matter of US11516694B1 and does not anticipate any of its claims.

13. US20080161050A1

• Full Citation: US20080161050A1, Shudark Jeffrey B, "Method for configuring a wireless communication device to operate in a wireless communication system through automatic SIM pairing and associated wireless communication device", Published: July 3, 2008.
• Earliest Effective Date: Priority Date: December 29, 2006.
• Brief Description: This patent describes methods and devices for configuring wireless communication devices through automatic SIM pairing within a wireless communication system. It focuses on device setup and network access.
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent relates to device configuration and network access. It does not teach the specific low-latency message encoding or adaptive transmission parameter determination for ionospheric HF as claimed in US11516694B1. It does not anticipate claims 1, 8, or 13.

14. US20090074155A1

• Full Citation: US20090074155A1, Wang Jin, "Methods and apparatus to test a subscriber line for a broadband access service", Published: March 19, 2009.
• Earliest Effective Date: Priority Date: September 19, 2007.
• Brief Description: This application describes methods and apparatus for testing subscriber lines in broadband access services. It focuses on diagnostic procedures for network infrastructure.
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent is directed to testing broadband subscriber lines, which is unrelated to the low-latency wireless messaging aspects of US11516694B1. It does not anticipate claims 1, 8, or 13.

15. US20100245172A1

• Full Citation: US20100245172A1, Thales Alenia Space Italia S.P.A, "Method of Synchronising Nodes of a Network, and System and Device Therefor", Published: September 30, 2010.
• Earliest Effective Date: Priority Date: December 18, 2007.
• Brief Description: This patent application describes methods and systems for synchronizing nodes in a communication network, particularly relevant for satellite communication systems. Accurate synchronization can be critical for efficient and reliable data transfer.
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): While network synchronization is important for communication, this patent does not teach the specific message encoding for low latency or the adaptive determination of transmission parameters based on message latency and predefined channel bandwidth, especially in the context of ionospheric HF, as claimed in US11516694B1. It does not anticipate claims 1, 8, or 13.

16. US20130132795A1

• Full Citation: US20130132795A1, Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba, "Semiconductor storage device, method of controlling the same, and error correction system", Published: May 23, 2013.
• Earliest Effective Date: Priority Date: February 29, 2008.
• Brief Description: This patent relates to semiconductor storage devices and associated error correction systems. It focuses on data reliability within memory systems.
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent is unrelated to wireless communication and low-latency messaging, specifically not addressing ionospheric HF transmission or the claimed encoding and parameter determination methods. It does not anticipate claims 1, 8, or 13.

17. US20090300469A1

• Full Citation: US20090300469A1, Broadcom Corporation, "System and method for inter-packet channel coding and decoding", Published: December 3, 2009.
• Earliest Effective Date: Priority Date: May 29, 2008.
• Brief Description: This application describes systems and methods for inter-packet channel coding and decoding, which are techniques used to improve the robustness of data transmission by adding redundancy across multiple packets.
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent focuses on channel coding and decoding for error correction, which generally increases message size for reliability, rather than reducing it for latency as in US11516694B1. While it relates to wireless transmission, it does not teach the specific encoding to effect message latency by reducing size, or the determination of parameters based on latency and predefined channel bandwidth for ionospheric HF transmission. It does not anticipate claims 1, 8, or 13.

18. US20120201192A1

• Full Citation: US20120201192A1, Pantech Co., Ltd., "Method and apparatus for relaying uplink signals", Published: August 9, 2012.
• Earliest Effective Date: Priority Date: October 6, 2009.
• Brief Description: This application describes methods and apparatus for relaying uplink signals in wireless communication systems, aiming to improve coverage and signal quality for mobile stations.
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent is concerned with relaying uplink signals to improve coverage. It does not teach encoding messages for low latency by reducing message size, nor does it address the determination of transmission parameters based on both message latency and a predefined channel bandwidth for ionospheric HF transmission, as claimed in US11516694B1. It does not anticipate claims 1, 8, or 13.

19. US20130091214A1

• Full Citation: US20130091214A1, Broadcom Corporation, "Media social network", Published: April 11, 2013.
• Earliest Effective Date: Priority Date: October 8, 2011.
• Brief Description: This patent describes a media social network, focusing on sharing and interacting with media content. It relates to social media platforms and content delivery, not low-latency wireless communication infrastructure or techniques.
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent is unrelated to the subject matter of US11516694B1 and does not anticipate any of its claims.

20. US20130132796A1

• Full Citation: US20130132796A1, Broadcom Corporation, "Accelerated Cyclical Redundancy Check", Published: May 23, 2013.
• Earliest Effective Date: Priority Date: November 21, 2011.
• Brief Description: This application details methods and systems for accelerated Cyclical Redundancy Check (CRC), which is a technique for error detection in digital data. This typically involves adding check bits to a message.
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent concerns error detection, which involves adding bits to a message, thus increasing its size, rather than reducing it for low latency as taught by US11516694B1. It does not teach the specific encoding for message size latency reduction or adaptive parameter determination for ionospheric HF transmission. It does not anticipate claims 1, 8, or 13.

21. US20130283126A1

• Full Citation: US20130283126A1, Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., "Error detection within a memory", Published: October 24, 2013.
• Earliest Effective Date: Priority Date: April 20, 2012.
• Brief Description: This patent describes methods and systems for error detection within a memory device. It is focused on data integrity within hardware components rather than wireless communication.
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent is unrelated to wireless communication and low-latency messaging, specifically not addressing ionospheric HF transmission or the claimed encoding and parameter determination methods. It does not anticipate claims 1, 8, or 13.

22. US20140281625A1

• Full Citation: US20140281625A1, Seagatetechnology Llc, "Storing System Data During Low Power Mode Operation", Published: September 18, 2014.
• Earliest Effective Date: Priority Date: March 15, 2013.
• Brief Description: This patent describes methods and systems for storing system data during low-power mode operation, which relates to power management in computing devices.
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent is unrelated to wireless communication and low-latency messaging, specifically not addressing ionospheric HF transmission or the claimed encoding and parameter determination methods. It does not anticipate claims 1, 8, or 13.

Most Relevant Prior Art (Based on Analysis of Direct Citations):

Based on the analysis of the cited patents, none of the individual prior art references appear to fully anticipate the independent claims (1, 8, 13) of US11516694B1. The key inventive aspects of US11516694B1, such as encoding messages to reduce their size specifically to effect message latency, and determining transmission parameters based on both message latency and a predefined channel bandwidth for ionospheric HF frequency band transmission, are not fully disclosed in any single cited prior art. Many cited patents address general wireless communication, QoS, power control, or error correction, but not the specific combination and purpose outlined in US11516694B1.

However, if I were to highlight the most relevant in terms of the field of technology, references like US20070147251A1 ("Technique for adaptive data rate communication over fading dispersive channels") and US20050283715A1 ("Robust erasure detection and erasure-rate-based closed loop power control") are somewhat related in that they discuss adaptive transmission parameters or power control in challenging wireless environments, which might include HF. However, they lack the specific encoding for message size latency reduction and the explicit determination criteria (message latency and predefined channel bandwidth) for ionospheric HF transmissions central to US11516694B1.

The remaining cited prior art are either too general, relate to different communication aspects (e.g., GPS correction data, network synchronization, internal memory error detection), or are directly contradictory to the low-latency approach (e.g., focusing on error correction/redundancy which increases message size).

Under 35 U.S.C. § 103, a patent claim is unpatentable if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the subject matter as a whole would have been obvious at the time the invention was made to a person having ordinary skill in the art (PHOSITA). The analysis requires identifying: (1) the scope and content of the prior art, (2) the differences between the prior art and the claims at issue, (3) the level of ordinary skill in the pertinent art, and (4) secondary considerations of obviousness (though none are presented here in the provided context). The motivation to combine prior art references is a crucial aspect of the obviousness analysis.

The priority date for US Patent 11516694 is July 24, 2012. Therefore, only prior art references published or publicly available before this date are relevant for an obviousness analysis.

Prior Art References Considered:

Based on the patent's own citations, the following references are relevant prior art:

1. ITU-R Recommendation P.533-10 (October 2009): "Method for the prediction of the performance of HF circuits." This document provides technical guidance for High Frequency (HF) radio propagation, including ionospheric transmission, and the factors affecting circuit performance. [cite: Non-Patent Citations]
2. US20020122468A1 (Leathrum, published September 5, 2002): "Quasi orthogonal hybrid walsh-PN codes for CDMA application in HF modems." This patent explicitly describes the use of HF modems for communication. [cite: Citations]
3. US20020164027A1 (Stephenson, published November 7, 2002): "Compression for asymmetric data links." This reference teaches data compression techniques to reduce the amount of data transmitted, thereby increasing transmission efficiency. [cite: Citations]
4. US5982813A (Wong, published November 9, 1999): "Demand-based power and data rate adjustments to a transmitter to optimize channel capacity and power usage with respect to data transmission traffic over a fixed-bandwidth channel." This patent describes adjusting transmission parameters, such as power and data rate, based on a fixed channel bandwidth. [cite: Family Cites Families]
5. US20020184645A1 (Austin, published December 5, 2002): "Measurement of quality of service." This reference discusses various Quality of Service (QoS) metrics in communication systems, including delay, which is a key component of message latency. [cite: Citations]
6. Guimaraes, Dayan Adionel (December 9, 2006): "Contributions to the Understanding of the MSK Modulation." This publication provides details on Minimum Shift Keying (MSK) modulation, a specific modulation type mentioned as potentially suitable in US11516694. [cite: Non-Patent Citations]

Obviousness Analysis of Independent Claims (Claims 1, 8, and 13)

The independent claims (Claims 1, 8, and 13) of US11516694 center on a system and method for low-latency wireless messaging, particularly involving ionospheric High Frequency (HF) transmission, message encoding for latency reduction, and determining transmission parameters based on both message latency and predefined channel bandwidth.

Combination: ITU-R P.533-10, US20020122468A1, US20020164027A1, US5982813A, US20020184645A1, and Guimaraes.

A PHOSITA in wireless communication, particularly those specializing in HF radio systems and data optimization, would have found the claimed inventions obvious by combining the teachings of these references by July 24, 2012. The pervasive commercial motivation for low-latency communication, especially for high-frequency trading (HFT) as explicitly noted in the patent, would drive a PHOSITA to combine existing techniques to minimize delays. [cite: US11516694B1, Description]

1. Claim 1: A method for ionospheric Radio Frequency (RF) transmission of a message in a High Frequency (HF) band to a remote receiving device.

• "receiving a request to transmit a particular message to the remote receiving device;"

  • This is a fundamental and well-known step in any communication system. Wireless communication networks broadly teach receiving messages for transmission, as exemplified by prior art like US6104712A, "Wireless communication network including plural migratory access nodes" [cite: Citations]. It would be obvious to a PHOSITA to initiate a communication by receiving a message.

• "encoding the particular message using a format derived to effect message latency into an encoded message for transmission on a frequency in an ionospheric HF frequency band, wherein the encoded message is known a priori to the remote receiving device as corresponding to the particular message, and wherein the encoded message is smaller than the particular message;"

  • Ionospheric HF frequency band transmission: The use of the HF spectrum for long-distance communication via ionospheric propagation was well-established. ITU-R P.533-10 provides detailed methods for predicting the performance of "HF circuits," directly addressing ionospheric transmission [cite: Non-Patent Citations]. US20020122468A1 (Leathrum) further teaches "CDMA application in HF modems," confirming the use of HF for data communication [cite: Citations].
  • Encoding for latency reduction (smaller message) and a priori knowledge: Reducing message size to decrease transmission time (i.e., message latency) is a known technique in data compression. US20020164027A1 (Stephenson) teaches "Compression for asymmetric data links" to improve transmission efficiency, which inherently reduces the time required to transmit the message [cite: Citations]. The concept that an encoded message is "known a priori to the remote receiving device" is an inherent requirement for any successful data compression or coding scheme, enabling the receiver to properly decode the message. This is explicitly recognized in the patent itself [cite: US11516694B1, Description].
  • Motivation: A PHOSITA seeking to improve speed and efficiency over established HF ionospheric links (as taught by ITU-R P.533-10 and Leathrum) would be motivated to incorporate data compression techniques (as taught by Stephenson) to reduce message size and thus message latency. The shared knowledge of the encoding scheme is a basic principle for implementing such compression.

• "determining transmission parameters for transmission of the encoded message in the ionospheric HF frequency band based at least on (a) message latency and on (b) a predefined channel bandwidth;"

  • Determining transmission parameters based on predefined channel bandwidth: Adaptive communication systems that adjust parameters based on channel characteristics are common. US5982813A (Wong) teaches "Demand-based power and data rate adjustments to a transmitter to optimize channel capacity and power usage with respect to data transmission traffic over a fixed-bandwidth channel" [cite: Family Cites Families]. This directly discloses determining transmission parameters (power, data rate) based on a "fixed-bandwidth channel," which is equivalent to a "predefined channel bandwidth."
  • Determining transmission parameters based on message latency: Optimizing communication for performance metrics like latency is a known goal in communication system design. US20020184645A1 (Austin) teaches "Measurement of quality of service," including network delay, which directly relates to message latency [cite: Citations]. Furthermore, the detailed description of US11516694 discusses calculating time-of-flight (a major component of propagation latency) based on various factors, including carrier frequency and elevation angle [cite: US11516694B1, Description]. Such calculations are implicitly or explicitly found in resources like ITU-R P.533-10, which provides methods for predicting HF circuit performance. The patent also lists specific modulation types (MSK, OOK, PSK, etc.) as transmission parameters [cite: US11516694B1, Description], and Guimaraes specifically discusses MSK modulation [cite: Non-Patent Citations].
  • Motivation: Given that HF ionospheric channels (from ITU-R P.533-10 and Leathrum) are dynamic and subject to bandwidth limitations, a PHOSITA would be motivated to adapt transmission parameters to achieve optimal performance. Wong provides the framework for adjusting parameters based on bandwidth. Recognizing the critical importance of minimizing delay (latency) in applications like HFT, as acknowledged in the patent, a PHOSITA would find it obvious to use message latency (as a QoS metric, per Austin) as an explicit basis for determining transmission parameters, alongside channel bandwidth constraints. This is a common engineering trade-off for optimizing communication systems.

• "transmitting the encoded message over the frequency in the ionospheric HF frequency band using the determined transmission parameters."

  • This step is the direct application of the determined parameters (frequency, modulation, power, etc.) for transmission over the specified HF ionospheric band, a conventional function of any HF radio system (e.g., using HF modems as in Leathrum) [cite: Citations].

2. Claim 8: A device for transmitting messages to a remote receiving device.

This claim defines a device (comprising at least one memory and at least one processing circuit) configured to perform the method steps outlined in Claim 1. Since the method steps of Claim 1 are obvious in view of the prior art, it would be obvious to a PHOSITA to implement these steps using standard computing and communication hardware. The architecture of such devices for wireless communication is widely known, as seen in general wireless communication frameworks (e.g., US20050203673A1, "Wireless communication framework") [cite: Family Cites Families]. The "front end unit," "controller," and "transmitter" described in US11516694 are functional blocks that a PHOSITA would implement using conventional processors, memory, and radio components.

3. Claim 13: A device, comprising: at least one memory and at least one processing circuit, wherein the at least one memory and the at least one processing circuit are respectively configured to store and execute instructions for causing the device to perform operations for transmitting messages to a recipient device.

This claim is substantially similar to Claim 8, with the primary difference being that the device "receives an encoded message" rather than performing the initial encoding itself. This distinction does not introduce a non-obvious feature. A PHOSITA would understand that a device transmitting messages could either perform the encoding internally or receive already encoded messages for transmission. The underlying principles of low-latency encoded messages, ionospheric HF transmission, and parameter determination based on latency and bandwidth remain the same, and these aspects are rendered obvious by the combination of prior art discussed for Claim 1.

Motivation for a PHOSITA to Combine the References:

The overarching motivation for a PHOSITA to combine these prior art references would be to develop more efficient, faster, and reliable long-distance wireless communication systems, especially for applications where latency is critical. The patent itself highlights the immense value of even microseconds of latency reduction in fields like High Frequency Trading (HFT) [cite: US11516694B1, Description]. Given this strong commercial imperative, a PHOSITA would be driven to:

• Utilize established long-distance HF ionospheric communication techniques (ITU-R P.533-10, Leathrum).
• Employ known data compression methods (Stephenson) to reduce the message size and thus improve transmission speed.
• Implement adaptive transmission parameter determination (Wong) to efficiently use bandwidth, and extend this adaptation to explicitly minimize latency (Austin's QoS metrics), as these are common, often conflicting, optimization goals in wireless communication.
• Select appropriate modulation schemes (Guimaraes) compatible with HF channels and desired data rates.

The combination of these known elements to solve known problems (latency and bandwidth constraints in wireless communication) for a well-understood commercial need (high-speed data transfer, e.g., for HFT) would have been obvious to a PHOSITA at the time of the invention.