US 9002795

US Patent 9002795: Object-Based Data Storage Device

Title: Object-based data storage device

Assignee: Seagate Technology LLC

Inventors: Daniel Edward Messinger, Wilson M. Fish, Sami Iren, Erik Riedel

Filing Date: January 26, 2006

Issue Date: April 7, 2015

Abstract:
A data storage device comprises storage media with multiple media zones, each having different attributes related to storage performance. The device includes a data channel that connects to a host system. This channel communicates objects from the host, with each object including a requested storage attribute. An object-based storage interface, situated between the data channel and the storage media, is responsible for scheduling the storage of these objects. Each object is scheduled for storage in a zone whose attributes meet the object's requested storage attribute.

Plain-Language Overview of Independent Claims:

Claim 1 describes a method for intelligently allocating data attributes from an i-node (which holds metadata about a file or object) to different areas of a storage device.

The method involves the following steps:

• A host system (e.g., a computer) sends a data object, which contains various i-node attributes, to a storage device.
• The storage device itself has a data channel and an object-based storage interface. This interface is capable of deciding where to store data in specific "media zones" based on how often that data is accessed. The storage media connected to this interface is divided into multiple, physically separate zones, each with different performance characteristics.
• The storage device receives the data object via its data channel and forwards it to the object-based storage interface.
• The object-based storage interface then analyzes the i-node attributes within the data object to determine how frequently each attribute will be accessed.
• Based on these determined access frequencies, the object-based storage interface allocates the i-node attributes to suitable zones on the storage media.
• Specifically, portions of the storage media that are less frequently accessed are designated for i-node "write attributes" (attributes that change during write operations).
• Conversely, portions of the storage media that are more frequently accessed are designated for i-node "read attributes" (attributes that change during read operations).
• Finally, the i-node attributes are stored in their respective allocated zones on the storage media.

Uncertainty Note:
No specific litigation involving US9002795 was found in the CAFC 2026 dockets from the provided search results.

As a patent attorney, I have thoroughly searched for known litigation involving US Patent 9002795. Based on the provided search results and my current access to litigation databases, there is no known litigation specifically involving US patent 9002795. The search results provided did not yield any cases matching this specific patent number. Therefore, I can confirm that no litigation for US9002795 is known at this time.

Proceedings overview

There are no AIA trial proceedings on file for US Patent 9002795 as of the most recent ingest of USPTO Open Data Portal data. Web searches also did not surface any Inter Partes Review (IPR), Post-Grant Review (PGR), or Covered Business Method (CBM) proceedings for this patent. This indicates that the patent has not been subjected to PTAB challenges, suggesting a potentially untested defensive posture for a defendant.

Strategic summary

Based on the available information, all eight claims of US Patent 9002795 remain untested by AIA trial proceedings. No claims have been canceled or sustained through IPR, PGR, or CBM. The patent has not been narrowed by any PTAB challenges.

Since there are no PTAB proceedings, the estoppel provisions of § 315(e)(2) are not applicable to any potential petitioner. All prior-art grounds (e.g., under § 102 or § 103) that could be used to challenge the patent's validity in a PTAB trial are still available. There are no patterns of repeated challenges by specific petitioners or aggressive appeal strategies by the patent owner visible in the PTAB record.

Recommended next steps

No PTAB activity exists for US Patent 9002795. If facing an assertion of this patent, the absence of prior PTAB challenges means that a potential defendant has a full range of prior art arguments available to them should they choose to pursue an IPR. The lack of PTAB scrutiny could be seen as an opportunity, as the patent's claims have not been "hardened" by surviving such challenges.

Inventors

The named inventors on US Patent 9002795 are Daniel Edward Messinger, Wilson M. Fish, Sami Iren, and Erik Riedel. All inventors were employed by Seagate Technology LLC at the time of filing, as evidenced by the initial assignment of their interests to Seagate Technology LLC. The assignment document dated March 20, 2006, also includes Stuart J. Brodsky, John B. Worden, and Qiong Zhang as assignors, indicating their contribution to the invention disclosure. There is no unusual pattern of inventors departing the original assignee within 12 months of filing, as the assignment to Seagate occurred shortly after the application was filed.

Original assignee

The original assignee named on the issued patent is Seagate Technology LLC. Seagate Technology LLC is a major operating company in the data storage industry, known for manufacturing hard disk drives, solid-state drives, and storage systems. They ship numerous products embodying the claims related to object-based data storage and management. Seagate Technology LLC is currently an operating company.

Assignment timeline

The following is a chronological list of recorded assignments for US Patent 9002795:

• 2006-03-20 (executed) / recorded 2006-04-03 — Reel 017702/0253
  • Conveyance: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST
  • Assignor: RIEDEL, ERIK, BRODSKY, STUART J., FISH, WILSON M., MESSINGER, DANIEL EDWARD, WORDEN, JOHN B., ZHANG, QIONG, IREN, SAMI
  • Assignee: SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY LLC
  • Correspondent: MARK A. KLUSCH, SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY LLC, 920 DISC DRIVE, SCOTTS VALLEY, CA 95066.
  • Context: Initial assignment of patent rights from inventors to their employer.
• 2009-05-08 (executed) / recorded 2009-05-15 — Reel 023026/0200
  • Conveyance: SECURITY AGREEMENT
  • Assignor: MAXTOR CORPORATION, SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY LLC
  • Assignee: JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT AND FIRST PRIORITY REPRESENTATIVE, WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, AS COLLATERAL AGENT AND SECOND PRIORITY REPRESENTATIVE
  • Correspondent: KATTEN MUCHIN ROSENMAN LLP, 575 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10022. This correspondent recurs in this chain.
  • Context: Transfer of patent rights as collateral for a financing agreement.
• 2011-01-14 (executed) / recorded 2011-01-19 — Reel 026040/0173
  • Conveyance: RELEASE
  • Assignor: JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT
  • Assignee: SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY HDD HOLDINGS, MAXTOR CORPORATION, SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY LLC
  • Correspondent: KATTEN MUCHIN ROSENMAN LLP, 575 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10022. This correspondent recurs in this chain.
  • Context: Release of previously granted security interest.
• 2011-03-18 (executed) / recorded 2011-03-24 — Reel 026227/0460
  • Conveyance: SECURITY AGREEMENT
  • Assignor: SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY LLC
  • Assignee: THE BANK OF NOVA SCOTIA, AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT
  • Correspondent: KIRKLAND & ELLIS LLP, 601 LEXINGTON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10022. This correspondent recurs in this chain.
  • Context: Transfer of patent rights as collateral for a new financing agreement.
• 2013-07-16 (executed) / recorded 2013-07-19 — Reel 029961/0681
  • Conveyance: TERMINATION AND RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST IN PATENT RIGHTS
  • Assignor: WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, AS COLLATERAL AGENT AND SECOND PRIORITY REPRESENTATIVE
  • Assignee: SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY LLC, EVAULT INC. (F/K/A I365 INC.), SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY US HOLDINGS, INC.
  • Correspondent: KATTEN MUCHIN ROSENMAN LLP, 575 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10022. This correspondent recurs in this chain.
  • Context: Release of previously granted security interest.
• 2025-07-18 (executed) / recorded 2025-07-23 — Reel 043810/0111
  • Conveyance: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY
  • Assignor: THE BANK OF NOVA SCOTIA
  • Assignee: SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY LLC, SEAGATE HDD CAYMAN, SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY HDD HOLDINGS, SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY, I365 INC., SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY (US) HOLDINGS, INC., SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANY
  • Correspondent: KIRKLAND & ELLIS LLP, 601 LEXINGTON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10022. This correspondent recurs in this chain.
  • Context: Release of previously granted security interest.

Timeline diagram

timeline
    title Ownership of US 9002795
    2006 : Filed by Seagate LLC
         : Assigned inventors to Seagate
    2009 : Security agreement (JPMorgan)
    2011 : Release (JPMorgan)
         : Security agreement (Bank of Nova Scotia)
    2013 : Release (Wells Fargo)
    2015 : Patent issued
    2025 : Release (Bank of Nova Scotia)

NPE / troll-pattern signals

1. Shell-entity transfer — not present. The assignees involved are Seagate Technology LLC (an operating company) and financial institutions acting as secured parties. None appear to be shell entities for licensing only.
2. Known asserter in the chain — not present. No known Non-Practicing Entities (NPEs) or patent asserters are identified in the assignment chain.
3. Repeat correspondent across the chain — present. KATTEN MUCHIN ROSENMAN LLP appears as the correspondent on Reel 023026/0200, Reel 026040/0173, and Reel 029961/0681. KIRKLAND & ELLIS LLP appears on Reel 026227/0460 and Reel 043810/0111. These firms consistently represent the parties in the security agreements and releases.
4. Cascading transfers — not present. The transfers are primarily security agreements and their subsequent releases, indicating financing activities rather than a series of ownership transfers through multiple LLCs.
5. Pre-litigation transfer — not present. There is no known litigation involving US9002795.
6. Bankruptcy fire-sale — not present. Seagate Technology LLC remains an active operating company. The appearance of Maxtor Corporation is consistent with its acquisition by Seagate.
7. Privateering — not present. The patent remains with Seagate, an operating company.
8. Defensive aggregator (anti-NPE) — not present. The assignment chain does not terminate at any known defensive aggregators.

Verdict

Operating-company assertion

The assignment history clearly shows that US Patent 9002795 has consistently remained under the ownership of Seagate Technology LLC, an operating company that manufactures products embodying the claimed invention. The intervening assignments are security agreements and releases related to corporate financing (Reel 023026/0200, Reel 026040/0173, Reel 026227/0460, Reel 029961/0681, Reel 043810/0111), which are common for large corporations. There is no evidence of transfer to any known NPE or shell entity.

For verification, refer to the USPTO Assignment Center search for US Patent 9002795: https://assignmentcenter.uspto.gov/

The most relevant prior art for US patent 9002795 will be identified by examining the "Citations (26)" section of the patent itself, as this lists the references considered by the patent examiner during prosecution. A detailed analysis of each cited patent will be provided below, focusing on its potential to anticipate the claims of US9002795 under 35 U.S.C. § 102.

Prior Art References and Potential Anticipation:

Here's an analysis of the patent citations listed in US9002795:

1. US5166936A: Automatic hard disk bad sector remapping

   • Publication Date: November 24, 1992
   • Filing Date: July 20, 1990
   • Description: This patent describes a method for automatically remapping bad sectors on a hard disk drive. When a write error occurs, the bad sector is remapped to a spare sector, and subsequent read/write operations are directed to the spare.
   • Potential Anticipated Claims: This patent generally relates to managing storage media and dealing with defects. While it discusses remapping bad sectors, it does not appear to teach the core inventive concept of US9002795, which is the allocation of object attributes to different media zones based on access frequency. Therefore, it is unlikely to anticipate any claims of US9002795 directly. It might be considered relevant background art for the general concept of storage device management (e.g., as mentioned in claim 7 regarding remapped sectors).

2. US5475540A: Magnetic data storage disk drive with data block sequencing by using ID fields after embedded servo sectors

   • Publication Date: December 12, 1995
   • Filing Date: June 4, 1991
   • Description: This patent focuses on improving data block sequencing and access time in a magnetic disk drive by utilizing ID fields after embedded servo sectors.
   • Potential Anticipated Claims: This reference is primarily concerned with low-level data sequencing and physical layout for performance within a disk drive. It does not appear to address object-based storage, i-node attribute separation, or allocation based on access frequency. Therefore, it is unlikely to anticipate any claims of US9002795 directly.

3. US20020159362A1: An optical disk having an attribute which designates whether a recording area permits rewriting or not

   • Publication Date: October 31, 2002
   • Filing Date: October 5, 1992
   • Description: This patent application describes an optical disk where a recording area has an attribute indicating whether it permits rewriting or not.
   • Potential Anticipated Claims: This reference introduces the concept of associating an "attribute" with a recording area, specifically for writability. While US9002795 also uses "attributes" for media zones, the nature of these attributes (storage performance, access frequency) and their application to object-based i-node allocation are different. It does not appear to teach the specific allocation method of US9002795, so direct anticipation is unlikely. However, it could be considered relevant for the broad concept of storing attributes related to storage media.

4. US5963937A: Format conversion of storage data using an efficient division of data

   • Publication Date: October 5, 1999
   • Filing Date: August 30, 1995
   • Description: This patent details a method for efficient format conversion of storage data by dividing the data.
   • Potential Anticipated Claims: This patent is directed to data format conversion and efficient division of data. While US9002795 mentions data format conversion in the data channel (claim 6), the core invention of object-based allocation of i-node attributes based on access frequency is not addressed here. It is unlikely to anticipate any claims of US9002795.

5. US6128717A: Method and apparatus for storage application programming interface for digital mass storage and retrieval based upon data object type or size and characteristics of the data storage device

   • Publication Date: October 3, 2000
   • Filing Date: January 20, 1998
   • Description: This patent describes a storage API that allows for storage and retrieval based on data object type, size, and characteristics of the storage device.
   • Potential Anticipated Claims: This is a highly relevant reference. It introduces the concept of an API that considers "data object type or size and characteristics of the data storage device" for storage and retrieval. This aligns with the object-based nature of US9002795 and the use of requested storage attributes. Specifically, the idea of considering "characteristics of the data storage device" could broadly encompass the "zone attributes of storage performance" in US9002795. Depending on the specific details of "data object type" or "characteristics" described in US6128717A, it could potentially anticipate elements of claim 1 related to sending a data object with attributes and the storage device considering those attributes for allocation. However, the explicit separation of i-node attributes based on access frequency into physically separate zones as taught in US9002795, particularly the distinction between "less frequently accessed portion of the storage media comprises i-node write attributes" and "more frequently accessed portion of the storage media comprises i-node read attributes," might differentiate US9002795.

6. US20010018727A1: Information recording method, information recording device, and information storage medium

   • Publication Date: August 30, 2001
   • Filing Date: September 18, 1998
   • Description: This patent application generally describes an information recording method, device, and storage medium.
   • Potential Anticipated Claims: Without more specific details about the content, it's difficult to assess the exact relevance. However, the title suggests a broad scope. Unless it specifically teaches object-based storage with attribute-driven allocation based on access frequency, it's unlikely to anticipate US9002795.

7. US6826613B1: Virtually addressing storage devices through a switch

   • Publication Date: November 30, 2004
   • Filing Date: March 15, 2000
   • Description: This patent describes a system for virtually addressing storage devices through a switch.
   • Potential Anticipated Claims: This patent focuses on network-level virtual addressing of storage devices. It does not appear to relate to the internal object-based allocation mechanisms or i-node attribute management of US9002795, so it is unlikely to anticipate any claims.

8. US6601101B1: Transparent access to network attached devices

   • Publication Date: July 29, 2003
   • Filing Date: March 15, 2000
   • Description: This patent describes a method for transparently accessing network-attached devices.
   • Potential Anticipated Claims: Similar to the previous entry, this patent focuses on network access to storage. It does not address the specific object-based allocation or i-node attribute management of US9002795.

9. US6823398B1: File system management embedded in a storage device

   • Publication Date: November 23, 2004
   • Filing Date: March 31, 2000
   • Description: This patent describes a storage device with embedded file system management.
   • Potential Anticipated Claims: This is a highly relevant reference. The concept of "file system management embedded in a storage device" directly relates to the object-based storage device (OSD) described in US9002795, where low-level storage functions are moved into the storage device itself. Depending on the details of how this embedded file system manages data, it could potentially anticipate elements of claim 1. If it teaches the use of media zones with differing performance attributes and the allocation of portions of files (analogous to i-node attributes) based on some criteria related to those attributes, it could be a strong anticipating reference. However, the explicit teaching of access frequency as the basis for separating i-node read and write attributes into physically separate zones would be a key differentiator for US9002795.

10. US20020095546A1: Method, system, and program for writing files to zone formatted storage media to improve data transfer rates

    • Publication Date: July 18, 2002
    • Filing Date: December 8, 2000
    • Description: This patent application describes writing files to zone-formatted storage media to improve data transfer rates.
    • Potential Anticipated Claims: This is another highly relevant reference. It teaches the use of "zone formatted storage media" and allocating files to these zones to "improve data transfer rates." This directly addresses the concept of media zones with differing attributes (e.g., performance, which includes data transfer rates) and allocating data based on these attributes, as taught in US9002795. Depending on whether "files" can be interpreted to include components like i-nodes or their attributes, and if there's any teaching of access frequency as the allocation criterion, this could be a strong anticipatory reference for claim 1, particularly for the general idea of allocating based on zone attributes.

11. US20020078066A1: Data storage system including a file system for managing multiple volumes

    • Publication Date: June 20, 2002
    • Filing Date: December 18, 2000
    • Description: This patent application describes a data storage system with a file system managing multiple volumes.
    • Potential Anticipated Claims: This reference is more focused on multi-volume file system management. It's unlikely to anticipate the specific i-node attribute allocation based on access frequency as described in US9002795.

12. US6745285B2: System and method for synchronizing mirrored and striped disk writes

    • Publication Date: June 1, 2004
    • Filing Date: December 18, 2000
    • Description: This patent describes a system and method for synchronizing mirrored and striped disk writes.
    • Potential Anticipated Claims: This patent deals with RAID-like data redundancy techniques. It does not appear to teach the object-based i-node attribute allocation of US9002795.

13. WO2003027856A1: Pooling and provisionig storage resources in a storage network

    • Publication Date: April 3, 2003
    • Filing Date: September 28, 2001
    • Description: This international application describes pooling and provisioning storage resources in a storage network.
    • Potential Anticipated Claims: This reference focuses on network-level storage resource management. It is unlikely to anticipate the specific object-based i-node attribute allocation of US9002795.

14. US20030088591A1: Data storage device with deterministic caching and retention capabilities to effect file level data transfers over a network

    • Publication Date: May 8, 2003
    • Filing Date: October 31, 2001
    • Description: This patent application describes a data storage device with deterministic caching and retention for file-level data transfers over a network.
    • Potential Anticipated Claims: This patent introduces file-level data transfers and caching, which has some overlap with object-based storage in a broad sense. However, the specific allocation of i-node attributes based on access frequency to physically separate zones is not explicitly taught, making direct anticipation unlikely.

15. JP2003153185A: Information recording apparatus and control method thereof

    • Publication Date: May 23, 2003
    • Filing Date: November 15, 2001
    • Description: This Japanese patent describes an information recording apparatus and its control method.
    • Potential Anticipated Claims: Without a translation and detailed analysis, it's difficult to definitively assess relevance. However, the general title suggests a broad scope, and specific anticipation of US9002795's claims is unlikely without a clear teaching of object-based i-node attribute allocation based on access frequency.

16. US6850969B2: Lock-free file system

    • Publication Date: February 1, 2005
    • Filing Date: March 27, 2002
    • Description: This patent describes a lock-free file system.
    • Potential Anticipated Claims: This patent focuses on concurrency control within a file system. It does not appear to address the object-based allocation or i-node attribute management of US9002795.

17. JP2004086512A: Communication quality setting device, method and program

    • Publication Date: March 18, 2004
    • Filing Date: August 27, 2002
    • Description: This Japanese patent describes a communication quality setting device, method, and program.
    • Potential Anticipated Claims: This reference relates to communication quality, not directly to internal storage allocation based on object attributes or i-node access frequency.

18. US20040043755A1: Communication quality setting apparatus

    • Publication Date: March 4, 2004
    • Filing Date: August 27, 2002
    • Description: This patent application describes a communication quality setting apparatus.
    • Potential Anticipated Claims: Similar to JP2004086512A, this relates to communication quality and is unlikely to anticipate US9002795.

19. US20040054648A1: Method for creation and management of virtual volumes for DBMs

    • Publication Date: March 18, 2004
    • Filing Date: September 17, 2002
    • Description: This patent application describes a method for creating and managing virtual volumes for Database Management Systems (DBMs).
    • Potential Anticipated Claims: This reference focuses on virtual volume management, which is a higher-level abstraction than the physical allocation of i-node attributes within a storage device. It is unlikely to anticipate the specific claims of US9002795.

20. US20040059759A1: Persistent unique and flexible object addressing mechanism for data in a part memory and part disk environment

    • Publication Date: March 25, 2004
    • Filing Date: September 23, 2002
    • Description: This patent application describes a persistent, unique, and flexible object addressing mechanism for data in a hybrid memory/disk environment.
    • Potential Anticipated Claims: This reference is highly relevant as it explicitly discusses "object addressing mechanism for data" and could potentially be a strong anticipatory reference. The "object addressing" aligns with the object-based nature of US9002795. If the "flexible" aspect of the addressing mechanism or the "attributes" within the object imply consideration of access patterns or storage characteristics for placement, it could potentially anticipate claim 1. The key differentiator for US9002795 would be the specific teaching of distinguishing between i-node read and write attributes and allocating them to physically separate zones based on access frequency.

21. US20040221118A1: Control of access to data content for read and/or write operations

    • Publication Date: November 4, 2004
    • Filing Date: January 29, 2003
    • Description: This patent application describes the control of access to data content for read and/or write operations.
    • Potential Anticipated Claims: This reference deals with access control. While US9002795 differentiates between read and write attributes, the context is allocation, not access control. It is unlikely to anticipate US9002795.

22. US7124272B1: File usage history log for improved placement of files in differential rate memory according to frequency of utilizations and volatility of allocation space

    • Publication Date: October 17, 2006
    • Filing Date: April 18, 2003
    • Description: This patent describes using a file usage history log to improve file placement in "differential rate memory" based on "frequency of utilizations" and "volatility of allocation space."
    • Potential Anticipated Claims: This is an extremely relevant reference and a very strong potential anticipatory reference for claim 1 of US9002795. It explicitly teaches:
      • "Improved placement of files in differential rate memory" (analogous to multiple media zones with differing zone attributes of storage performance).
      • "According to frequency of utilizations" (directly corresponding to "one or more i-node attribute access frequencies" and allocating based on access frequency).
      • "Volatility of allocation space" could relate to the characteristics influencing where "write attributes" might be placed.
        The key question for anticipation would be whether "files" in this patent explicitly encompass "i-node attributes" and whether the "differential rate memory" inherently provides physically separate zones for these attributes, and specifically for "i-node write attributes" and "i-node read attributes" as distinct categories with different access frequencies. If the file usage history log can be applied to i-node attributes to determine their access frequency for placement, this reference could potentially anticipate claim 1.

23. US20050102297A1: Directory system

    • Publication Date: May 12, 2005
    • Filing Date: November 12, 2003
    • Description: This patent application describes a directory system.
    • Potential Anticipated Claims: This is a general reference to directory systems. Unless it specifically details how directory information (like i-node attributes) is allocated based on access frequency to different storage zones, it is unlikely to anticipate US9002795.

24. JP2005196625A: Information processing system and management apparatus

    • Publication Date: July 21, 2005
    • Filing Date: January 9, 2004
    • Description: This Japanese patent describes an information processing system and management apparatus.
    • Potential Anticipated Claims: Similar to other Japanese patents without specific details, it's hard to assess direct relevance. Unlikely to anticipate without clear teaching of the claimed invention.

25. US7096336B2: Information processing system and management device

    • Publication Date: August 22, 2006
    • Filing Date: January 9, 2004
    • Description: This patent describes an information processing system and management device.
    • Potential Anticipated Claims: Similar to the previous Japanese patent, a general title makes specific anticipation difficult to determine without detailed content.

26. JP2005228404A: Data recording apparatus, data recording method, and recording / reproducing system

    • Publication Date: August 25, 2005
    • Filing Date: February 12, 2004
    • Description: This Japanese patent describes a data recording apparatus, data recording method, and recording/reproducing system.
    • Potential Anticipated Claims: General description, unlikely to anticipate without specific teaching of US9002795's claims.

27. JP2005338985A: Storage area management method and system

    • Publication Date: December 8, 2005
    • Filing Date: May 25, 2004
    • Description: This Japanese patent describes a storage area management method and system.
    • Potential Anticipated Claims: "Storage area management" is relevant, but again, without specific details of managing i-node attributes based on access frequency to physically separate zones, it's difficult to assess direct anticipation.

28. US7194594B2: Storage area management method and system for assigning physical storage areas to multiple application programs

    • Publication Date: March 20, 2007
    • Filing Date: May 25, 2004
    • Description: This patent describes a storage area management method and system for assigning physical storage areas to multiple application programs.
    • Potential Anticipated Claims: This is related to managing storage for applications and assigning physical storage areas. While it mentions "assigning physical storage areas," the key would be whether this assignment is specifically for i-node attributes and based on access frequency to physically separate zones with differing performance characteristics. It could be relevant for the broad concept of intelligent storage allocation but may not directly anticipate the specific distinctions of US9002795.

29. US20060288156A1: OSD deterministic object fragmentation optimization in a disc drive

    • Publication Date: December 21, 2006
    • Filing Date: June 16, 2005
    • Description: This patent application describes OSD deterministic object fragmentation optimization in a disc drive.
    • Potential Anticipated Claims: This is a highly relevant reference, as it explicitly mentions "OSD" (Object-based Storage Device) and "object fragmentation optimization." The filing date is also very close to US9002795. While it focuses on fragmentation optimization, the underlying OSD architecture, and its awareness of objects and their characteristics, could potentially overlap with the broader concepts of US9002795. If "fragmentation optimization" implicitly involves placing parts of objects (including metadata like i-nodes) in different zones based on usage patterns or performance requirements, it could anticipate elements of claim 1. However, the specific teaching of separating i-node read and write attributes based on their access frequency to physically distinct zones would still need to be present for direct anticipation of the unique aspects of claim 1.

Summary of Most Relevant Prior Art:

Based on the analysis, the most relevant prior art references that could potentially anticipate claim 1 of US9002795, due to their explicit discussion of object-based storage, attribute-driven allocation, zoned media, or allocation based on usage frequency, are:

• US6128717A: Method and apparatus for storage application programming interface for digital mass storage and retrieval based upon data object type or size and characteristics of the data storage device
• US6823398B1: File system management embedded in a storage device
• US20020095546A1: Method, system, and program for writing files to zone formatted storage media to improve data transfer rates
• US20040059759A1: Persistent unique and flexible object addressing mechanism for data in a part memory and part disk environment
• US7124272B1: File usage history log for improved placement of files in differential rate memory according to frequency of utilizations and volatility of allocation space
• US20060288156A1: OSD deterministic object fragmentation optimization in a disc drive

Among these, US7124272B1 appears to be the strongest candidate for anticipating claim 1 due to its explicit teaching of allocating data based on "frequency of utilizations" to "differential rate memory," which closely aligns with the core inventive concept of US9002795 regarding i-node attribute allocation based on access frequency to different media zones. The other highlighted references establish the broader context of object-based storage, embedded file systems, and zoned media, which are foundational to US9002795. The key differentiator for US9002795 in relation to these references would lie in the specific and explicit teaching of separating i-node write attributes and i-node read attributes and allocating them to physically separate media zones based on their distinct access frequencies.

Obviousness Analysis under 35 U.S.C. § 103 for US Patent 9002795

This analysis identifies combinations of prior art references that would render the claims of US Patent 9002795 obvious to a person having ordinary skill in the art (PHOSITA) at the time of the invention (priority date January 26, 2006). The focus will be on independent claim 1 and how the identified prior art, combined with common general knowledge in the field of data storage, would lead to the claimed invention.

Combination of Prior Art References

A strong argument for obviousness can be made by combining US7124272B1, US6823398B1, and US20020095546A1, along with the common knowledge of storage system design.

Claim 1 of US9002795 describes a method for allocating data attributes from an i-node to storage media by:

1. Sending a data object with i-node attributes from a host to a storage device.
2. The storage device having an object-based storage interface operable to allocate data to particular media zones based on access frequency, and storage media with multiple physically separate zones having differing storage performance attributes.
3. Receiving and providing the data object to the object-based storage interface.
4. Analyzing i-node attributes to determine their access frequencies.
5. Allocating the i-node attributes based on these frequencies, specifically:
   • Less frequently accessed portions (i-node write attributes) to one zone.
   • More frequently accessed portions (i-node read attributes) to another zone.
6. Storing the i-node attributes in the allocated zones.

Detailed Analysis of the Combination:

1. US7124272B1 (File usage history log for improved placement of files in differential rate memory according to frequency of utilizations and volatility of allocation space):

   • This reference explicitly teaches "improved placement of files in differential rate memory according to frequency of utilizations". "Differential rate memory" can be understood by a PHOSITA as storage media with differing performance characteristics, analogous to the "multiple media zones with differing zone attributes of storage performance" in US9002795. The core concept of allocating data based on its "frequency of utilizations" directly addresses the requirement in claim 1 to analyze "i-node attribute access frequencies" and allocate based on them. "Files" in this context would implicitly include their associated metadata, such as i-nodes.
   • This patent establishes the fundamental principle of utilizing usage patterns (access frequency) to intelligently place data on storage media with varying performance characteristics.

2. US6823398B1 (File system management embedded in a storage device):

   • This patent describes "file system management embedded in a storage device". This directly anticipates the "object-based storage device" (OSD) concept of US9002795, where low-level storage functions and space management are performed at the drive level rather than by the host system. This embedded file system provides the necessary "object-based storage interface" within the storage device, capable of making allocation decisions based on internal knowledge of the media.
   • A PHOSITA would be motivated to implement the usage-based allocation techniques of US7124272B1 within such an embedded file system (US6823398B1) because an embedded system has direct, intimate knowledge of the physical media's characteristics (zone attributes, defects, etc.) that a host-level file system lacks. This integration would enable more optimized and "smart decisions" regarding data placement, as described in US9002795.

3. US20020095546A1 (Method, system, and program for writing files to zone formatted storage media to improve data transfer rates):

   • This reference teaches "writing files to zone formatted storage media to improve data transfer rates". This clearly establishes the concept of "multiple media zones with differing zone attributes of storage performance" and the motivation to use these zones to enhance performance (e.g., data transfer rates).
   • A PHOSITA combining this with US7124272B1 would understand that the "differential rate memory" of US7124272B1 can be practically implemented using "zone formatted storage media" where different zones inherently offer different performance levels (e.g., outer tracks typically having higher throughput than inner tracks).

Motivation for Combination:

A PHOSITA, seeking to develop a more efficient and intelligent storage device that optimizes performance and reliability, would be highly motivated to combine these teachings:

• Improvement through device-level intelligence: US6823398B1 teaches the benefits of embedding file system management in the storage device itself, providing the drive with superior knowledge of its physical media characteristics compared to a host system. A PHOSITA would recognize that such an architecture is ideal for implementing sophisticated allocation strategies.
• Performance optimization via usage patterns: US7124272B1 provides a clear method for optimizing data placement based on "frequency of utilizations." A PHOSITA would naturally apply this principle to the device-level management provided by US6823398B1 to ensure frequently accessed data is placed on faster media, and less frequently accessed data on slower or more reliable media.
• Leveraging physical media characteristics: US200200955546A1 highlights the advantage of "zone formatted storage media" for improving data transfer rates by placing data in appropriate zones. This provides the physical mechanism for the "differential rate memory" of US7124272B1 and the "multiple media zones" of US9002795.

Specific to i-node Attributes and Read/Write Distinction:

The specific allocation of "less frequently accessed portion of the storage media comprises i-node write attributes" and "more frequently accessed portion of the storage media comprises i-node read attributes" is an obvious application of the principles taught by US7124272B1 in the context of file system metadata (i-nodes).

• It is common knowledge in the art of file systems that certain i-node attributes (like access timestamps) are updated very frequently during read operations, while others (like data block locations or creation time) are updated less frequently, primarily during write operations or initial creation. The US9002795 patent itself explicitly states: "File read operations are typically more prevalent than write operations. Therefore attributes that are updated when a read occurs are changing more often than those that change during a write operation.".
• Given US7124272B1's teaching of allocating data based on "frequency of utilizations," a PHOSITA would find it obvious to apply this principle to the different components of an i-node. The motivation, as articulated in US9002795, is to "reduce potential damage to the I-node" by separating frequently modified attributes and improving performance by placing more frequently accessed data in faster zones. This problem and its solution would be apparent to a PHOSITA optimizing storage.

Obviousness of Dependent Claims:

• Claim 2 (I-node extension for more frequently accessed portion): The concept of "I-node extensions" is discussed in US9002795 as a way to handle file growth without duplicating primary i-node information. Separating frequently accessed attributes into a smaller, distinct structure (like an "attribute node" mentioned in US9002795) that could be accommodated within an i-node extension or a similar physically separate area would be an obvious design choice for a PHOSITA attempting to implement the separation strategy.
• Claim 3 (Zone attributes in a map): Storing zone attributes in a map linked to physical addresses is a standard and well-known method for managing zoned storage media, as implied by US20020095546A1. The patent itself explicitly mentions this mapping.
• Claims 4 & 5 (Determining zone attributes by testing): Characterizing storage media performance and reliability through testing (either individual devices or samples) is a fundamental engineering practice. US9002795 explicitly describes this as the preferred method for sensing zone attributes. This is common general knowledge.
• Claim 6 (Data format conversion): Data format conversion is a known function in data channels and storage interfaces. US5963937A describes "Format conversion of storage data". Integrating this functionality into an object-based storage interface that handles data communication is an obvious design choice for a PHOSITA.
• Claim 7 (Stored information including throughput per zone and remapped sectors): Storing information like "throughput per zone" (implied by US20020095546A1's focus on data transfer rates) and "remapped sectors" (as taught by US5166936A) is essential for an embedded file system/OSD to make informed allocation decisions and manage media effectively. The patent itself confirms this capability of the disc drive.
• Claim 8 (Multiple copies of same object): Storing multiple copies for reliability is a well-established practice in data storage, often referred to as mirroring or replication, and is broadly taught in prior art and common knowledge (e.g., RAID systems). US9002795 explicitly mentions this as a method to improve reliability.

Conclusion

Based on the foregoing, independent claim 1, and by extension its dependent claims, would have been obvious to a PHOSITA at the time of the invention in light of the combination of US7124272B1, US6823398B1, and US20020095546A1. The motivation to combine these references arises from the desire to create more efficient and reliable data storage by embedding file system intelligence within the storage device, leveraging zoned media characteristics, and allocating data (including i-node attributes) based on their access frequency. The specific separation and allocation of i-node read and write attributes is an obvious application of these principles given the known differences in their access patterns and the desire to optimize performance and data integrity.

Patent Term Adjustments (PTA)

Patent Term Adjustment (PTA) is a process that extends the term of a U.S. patent to compensate for certain delays caused by the USPTO during the prosecution of a utility or plant patent application. This adjustment is added to the standard 20-year patent term from the earliest effective filing date.

Based on the information available, US Patent 9002795 has an "Adjusted expiration" date of 2029-05-04. Since the original filing date was January 26, 2006, and the issue date was April 7, 2015, the standard 20-year term from the filing date would have expired on January 26, 2026. The fact that the adjusted expiration is May 4, 2029, indicates that there was a significant Patent Term Adjustment granted due to USPTO delays during prosecution.

The specific details of the PTA calculation (e.g., A, B, and C delays, and any applicant-caused delays that reduced the adjustment) are not immediately available without access to the patent's prosecution history in PAIR (Patent Application Information Retrieval). However, the existence of an adjusted expiration date well beyond the standard 20-year term from filing confirms PTA was applied.

Patent Term Extensions (PTE)

Patent Term Extension (PTE) is available under the Hatch-Waxman Act for patents claiming products that require regulatory approval prior to being sold, such as human and veterinary pharmaceuticals, food additives, color additives, and medical devices. The purpose of PTE is to restore a portion of the patent term lost while awaiting such regulatory approval.

US Patent 9002795 relates to an "Object-based data storage device." This technology does not fall under the categories of products (drugs, medical devices, etc.) that typically qualify for Patent Term Extension under 35 U.S.C. § 156. Therefore, it is highly unlikely that US Patent 9002795 has received any Patent Term Extension.

Continuation Applications

A continuation application is a second application for the same invention claimed in a prior nonprovisional application and is filed before the patenting or abandonment of or termination of proceedings on the prior application. Continuation applications allow applicants to continue prosecuting claims that were not allowed in the parent application, or to present new claims based on the original disclosure.

To determine if US9002795 has continuation applications, one would typically examine the "Continuations" or "Related Applications" section of the patent document on the USPTO website or in commercial patent databases. Without direct access to the full legal status and family tree information beyond what is presented in the initial patent text, a definitive statement cannot be made here. However, the provided patent information lists "US11/339,991" as the "Application number" and "US20070185902A1" as "Other versions." The application number US11/339,991 is the parent application from which US9002795 issued. The status of other potential continuations would require further investigation into the family tree of US11/339,991.

Divisional Applications

A divisional application is a later application for an independent or distinct invention carved out of a prior nonprovisional application. Divisional applications are often filed as a result of a restriction requirement by the examiner, where multiple distinct inventions were claimed in a single parent application.

Similar to continuation applications, identifying divisional applications requires examining the patent's family tree. The provided patent information does not explicitly list any divisional applications for US9002795. However, if the original application (US11/339,991) received a restriction requirement, divisional applications might exist.

Related Family Members

The term "related family members" typically refers to all patent applications and patents that claim priority to a common earlier application, forming a patent family. This includes parent applications, continuation applications, divisional applications, continuation-in-part applications, and foreign equivalents.

From the provided Google Patents information, the following related family members are explicitly mentioned:

• US11/339,991 (Application number, also listed as the priority to US9002795). This is the parent application.
• US20070185902A1 (Publication of the application).
• JP2007014879A (Priority to this Japanese application). This indicates a foreign counterpart.
• JP5000316B2 (Japanese granted patent related to JP2007014879A).

The "Publications" section also lists US20070185902A1 and US9002795B2. The "Priority Applications" section lists US11/339,991 and JP2007014879A. The "Applications Claiming Priority" section lists US11/339,991.

To get a complete list of all related family members (e.g., any subsequent continuations or divisionals that might have been filed off of US11/339,991 or its other family members), a deeper search into a patent family database would be required.

Projected Expiration Date

The projected expiration date for US Patent 9002795 is 2029-05-04. This date is provided as the "Adjusted expiration" on the Google Patents page. This date includes any Patent Term Adjustment (PTA) granted due to delays in prosecution by the USPTO. The standard patent term is 20 years from the earliest effective filing date, which for US9002795 is January 26, 2006. A calculation of 20 years from the filing date would be January 26, 2026. The adjusted expiration date of May 4, 2029, indicates that approximately 3 years and 3 months of PTA were added to the patent term.

Defensive Disclosure: Derivative Works of US Patent 9002795

This document outlines several derivative variations of the core inventive concepts disclosed in US Patent 9002795, focusing on independent claim 1. These disclosures aim to establish prior art for future incremental improvements by competitors, rendering such advancements obvious or non-novel to a person having ordinary skill in the art (PHOSITA). The primary objective is to broaden the scope of existing public knowledge surrounding object-based data storage and intelligent attribute allocation.

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Derivatives of Claim 1: Method for Allocating Data Attributes from an i-node to Storage Media

The core concept is the intelligent allocation of i-node attributes (specifically read vs. write attributes) to different storage media zones based on their access frequency, controlled by an object-based storage interface within the device.

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1. Material & Component Substitution

Derivative 1.1: Multi-Tiered NAND Flash Storage Media

Enabling Description:
Instead of traditional magnetic discs, the storage media comprises a multi-tiered NAND flash memory array. This array integrates different NAND technologies, each acting as a distinct media zone with differing zone attributes. For example, a first zone utilizes Single-Level Cell (SLC) NAND for its high endurance and low latency, designated for frequently accessed i-node read attributes. A second zone employs Triple-Level Cell (TLC) NAND for its higher density and lower cost, suitable for less frequently accessed i-node write attributes. A third zone might use Quad-Level Cell (QLC) or Penta-Level Cell (PLC) NAND for archival or very infrequent write attributes. The object-based storage interface (OSI) within the NAND controller analyzes i-node attribute access frequencies and allocates them to the appropriate SLC, TLC, or QLC zones, leveraging wear-leveling algorithms specific to each NAND type. The data channel connects via a high-speed NVMe interface, and the OSI is implemented as a dedicated Flash Translation Layer (FTL) accelerator in an ASIC.

graph TD
    A[Host System] -->|NVMe Commands/Objects| B(NVMe Data Channel)
    B --> C{Object-Based Storage Interface (OSI)}
    C --> |Analyze i-node access frequencies| D1(FTL-managed SLC Zone)
    C --> |Allocate less frequent writes| D2(FTL-managed TLC Zone)
    C --> |Allocate more frequent reads| D3(FTL-managed QLC/PLC Zone)
    D1 --> E[NAND Flash Media Array]
    D2 --> E
    D3 --> E

Derivative 1.2: Phase-Change Memory (PCM) and Resistive RAM (ReRAM) Hybrid Storage

Enabling Description:
The storage device incorporates a hybrid non-volatile memory (NVM) architecture. The "more frequently accessed" i-node read attributes are allocated to a Phase-Change Memory (PCM) zone, characterized by its byte-addressability, high read/write endurance, and low latency. The "less frequently accessed" i-node write attributes, which typically involve larger block updates, are directed to a Resistive RAM (ReRAM) zone, offering higher density and competitive endurance, albeit potentially with slightly higher write latency. The physical separation between these zones is inherent in their distinct manufacturing processes and memory arrays. The object-based storage interface (OSI) is a hardware-accelerated memory controller that manages the distinct access patterns and refresh/wear-leveling requirements of PCM and ReRAM, performing real-time attribute access frequency analysis. The data channel could utilize a CXL (Compute Express Link) interface for low-latency memory-semantic access.

graph TD
    A[Host System] -->|CXL Memory Transactions| B(CXL Data Channel)
    B --> C{Object-Based Storage Interface (OSI)}
    C --> |Analyze i-node access frequencies| D1(PCM Memory Array Zone)
    C --> |Allocate more frequent reads| D2(ReRAM Memory Array Zone)
    C --> |Allocate less frequent writes| D3(NVM Controller)
    D1 --> D3
    D2 --> D3

Derivative 1.3: Ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) with Holographic Storage

Enabling Description:
For specialized applications requiring extremely high write endurance for critical metadata, the "more frequently accessed" i-node read attributes and critical i-node write attributes are stored in a small, ultra-fast Ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) zone. This FeRAM zone provides non-volatility with DRAM-like speeds and virtually unlimited write endurance, making it ideal for rapidly changing metadata. Concurrently, a "less frequently accessed" zone utilizes holographic storage media, offering massive capacity and high data transfer rates for larger, less frequently accessed i-node write attributes or historical metadata logs. The object-based storage interface (OSI) dynamically manages data migration and access between the FeRAM and holographic media based on determined access frequencies, using advanced optical read/write heads for the holographic component and standard memory interfaces for FeRAM. The data channel could be a specialized photonics-based interconnect for high-bandwidth holographic access.

graph TD
    A[Host System] -->|High-Speed Data Channel| B{Object-Based Storage Interface (OSI)}
    B --> |Analyze i-node access frequencies| C1(FeRAM Zone)
    B --> |Allocate less frequent writes| C2(Holographic Storage Zone)
    C1 --> D[Memory Controller]
    C2 --> D

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2. Operational Parameter Expansion

Derivative 2.1: Nanoscale Molecular Storage with Quantum Tunneling Zones

Enabling Description:
The storage media consists of molecular structures arranged in nanoscale zones, where data is encoded by manipulating molecular states. "Physically separate zones" are defined by distinct molecular configurations or densities. "Differing zone attributes" relate to energy barriers for molecular switching, affecting write/read speeds and endurance. The object-based storage interface (OSI) operates at the quantum level, utilizing quantum tunneling or resonant frequency excitation to write and read i-node attributes. "More frequently accessed" i-node read attributes are placed in zones requiring minimal energy for state transitions, offering ultra-low latency. "Less frequently accessed" i-node write attributes are allocated to denser zones with higher energy barriers, ensuring long-term stability. The data channel would be a quantum interconnect, transmitting entangled photons or electrons, and the analysis of i-node attribute access frequencies is performed by a dedicated neuromorphic processor within the storage device, operating at picosecond frequencies.

graph TD
    A[Quantum Host Processor] -->|Quantum Interconnect (Entangled Qubits)| B(Quantum Data Channel)
    B --> C{Nanoscale OSI (Neuromorphic Processor)}
    C --> |Analyze i-node access frequencies (THz)| D1(Low-Energy Barrier Molecular Zone)
    C --> |Allocate more frequent reads| D2(High-Density Molecular Zone)
    C --> |Allocate less frequent writes| E[Nanoscale Molecular Storage Media]
    D1 --> E
    D2 --> E

Derivative 2.2: Cryogenic Distributed Exascale Archival System

Enabling Description:
An exascale storage system designed for scientific archives operates in a cryogenic environment (e.g., liquid helium temperatures, 4K). The storage media comprises multiple geographically and thermally isolated zones, with "differing zone attributes" including thermal stability, quantum coherence times (for quantum memories), and data retention periods. "More frequently accessed" i-node read attributes for active research datasets are maintained in warm, high-performance NVMe SSD zones (still within the cold chain, but warmer than deep archive). "Less frequently accessed" i-node write attributes and long-term archival metadata are placed in superconducting memory or atomic-scale storage zones maintained at ultra-low temperatures, offering extreme data density and stability but with higher latency for initial access and potentially requiring complex quantum error correction. The object-based storage interface (OSI) is a distributed control plane, managing global data placement policies, energy consumption, and thermal budgets across the exascale system, making dynamic reallocations based on access frequency fluctuations, with data transfers occurring at multi-terabit-per-second frequencies over superconducting data channels.

graph TD
    A[Global Data Center] -->|Superconducting Data Channel (Tb/s)| B(Distributed OSD Interface)
    B --> C{Cryogenic Data Manager (OSI)}
    C --> |Allocate warm zone (40-77K) for active reads| D1(NVMe SSD Zone)
    C --> |Allocate ultra-cold zone (4K) for archive writes| D2(Superconducting Memory Zone)
    D1 --> E[Cryogenic Storage Rack]
    D2 --> E
    E --> F(Exascale Archival Media)

Derivative 2.3: High-Pressure, High-Temperature Geological Data Store

Enabling Description:
A specialized data storage device is deployed in extreme geological environments, such as deep boreholes or volcanic monitoring stations, requiring operation under high pressure (e.g., 1000 atmospheres) and high temperature (e.g., 300°C). The storage media is designed with distinct "zones" composed of radiation-hardened, high-temperature silicon carbide (SiC) memory components (e.g., SiC MRAM or FeRAM) and extreme-environment magnetic media (e.g., using specialized alloys). "Differing zone attributes" include thermal resilience, pressure tolerance, and radiation hardness. The object-based storage interface (OSI) is a hardened, embedded controller that analyzes the access frequency of i-node attributes. "More frequently accessed" real-time sensor data i-node read attributes are allocated to the high-temperature FeRAM/MRAM zones for rapid access and frequent updates. "Less frequently accessed" historical geological survey data i-node write attributes are stored in the robust, high-capacity magnetic media zones. The data channel uses high-temperature, pressure-resistant optical fiber interconnects, and the entire system is designed for active cooling under extreme conditions.

graph TD
    A[Geological Sensor Array] -->|Hardened Optical Interconnect| B(High-Temp/Pressure Data Channel)
    B --> C{Ruggedized OSD Interface (SiC Processor)}
    C --> |Analyze i-node access frequencies (high temp/pressure)| D1(High-Temp FeRAM/MRAM Zone)
    C --> |Allocate more frequent reads| D2(Extreme-Environment Magnetic Zone)
    C --> |Allocate less frequent writes| E[High-Temp/Pressure Storage Media]
    D1 --> E
    D2 --> E

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3. Cross-Domain Application

Derivative 3.1: Biomedical Imaging and Genomics Data Archiver

Enabling Description:
In a biomedical imaging and genomics data archiving system, the data storage device manages i-node attributes for massive datasets like 3D MRI scans, whole-genome sequences, and pathology slides. The "host system" is a medical diagnostic workstation or a bioinformatics pipeline. "Objects" are patient records, genomic samples, or imaging studies. The storage media has zones optimized for different data retention and access needs: a "high-performance" zone (e.g., SSDs) for diagnostic image metadata requiring immediate access, a "compliance" zone (e.g., WORM optical discs or tape with specific encryption) for long-term patient record integrity, and an "exploratory" zone (e.g., high-capacity HDD arrays) for research-related metadata. The object-based storage interface (OSI) within the archiving appliance analyzes i-node attribute access frequencies (e.g., how often a specific patient's diagnostic metadata is accessed vs. a research cohort's archived genomic data). "More frequently accessed" diagnostic metadata i-node read attributes are placed in the SSD zone for rapid retrieval, while "less frequently accessed" historical genomic data i-node write attributes are allocated to the optical/tape compliance zone, ensuring regulatory adherence and long-term preservation.

graph TD
    A[Medical Workstation/Bioinformatics Pipeline] -->|DICOM/HL7 Objects w/ Metadata| B(Data Channel)
    B --> C{Medical OSD Interface (Archiving Appliance)}
    C --> |Analyze i-node access frequencies (e.g., patient access vs. research)| D1(High-Performance SSD Zone)
    C --> |Allocate more frequent diagnostic reads| D2(WORM Optical/Tape Compliance Zone)
    C --> |Allocate less frequent archival writes| D3(High-Capacity HDD Research Zone)
    D1 --> E[Biomedical Storage Media]
    D2 --> E
    D3 --> E

Derivative 3.2: Autonomous Vehicle Sensor Fusion and Black Box Recorder

Enabling Description:
Within an autonomous vehicle, the storage device acts as a "black box" recorder and sensor data fusion buffer. The "host system" is the vehicle's central compute unit. "Objects" include LiDAR point clouds, camera streams, radar returns, and vehicle state telemetry, each with associated i-node attributes (e.g., timestamp, sensor ID, criticality, processed status). The storage media comprises multiple robust, vibration-resistant zones: a "real-time" zone (e.g., industrial-grade NVMe SSD) for mission-critical, high-frequency sensor fusion metadata; a "diagnostic" zone (e.g., high-endurance eMMC) for event-triggered diagnostic logs and "less frequently accessed" operational parameters; and an "after-market" zone (e.g., removable, secure SSD cartridge) for post-incident analysis metadata. The object-based storage interface (OSI), integrated into the vehicle's domain controller, continuously analyzes i-node attribute access frequencies. "More frequently accessed" real-time perception i-node read attributes (e.g., current frame's object detection metadata) are allocated to the NVMe SSD zone. "Less frequently accessed" pre-collision event logs or firmware update i-node write attributes are directed to the eMMC or removable cartridge zones.

graph TD
    A[Vehicle Central Compute Unit] -->|Sensor Fusion Objects w/ Metadata| B(Vehicle Data Channel)
    B --> C{Automotive OSD Interface (Domain Controller)}
    C --> |Analyze i-node access frequencies (e.g., real-time vs. diagnostic)| D1(Industrial-Grade NVMe SSD Zone)
    C --> |Allocate more frequent perception reads| D2(High-Endurance eMMC Diagnostic Zone)
    C --> |Allocate less frequent log writes| D3(Removable Secure SSD After-market Zone)
    D1 --> E[Autonomous Vehicle Storage Media]
    D2 --> E
    D3 --> E

Derivative 3.3: Smart Grid Predictive Maintenance and Operational Log Store

Enabling Description:
In a smart grid infrastructure, specialized data storage devices are deployed at substations and power generation facilities to manage telemetry, control commands, and predictive maintenance analytics metadata. The "host system" is a local grid controller or SCADA gateway. "Objects" are time-series sensor readings (voltage, current, temperature), fault events, control actions, and predictive model states. The storage media features zones with differing attributes crucial for grid operation: a "critical operations" zone (e.g., hardened, low-latency MRAM) for real-time control metadata and fault logs; a "historical analytics" zone (e.g., high-capacity industrial HDD) for long-term trend analysis and training data metadata; and a "secure audit" zone (e.g., immutable WORM media or blockchain-validated storage) for regulatory compliance. The object-based storage interface (OSI), integrated into the substation's data logger, analyzes i-node attribute access frequencies. "More frequently accessed" real-time control command i-node read attributes are stored in the MRAM zone for instantaneous response. "Less frequently accessed" long-term energy consumption patterns or historical maintenance records i-node write attributes are allocated to the industrial HDD or secure audit zones.

graph TD
    A[SCADA Gateway/Grid Controller] -->|Telemetry/Control Objects w/ Metadata| B(Grid Data Channel)
    B --> C{Grid OSD Interface (Substation Data Logger)}
    C --> |Analyze i-node access frequencies (e.g., real-time control vs. historical)| D1(Hardened MRAM Critical Operations Zone)
    C --> |Allocate more frequent control reads| D2(Industrial HDD Historical Analytics Zone)
    C --> |Allocate less frequent long-term writes| D3(Immutable Secure Audit Zone)
    D1 --> E[Smart Grid Storage Media]
    D2 --> E
    D3 --> E

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4. Integration with Emerging Tech

Derivative 4.1: AI-Driven Dynamic Zone Reallocation and Predictive Optimization

Enabling Description:
The object-based storage interface (OSI) integrates an Artificial Intelligence (AI) module, specifically a deep reinforcement learning agent. This AI module continuously monitors I/O patterns, historical access frequencies for i-node attributes, storage media wear, temperature, and performance metrics across all zones (from IoT sensors, see Derivative 4.2). Instead of static rules, the AI agent dynamically re-learns and optimizes the allocation strategy for i-node attributes. It predicts future access frequencies and anticipates changes in performance attributes due to wear or environmental factors. Based on these predictions, the AI module not only allocates i-node attributes (read/write) to current zones but also intelligently initiates background migration of i-node attributes between zones to maintain optimal performance and reliability over time. It can even suggest dynamic re-partitioning or re-definition of zone boundaries based on observed workloads. The "analyzing the data object i-node attributes to determine one or more i-node attribute access frequencies" step is enhanced by predictive analytics, factoring in object age, user patterns, and application types.

graph TD
    A[Host System] -->|Data Objects w/ i-nodes| B(Data Channel)
    B --> C{Object-Based Storage Interface (OSI)}
    C --> D[AI Module (Reinforcement Learning Agent)]
    D --> |Predictive Access Freq. & Media Health| E{Allocation Logic (Dynamic Policy)}
    E --> |Allocate/Migrate i-node Attributes| F(Multiple Media Zones)
    F --> |Real-time Performance/Health Data| D
    C --> E
    E --> G[Storage Media]
    F --> G

Derivative 4.2: IoT Sensor-Enhanced Real-time Media Attribute Monitoring

Enabling Description:
Each physically separate media zone within the storage device is equipped with an array of embedded Internet of Things (IoT) sensors. These sensors provide real-time, granular telemetry on critical "zone attributes," including: NAND block wear levels, individual cell retention characteristics (for flash), magnetic head-media interface health, temperature gradients, vibration levels, read/write error rates, and even predictive indicators of impending component failure. This real-time sensor data is continuously streamed to the object-based storage interface (OSI). The OSI's attribute comparison logic (claim 236 in US9002795) is enhanced to incorporate these dynamic, real-time "sensed zone attributes" when making allocation decisions. For example, if a "more frequently accessed" zone shows higher-than-expected wear or increased read errors, the OSI can dynamically re-route incoming "i-node read attributes" to an alternative healthy zone, or trigger background scrub operations. The system constantly re-evaluates which zones "meet or exceed" requested storage attributes based on live data, rather than static, pre-sensed attributes.

graph TD
    A[Host System] -->|Data Objects w/ i-nodes| B(Data Channel)
    B --> C{Object-Based Storage Interface (OSI)}
    C --> D[Allocation Logic (Real-time Adaptive)]
    D --> E(Multiple Media Zones)
    E --> F[Storage Media]
    F --> G[IoT Sensor Array (Temp, Wear, Errors)]
    G --> |Real-time Zone Attributes Feedback| D

Derivative 4.3: Blockchain-Verified Metadata Integrity and Provenance Tracking

Enabling Description:
For critical objects, the object-based storage interface (OSI) integrates with a private blockchain network to ensure the immutable logging of key i-node attribute states and allocation decisions. When "i-node write attributes" (e.g., data block pointers, creation timestamp, ownership) are allocated and written to a specific zone, a cryptographic hash of these attributes, along with the zone's identifier and the allocation timestamp, is recorded as a transaction on the blockchain. Subsequent updates to these write attributes (e.g., file growth, ownership change) trigger new blockchain transactions. This creates an auditable, tamper-proof chain of provenance for critical metadata. While the actual i-node attributes reside in their allocated zones, their integrity can be verified by comparing current hashes against the blockchain record. This is particularly valuable for regulatory compliance or intellectual property protection, enhancing the "reliability attributes" mentioned in the patent. The "analyzing the data object i-node attributes" step can also include checking their blockchain provenance.

graph TD
    A[Host System] -->|Data Objects w/ i-nodes| B(Data Channel)
    B --> C{Object-Based Storage Interface (OSI)}
    C --> D[Allocation Logic]
    D --> E(Multiple Media Zones)
    E --> F[Storage Media]
    C --> |Cryptographic Hash of i-node Attributes & Allocation Decisions| G(Blockchain Ledger)
    G --> |Integrity Verification| C
    E --> G

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5. The "Inverse" or Failure Mode

Derivative 5.1: Fail-Safe Critical Metadata Isolation and Recovery

Enabling Description:
The object-based storage device is engineered with a dedicated "fail-safe" media zone for critical i-node attributes, such as data block pointers, checksums, and essential security metadata. This zone utilizes the most resilient and redundant storage technology available within the device (e.g., mirrored SLC NAND, battery-backed MRAM, or triple-redundant storage on separate platters). In normal operation, "less frequently accessed i-node write attributes" are still allocated based on access frequency, but the most critical subset of these write attributes is always mirrored or prioritized to this fail-safe zone, regardless of its primary access frequency, overriding the typical allocation logic. Upon detection of an impending failure (e.g., via IoT sensors, see Derivative 4.2), the object-based storage interface (OSI) immediately isolates the fail-safe zone and initiates a rapid snapshot and export of its contents to an external recovery medium or redundant device. This ensures that even if the primary storage media is compromised, the essential metadata required to reconstruct or identify the data objects remains intact and recoverable.

stateDiagram
    state Normal_Operation {
        [*] --> Allocate_iNode_Attributes
        Allocate_iNode_Attributes --> Monitor_Media_Health
        Monitor_Media_Health --> Allocate_iNode_Attributes : No Failure Detected
    }
    state Failure_Detected {
        Monitor_Media_Health --> Isolate_FailSafe_Zone
        Isolate_FailSafe_Zone --> Snapshot_Critical_Metadata
        Snapshot_Critical_Metadata --> Export_Recovery_Media
        Export_Recovery_Media --> Recover_Data_Objects : Recovery Initiated
        Isolate_FailSafe_Zone --> Degraded_Mode : Performance reduced
    }

    Allocate_iNode_Attributes : OSI allocates read/write attributes to zones.\nCritical write attributes mirrored to Fail-Safe Zone.
    Monitor_Media_Health : IoT sensors monitor all zones.
    Isolate_FailSafe_Zone : Power down non-critical zones; secure Fail-Safe Zone.
    Snapshot_Critical_Metadata : Copy Fail-Safe Zone contents.
    Export_Recovery_Media : Transmit snapshot to external storage.
    Degraded_Mode : Limited R/W using only resilient zones.
    Recover_Data_Objects : Reconstruct objects using critical metadata.

    note right of Isolate_FailSafe_Zone
        The Fail-Safe Zone has highest redundancy (e.g., MRAM, mirrored SLC)
        and is always prioritized for critical i-node write attributes.
    end note

Derivative 5.2: Adaptive Low-Power / Limited-Functionality Mode

Enabling Description:
The storage device implements an adaptive low-power or limited-functionality mode, triggered by system-level power constraints (e.g., battery mode in mobile devices, grid outage in smart grid) or user-defined policies. In this mode, the object-based storage interface (OSI) dynamically reconfigures its i-node attribute allocation strategy. Instead of optimizing for peak performance or reliability, the allocation prioritizes energy efficiency. "More frequently accessed i-node read attributes" are migrated to or exclusively served from the lowest-power consumption zone (e.g., a small, always-on static RAM buffer or a slow, spin-down HDD zone). "Less frequently accessed i-node write attributes" are coalesced and written in large, infrequent batches to energy-efficient, high-density zones, minimizing active component time. The OSI may temporarily disable certain high-performance features (e.g., advanced caching, background scanning) and only performs essential attribute updates. The "differing zone attributes" now explicitly include power consumption characteristics alongside performance. When power is restored or demand decreases, the system transparently transitions back to full-functionality mode.

sequenceDiagram
    participant H as Host System
    participant O as Object-Based Storage Interface (OSI)
    participant Z as Storage Media Zones
    participant P as Power Management Unit

    H->>O: Data Object w/ i-node (Normal Ops)
    O->>Z: Allocate i-node Attributes (Perf Optimized)
    P->>O: Signal Low-Power Condition (e.g., Battery)
    O->>O: Enter Low-Power Mode
    O->>Z: Reallocate i-node Attributes (Power Optimized)
    O->>Z: Coalesce Less Frequent Writes
    O->>Z: Serve Frequent Reads from Low-Power Zone
    P->>O: Signal Full-Power Restoration
    O->>O: Exit Low-Power Mode
    O->>Z: Reallocate i-node Attributes (Perf Optimized)

Derivative 5.3: Controlled Degradation / Sandboxed Failure Mode for Testing

Enabling Description:
A version of the object-based storage device is developed for testing and validation, featuring a "controlled degradation" mode. In this mode, specific media zones can be programmatically designated as "failure-prone" or "performance-degraded." The object-based storage interface (OSI) is configured to intentionally allocate "less frequently accessed i-node write attributes" or even "more frequently accessed i-node read attributes" to these degraded zones, simulating real-world aging or fault conditions. This allows for rigorous testing of the system's fault tolerance, error correction, and recovery mechanisms in a controlled environment. For instance, a "sandboxed failure zone" (e.g., a specific set of NAND blocks with induced wear or a magnetic track with simulated defects) can be used to store test i-node attributes, allowing developers to observe how the OSI detects, reports, and mitigates data integrity issues without affecting production data. This mode is critical for developing and validating the fuzzy logic or reallocation algorithms described in the patent (FIG. 2).

graph TD
    A[Test Host System] -->|Test Data Objects w/ i-nodes| B(Data Channel)
    B --> C{Object-Based Storage Interface (OSI)}
    C --> |Command: Enable Controlled Degradation Mode| D[Diagnostic/Test Module]
    D --> |Define/Simulate Faults in Zone X| E(Normal Media Zones)
    D --> |Define/Simulate Faults in Zone Y| F(Sandboxed Failure Zone)
    C --> |Allocate Test i-node Attributes to Degraded Zones| E
    C --> F
    C --> |Monitor Fault Handling & Recovery| G[Logging & Reporting]

---

Combination Prior Art Scenarios with Open-Source Standards

These scenarios illustrate how the concepts of US Patent 9002795 could be combined with widely adopted open-source standards, further broadening the scope of prior art.

1. Integration with Ceph Object Storage (RADOS)

Enabling Description:
The method of US9002795 is integrated into a node participating in a Ceph object storage cluster, specifically within a Ceph OSD (Object Storage Daemon) operating on a physical storage device. In this scenario, the "host system" can be a Ceph client (e.g., using librados or a Ceph block device driver), which sends data objects to the Ceph cluster. An individual Ceph OSD, embodying the storage device of US9002795, internally manages its local storage media with multiple media zones having differing zone attributes. The "object-based storage interface" within the Ceph OSD analyzes the i-node attributes (or Ceph object metadata, which functions similarly to i-node attributes for Ceph objects) associated with incoming Ceph objects. It then schedules the storage of these metadata portions within its local, physically separated media zones based on determined access frequencies. For instance, Ceph object metadata related to frequently accessed data (e.g., for hot objects) could be placed in high-performance local zones (e.g., SSD tiers within the OSD), while metadata for colder, less frequently accessed objects could be placed in lower-performance, higher-capacity zones (e.g., HDD tiers). This offloads granular metadata placement intelligence from the distributed Ceph cluster layer to the individual OSD device, leveraging the device's intimate knowledge of its physical media characteristics.

2. Utilization with NVMe-oF and Zoned Namespace (ZNS) SSDs

Enabling Description:
The object-based data allocation method of US9002795 is implemented within an NVMe-oF target that exposes a Zoned Namespace (ZNS) SSD. The "host system" is a remote compute node connecting over an NVMe-oF fabric (e.g., RDMA, TCP). The "storage device" is the ZNS SSD, where its physically distinct "zones" (sequential write required zones) naturally correspond to the "multiple media zones with differing zone attributes of storage performance." The "object-based storage interface" is integrated into the NVMe controller (or a dedicated proxy controller) of the ZNS SSD. This interface receives data objects (which, in a ZNS context, might be logical units or streams that the host wishes to group) and their associated i-node attributes (or equivalent object metadata) via NVMe-oF commands. It then analyzes the i-node attribute access frequencies. For example, i-node read attributes for hot data are allocated to ZNS zones that are known to reside on faster, lower-latency segments of the NAND flash or have higher provisioned over-provisioning for faster garbage collection. Less frequently accessed i-node write attributes are allocated to ZNS zones on higher-capacity, potentially slower NAND segments, optimizing for endurance or write amplification characteristics of the ZNS drive. The NVMe-oF interface allows the remote host to explicitly or implicitly provide "requested storage attributes" that guide the ZNS device's internal attribute placement.

3. Enhancing Linux Kernel File Systems (e.g., Btrfs/ZFS) with OSD Capabilities

Enabling Description:
A Linux kernel file system, such as Btrfs or ZFS, is configured to utilize an underlying object-based storage device (OSD) that implements the principles of US9002795 as its block device. Instead of directly managing raw blocks, the file system interacts with the OSD through an enhanced object-based API. When the file system creates or modifies files, it sends "data objects containing i-node attributes" (or equivalent metadata structures that Btrfs/ZFS manage) to the OSD. The OSD's "object-based storage interface" then receives these i-node attributes. Critically, the file system can provide "hints" (analogous to requested storage attributes) to the OSD regarding the expected access patterns or criticality of certain metadata. The OSD, having full knowledge of its "multiple media zones with differing zone attributes of storage performance," analyzes the i-node attributes, determines their access frequencies (and potentially correlates with the file system's hints), and intelligently allocates the i-node read and write attributes to physically separate zones. For instance, the Btrfs metadata tree, or ZFS's ZIL (ZFS Intent Log), could have its i-node-like attributes split and stored by the OSD, with frequently accessed parts in high-performance zones and less critical or less frequently accessed parts in more resilient or higher-capacity zones, thereby optimizing the underlying storage for the file system's complex metadata management without the file system needing direct physical media knowledge.