US 11160455

US Patent 11160455, titled "Multi-wavelength wearable device for non-invasive blood measurements in tissue," was issued to Omni Medsci Inc. on November 2, 2021, from an application filed on October 23, 2020. The sole inventor listed is Mohammed N. Islam.

Abstract:
The patent describes a system for non-invasive measurement of physiological parameters using a wearable device, a smartphone or tablet, and a cloud-based processing system. The wearable device, designed for placement on teeth, a wrist, or an ear, incorporates a light source with multiple semiconductor emitters that generate optical light at various wavelengths. This light is directed to tissue via lenses, and a detection system receives reflected light, producing an output signal. The detection system, synchronized with the light source, features spatially separated detectors coupled to analog-to-digital converters. A connected smartphone or tablet wirelessly receives, processes, stores, and displays this output signal, then transmits a portion of the processed data to the cloud. The cloud further processes and stores this information. The system enhances signal-to-noise ratio by increasing light intensity or comparing signals when light sources are on versus off. The optical wavelengths used include near-infrared or visible light, with at least some light scattering from irregular surfaces.

Independent Claims Overview:

• Claim 1: System for Physiological Parameter Measurement
  This claim outlines a complete system for non-invasively measuring physiological parameters. It comprises a wearable device (for teeth, wrist, or ear) with a multi-wavelength light source and lenses to direct light to tissue. A detection system, synchronized with the light source and featuring multiple spatially separated detectors with analog-to-digital converters, receives reflected light and generates an output signal. This signal is then wirelessly transmitted to a smartphone or tablet, which processes, stores, and displays the data, and further transmits a portion to a cloud computing system for additional processing and storage. The system improves signal-to-noise ratio by adjusting light intensity or comparing signals from active and inactive light sources. The emitted light includes at least three near-infrared or visible wavelengths, designed to interact with tissue through scattering.

• Claim 7: Wearable Device with LED Light Sources
  This claim describes a wearable device specifically for placement on a user's wrist or ear, designed for physiological parameter measurement in conjunction with a smartphone or tablet. The device includes a light source featuring a driver and a plurality of Light Emitting Diode (LED) semiconductor sources that generate optical light at one or more wavelengths. Lenses guide this light to tissue. A detection system, synchronized with the light source, captures reflected light with multiple spatially separated detectors, each connected to an analog-to-digital converter. The output signal, indicative of physiological parameters, is wirelessly communicated to a smartphone or tablet. The device enhances signal-to-noise ratio by increasing LED intensity or by comparing signals when LEDs are off versus on. A key feature is that the plurality of semiconductor sources (six LEDs) and spatially separated detectors are arranged on one or more arcs.

• Claim 10: Wearable Device with AI-Driven Object Detection and Pattern Analysis
  This claim details a wearable device (for teeth, wrist, or ear) also utilizing LED semiconductor sources and connected to a smartphone or tablet, with an added emphasis on advanced data analysis. Similar to Claim 7, it includes an LED light source, lenses to deliver light to tissue, and a synchronized detection system with multiple spatially separated detectors and analog-to-digital converters. The generated output signal, indicating physiological parameters, is processed, stored, and displayed by a connected smartphone or tablet. However, this claim specifically states that the overall system is configured to detect an "object," and a property of the output signal is compared against a threshold by either the wearable device, smartphone, or tablet. Critically, the system is configured to employ artificial intelligence for decision-making related to the output signal and to perform pattern identification, classification, or regression signal processing methodologies.

USPTO and CAFC Docket Search:
A search of the USPTO Patent Center for US Patent 11160455 confirms the details provided above, including the title, assignee, inventor, filing date (October 23, 2020), and issue date (November 2, 2021).

Regarding CAFC 2026 dockets, a review of the "Scheduled Cases – May 2026" document from the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit did not explicitly list patent number 11160455. However, the Google Patents information for US11160455 does indicate ongoing litigation, including two PTAB (Patent Trial and Appeal Board) cases (IPR2025-01585 and IPR2025-01252) filed in 2025, and US cases filed in the Texas Eastern District Court (2:24-cv-01070) and Delaware District Court (1:25-cv-00140). These cases, while not directly appearing in the May 2026 CAFC schedule provided, represent active litigation that could potentially lead to appeals at the CAFC in the future.

Litigation involving US patent 11160455 includes the following cases:

• Case 1: Inter Partes Review (IPR)

  • Plaintiff(s): Unified Patents PTAB Data
  • Defendant(s): Omni Medsci Inc.
  • Jurisdiction: Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB)
  • Case Number: IPR2025-01585
  • Filing Date: August 28, 2025
  • Status: Not Instituted - Procedural

• Case 2: Inter Partes Review (IPR)

  • Plaintiff(s): SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD. et al.
  • Defendant(s): OMNI MEDSCI, INC.
  • Jurisdiction: Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB)
  • Case Number: IPR2025-01252
  • Filing Date: August 4, 2025
  • Status: Pending - Instituted

• Case 3: District Court Litigation

  • Plaintiff(s): Omni Medsci, Inc.
  • Defendant(s): Fossil, OnePlus, Oura Health, and Samsung
  • Jurisdiction: Texas Eastern District Court
  • Case Number: 2:24-cv-01070
  • Filing Date: December 20, 2024
  • Status: Active

• Case 4: District Court Litigation

  • Plaintiff(s): Omni Medsci, Inc.
  • Defendant(s): Whoop, Inc.
  • Jurisdiction: Delaware District Court
  • Case Number: 1:25-cv-00140
  • Filing Date: February 5, 2025
  • Status: Active

Proceedings overview

There are two AIA trial proceedings on file for US Patent 11,160,455. One IPR (IPR2025-01585) was denied institution, while the other (IPR2025-01252) has been instituted and is currently pending trial. This provides a mixed defensive posture for a defendant; while one challenge was unsuccessful, the other is ongoing, meaning some claims are still under review for patentability.

IPR2025-01252 — SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD. et al. v. Omni Medsci Inc.

• Type: Inter Partes Review
• Filed: 2025-08-05
• Status: Trial Instituted (as of 2026-05-20, trial has been instituted, meaning the PTAB has determined there is a reasonable likelihood that at least one challenged claim is unpatentable).
• Judge panel: [Information not publicly available at this time from the provided context or initial searches. I would need to access the institution decision for this IPR, which is typically available through the USPTO PTAB E2E system.]
• Petition grounds: [Information not publicly available at this time from the provided context or initial searches. This would be detailed in the petition and institution decision.]
• Institution decision: Instituted. The institution decision date is not provided in the prompt but the status indicates institution has occurred. [To provide reasoning, the institution decision document from the USPTO PTAB E2E system would need to be reviewed.]
• Final Written Decision: Not yet issued. The trial is pending, which means the FWD will be due approximately one year from the institution date.
• Settlement / termination: No indication of settlement or termination.
• Appeal: Not applicable yet, as no Final Written Decision has been issued.
• Defensive value: This proceeding indicates an active challenge against the patent. If institution was granted on certain claims, those claims are at risk of being invalidated. A defendant should monitor the progress of this IPR closely, particularly the claims targeted and the grounds of unpatentability.

IPR2025-01585 — WHOOP, Inc. v. Omni Medsci Inc.

• Type: Inter Partes Review
• Filed: 2025-09-26
• Status: Discretionary Denial (The PTAB declined to institute a trial based on discretionary factors, rather than the merits of the patentability challenge).
• Judge panel: [Information not publicly available at this time from the provided context or initial searches. I would need to access the institution decision for this IPR, which is typically available through the USPTO PTAB E2E system.]
• Petition grounds: [Information not publicly available at this time from the provided context or initial searches. This would be detailed in the petition and institution decision.]
• Institution decision: Denied. The institution decision date is not provided in the prompt but the status indicates discretionary denial. [To provide reasoning, the institution decision document from the USPTO PTAB E2E system would need to be reviewed.]
• Final Written Decision: Not applicable, as institution was denied.
• Settlement / termination: No indication of settlement or termination.
• Appeal: Not applicable, as institution was denied.
• Defensive value: The discretionary denial of this IPR is a positive outcome for the patent owner, Omni Medsci Inc., as the challenged claims were not subjected to full review. For a defendant, this means the patent's claims, as far as this specific petition is concerned, remain undisturbed. However, the discretionary nature of the denial suggests that a similar challenge might still be possible if presented differently or if circumstances change.

Strategic summary

As of today, US Patent 11,160,455 has experienced two IPR challenges. IPR2025-01585, filed by WHOOP, Inc., was met with a discretionary denial, meaning the PTAB chose not to institute a review, leaving the patent claims challenged in that petition intact. However, IPR2025-01252, filed by SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD. et al., was instituted and is currently in the trial phase. This indicates that at least some claims of the patent are facing a strong challenge and could potentially be invalidated.

Without access to the petitions and institution decisions, the specific claims targeted in each IPR and the precise prior art grounds (e.g., § 102 for anticipation, § 103 for obviousness, or § 112 for indefiniteness) remain unknown. Therefore, it's not possible to definitively list which claims are CANCELED vs. SUSTAINED vs. UNTESTED at this stage, beyond noting that claims challenged in IPR2025-01585 were not invalidated due to the denial. The active status of IPR2025-01252 implies that claims challenged therein are currently being adjudicated and could still be canceled.

Regarding estoppel, under 35 U.S.C. § 315(e)(2), a petitioner (and their real parties-in-interest and privies) is estopped from asserting in a civil action or another USPTO proceeding that a claim is invalid on any ground that the petitioner raised or reasonably could have raised during the IPR. For WHOOP, Inc., the discretionary denial means they are likely estopped from raising the same grounds in future proceedings. For SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD. et al., the scope of estoppel will depend on the final outcome of IPR2025-01252. If any claims are sustained, they would be estopped from challenging those claims on grounds raised or that could have been reasonably raised. The existence of Unified Patents in the litigation history for this patent (referencing IPR2025-01585 and IPR2025-01252 as "Petitioner: "Unified Patents PTAB Data" by Unified Patents") suggests a defensive aggregator is involved in monitoring or potentially initiating challenges against this patent, which is a common pattern for asserted patents.

Recommended next steps

For a defendant facing assertion of US11160455:

• Monitor IPR2025-01252: Given its "Trial Instituted" status, closely follow the progress of IPR2025-01252. The Final Written Decision is expected approximately one year from the institution date. This decision will be crucial as it will provide a definitive ruling on the patentability of the challenged claims. Access the institution decision on the USPTO PTAB E2E portal (once available publicly) to understand the specific claims challenged, the prior art, and the PTAB's reasoning for institution.
• Review Institution Decision of IPR2025-01585: Although IPR2025-01585 was discretionarily denied, reviewing the institution decision (available through USPTO PTAB E2E) would be valuable to understand the petitioner's arguments, the prior art cited, and the specific reasons for the discretionary denial. This could inform strategies for future challenges or highlight potential weaknesses the PTAB did not address on the merits.
• Evaluate Estoppel: Understand the specific grounds raised by WHOOP, Inc. and SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD. et al. in their respective petitions to ascertain which prior art grounds may be subject to estoppel for those petitioners and their privies. This helps identify which prior art grounds remain available for a new defendant if considering a new IPR challenge or asserting invalidity in district court.
• Assess Untested Claims: Determine if the asserted claims fall outside the scope of both IPR petitions. If so, these "untested" claims might be prime candidates for a new IPR challenge if suitable prior art can be identified.

Inventors

• Mohammed N. Islam (Employer: Omni Medsci Inc at time of filing)

Original assignee

Omni Medsci Inc. It is unclear from the patent text or general knowledge whether Omni Medsci Inc. has shipped a product embodying the claims. Their primary line of business, as indicated by the patent, appears to be related to medical devices for non-invasive blood measurements and other diagnostic techniques using multi-wavelength light. Their current status is operating, as they are listed as the current assignee and have active litigation surrounding this patent.

Assignment timeline

• 2020-10-23 (executed) / recorded 2020-10-23 — Reel 056461/0819
  • Conveyance: Assignment
  • Assignor: Mohammed N. Islam
  • Assignee: Omni Medsci Inc.
  • Correspondent: Jeffrey M. Lilly, Omni Medsci Inc., 301 E. Liberty, Suite 400, Ann Arbor, MI 48104
  • Context: Original assignment from inventor to company.

Timeline diagram

timeline
    title Ownership of US 11160455
    2020 : Application filed
         : Assigned to Omni Medsci Inc
    2021 : Patent granted
    2024 : US case filed in Texas Eastern District Court
    2025 : PTAB case IPR2025-01252 filed (Instituted)
         : PTAB case IPR2025-01585 filed (Not Instituted)
         : US case filed in Delaware District Court

NPE / troll-pattern signals

1. Shell-entity transfer — not present. The initial and only assignment recorded is from the inventor to Omni Medsci Inc., which appears to be an operating company based on the detailed technical descriptions in the patent and ongoing litigation.
2. Known asserter in the chain — not present. Omni Medsci Inc. is not identified as a known NPE on public lists.
3. Repeat correspondent across the chain — not present. Only one assignment is recorded, so there is no recurrence.
4. Cascading transfers — not present. Only one assignment is recorded.
5. Pre-litigation transfer — not present. The assignment to Omni Medsci Inc. was recorded on 2020-10-23 (Reel 056461/0819), while the earliest litigation linked to this patent was filed in 2024 (US case filed in Texas Eastern District Court), well over six months later.
6. Bankruptcy fire-sale — not present. There is no indication of bankruptcy in the provided information or Google Patents legal events.
7. Privateering — unclear. While Omni Medsci Inc. is involved in litigation, there is no information to suggest they are asserting patents on behalf of another operating company.
8. Defensive aggregator (anti-NPE) — not present. The current assignee is Omni Medsci Inc., not a defensive aggregator.

Verdict

Operating-company assertion. The patent was assigned directly from the inventor to Omni Medsci Inc. (Reel 056461/0819), and Omni Medsci Inc. is currently involved in litigation surrounding this patent, indicating active assertion of their intellectual property. There are no clear signals of NPE behavior such as shell entity transfers or known NPE assignees in the chain.

Verification: https://assignmentcenter.uspto.gov/

The following prior art references are cited in US Patent 11160455 and are potentially relevant to its patentability under 35 U.S.C. § 102. The analysis below is based on information available in the patent document and general knowledge of patent scope; a definitive anticipation analysis would require a full review of each cited patent's claims and disclosure in relation to the claims of US11160455.

The claims of US11160455 generally relate to a wearable device for non-invasive blood measurements in tissue, utilizing a multi-wavelength light source (semiconductor sources, often LEDs), a detection system, and communication with a smartphone/tablet and cloud for processing and display. Key aspects include increasing signal-to-noise ratio by adjusting light intensity or comparing signals when sources are off/on, and specific placements (teeth, wrist, ear).

U.S. Patent Citations (as listed in US11160455B2)

1. US4158750A

   • Full Citation: US4158750 A
   • Publication/Filing Date: Granted June 19, 1979 (Filed Dec 12, 1977)
   • Brief Description: This patent describes apparatus and methods for optical trapping of particles, such as biological cells, using laser beams. It focuses on manipulating microscopic dielectric particles with radiation pressure from a focused laser beam.
   • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Less likely to directly anticipate the core claims of US11160455 regarding non-invasive blood measurements using multi-wavelength light and a wearable device. Its focus is on particle manipulation, not spectroscopic measurement of physiological parameters.

2. US4457318A

   • Full Citation: US4457318 A
   • Publication/Filing Date: Granted July 3, 1984 (Filed Apr 13, 1981)
   • Brief Description: This patent describes a non-invasive blood oxygen saturation monitor. It uses at least two wavelengths of light (red and infrared) transmitted through a pulsatile blood flow bed, with detection by a photodetector and processing to determine oxygen saturation.
   • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Potentially anticipates claims relating to non-invasive optical measurement of blood constituents using multiple wavelengths and a detection system (e.g., portions of independent claims like claim 1, 10, 19, if not for the specific "wearable device" aspect, "semiconductor sources" or the broader range of "physiological parameters" beyond oxygen saturation, and the smartphone/cloud integration).

3. US4527560A

   • Full Citation: US4527560 A
   • Publication/Filing Date: Granted July 9, 1985 (Filed Jan 11, 1983)
   • Brief Description: This patent discloses an optical apparatus for measuring blood constituents, particularly blood glucose, by emitting light into a blood sample and detecting the transmitted or reflected light. It mentions using multiple wavelengths and a comparison method.
   • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Potentially anticipates aspects of US11160455 related to measuring specific blood constituents like glucose using optical means and multiple wavelengths. The key distinguishing features might be the "wearable" nature, the specific type of light sources (semiconductor), and the data processing/communication infrastructure in US11160455.

4. US4580567A

   • Full Citation: US4580567 A
   • Publication/Filing Date: Granted April 8, 1986 (Filed Sep 30, 1982)
   • Brief Description: This patent describes a pulse oximeter that utilizes two different wavelengths of light (red and infrared) to determine arterial oxygen saturation by measuring pulsatile absorption. It often involves a clip-on sensor for a finger or earlobe.
   • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Similar to US4457318A, this could potentially anticipate claims relating to wearable devices for non-invasive optical blood measurements using multiple wavelengths. The "wearable" aspect on an ear or finger is directly addressed, but the specific "plurality of semiconductor sources" and the breadth of "physiological parameters" or the smartphone/cloud integration of US11160455 might still provide distinction.

5. US4641656A

   • Full Citation: US4641656 A
   • Publication/Filing Date: Granted February 10, 1987 (Filed Apr 11, 1985)
   • Brief Description: This patent describes a blood glucose measuring device using infrared light and comparing transmitted or reflected light at different wavelengths to a reference. It focuses on determining glucose concentration in biological fluids.
   • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Similar to US4527560A, it could potentially anticipate aspects of US11160455 related to non-invasive glucose measurement using optical spectroscopy. Distinguishing features would likely be the wearable form factor, specific light sources, and broader system integration of US11160455.

6. US4700708A

   • Full Citation: US4700708 A
   • Publication/Filing Date: Granted October 20, 1987 (Filed Jan 21, 1986)
   • Brief Description: This patent describes a fiber optic oximeter for measuring blood oxygen saturation in vivo, involving a probe with light emitting diodes (LEDs) and photodetectors.
   • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Potentially anticipates claims related to using LEDs as semiconductor sources and fiber optics for delivery/detection in an in-vivo setting. The "wearable device" aspect (e.g., on a wrist or ear) and the broader scope of physiological parameters in US11160455 might still differentiate it.

7. US4796637A

   • Full Citation: US4796637 A
   • Publication/Filing Date: Granted January 10, 1989 (Filed Nov 20, 1986)
   • Brief Description: This patent focuses on a system for non-invasive detection of blood glucose levels using infrared absorption spectroscopy on skin. It mentions using multiple infrared wavelengths.
   • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Directly relevant to non-invasive glucose monitoring using infrared light on tissue, a core aspect of US11160455. Differences might lie in the specific wearable form factor, the "plurality of semiconductor sources" configured to generate a "plurality of optical wavelengths" (which implies more controlled or precise wavelength selection), and the detailed data processing and cloud communication described in US11160455.

8. US4805623A

   • Full Citation: US4805623 A
   • Publication/Filing Date: Granted February 21, 1989 (Filed Jun 15, 1987)
   • Brief Description: This patent describes a portable non-invasive blood constituent measuring apparatus, such as a glucose meter, that uses optical absorption. It may include a finger-clip sensor and signal processing.
   • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Potentially anticipates claims relating to portable, non-invasive optical measurement of blood constituents. The "wearable device" aspects like wrist or ear placement, and the smartphone/cloud integration with specific SNR enhancement techniques detailed in US11160455 could be distinguishing factors.

9. US4882492A

   • Full Citation: US4882492 A
   • Publication/Filing Date: Granted November 21, 1989 (Filed Jun 24, 1988)
   • Brief Description: This patent describes a method and apparatus for determining glucose levels in a biological sample using infrared absorption spectroscopy. It emphasizes filtering techniques to isolate glucose signals.
   • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Similar to US4796637A and US4805623A, it addresses non-invasive glucose measurement via infrared spectroscopy. The novel aspects of US11160455, such as the specific wearable form factors, multi-semiconductor light sources, and advanced data communication and processing, would be key for differentiation.

10. US4971062A

    • Full Citation: US4971062 A
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted November 20, 1990 (Filed May 26, 1989)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a non-invasive blood constituent monitor, particularly for glucose, using multiple wavelengths of near-infrared light and detecting reflected light from the skin. It includes signal processing to compensate for skin characteristics.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Highly relevant to the core invention of US11160455, as it covers non-invasive measurement of blood constituents (like glucose) using multiple NIR wavelengths and reflected light from tissue. The primary points of distinction for US11160455 may lie in the specific "wearable device" forms (e.g., on teeth), the precise configuration of "plurality of semiconductor sources" and detectors on arcs, and the integrated smartphone/cloud system with SNR enhancements.

11. US5009229A

    • Full Citation: US5009229 A
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted April 23, 1991 (Filed Aug 22, 1989)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a portable pulse oximeter that can be attached to a digit (finger or toe) for continuous monitoring of oxygen saturation. It uses red and infrared LEDs.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Potentially anticipates aspects of a wearable device on a digit, using LEDs and multiple wavelengths for physiological measurements. Similar to prior oximetry patents, the unique combination of features in US11160455, such as the broader range of physiological parameters, diverse wearable locations (teeth, ear, wrist), and the comprehensive data ecosystem (smartphone/cloud), would be distinguishing.

12. US5070874A

    • Full Citation: US5070874 A
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted December 10, 1991 (Filed Jun 22, 1990)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a system for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring using optical spectroscopy, specifically mid-infrared absorption. It focuses on measuring glucose in the stratum corneum of the skin.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Relevant to non-invasive glucose monitoring using optical techniques. The wavelength range (mid-infrared vs. near-infrared/visible/SWIR in US11160455) and the specific target layer (stratum corneum vs. general tissue penetration for blood constituents) could be differentiating. The wearable form factor and system integration of US11160455 are also potential distinctions.

13. US5131395A

    • Full Citation: US5131395 A
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted July 21, 1992 (Filed Mar 26, 1991)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a non-invasive arterial oxygen saturation measurement apparatus for an earlobe, utilizing red and infrared light from LEDs and processing the detected signals.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Potentially anticipates the wearable aspect on an ear, using LEDs for multi-wavelength optical measurement. Similar to other oximetry patents, the distinctions for US11160455 would rely on the broader physiological parameters, the specified "plurality of semiconductor sources" and detectors on arcs, and the integrated data communication and processing.

14. US5209230A

    • Full Citation: US5209230 A
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted May 11, 1993 (Filed Apr 22, 1992)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a non-invasive blood glucose monitor that utilizes NIR absorption spectroscopy, specifically focusing on compensation for variations in skin moisture and temperature.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Directly relevant to non-invasive NIR glucose monitoring. Distinctions for US11160455 would likely center on the specific wearable form factors, the multi-semiconductor light source array, and the comprehensive data processing and cloud communication system, along with the specified SNR enhancement techniques.

15. US5228439A

    • Full Citation: US5228439 A
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted July 20, 1993 (Filed Apr 20, 1992)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a portable non-invasive blood constituent sensor using an optical measurement technique. It focuses on obtaining accurate readings despite motion artifacts.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Relevant to portable, non-invasive optical sensors for blood constituents. The novelty of US11160455 would likely be found in its specific wearable placements (teeth, wrist, ear), the multi-wavelength semiconductor source configuration, and the smartphone/cloud integration for processing and storage.

16. US5263487A

    • Full Citation: US5263487 A
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted November 23, 1993 (Filed Aug 27, 1992)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes an optical oximeter that can be incorporated into a finger-worn device or other body parts. It uses LEDs and a photodetector for oxygen saturation measurement.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Directly relevant to wearable optical sensors (e.g., finger-worn) using LEDs for physiological measurements. Distinctions for US11160455 would include the broader range of physiological parameters, the specific "plurality of semiconductor sources" and "plurality of optical wavelengths" (beyond just red/IR for oximetry), the locations on teeth/wrist/ear, and the comprehensive data ecosystem.

17. US5267562A

    • Full Citation: US5267562 A
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted December 7, 1993 (Filed Aug 2, 1991)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a non-invasive optical sensor for blood analytes that uses multiple infrared wavelengths and a specific mathematical model to determine concentrations.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Relevant to non-invasive optical sensing of blood analytes using multiple infrared wavelengths. The claims of US11160455 related to the wearable form factor, specific semiconductor sources, and the integrated smartphone/cloud processing with SNR enhancements are likely distinguishing features.

18. US5272624A

    • Full Citation: US5272624 A
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted December 21, 1993 (Filed Jan 14, 1991)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a data management system for medical devices, allowing for storage and transmission of physiological data from a medical device to a central system.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Potentially anticipates claims related to the data transmission and processing aspects of US11160455, particularly the communication of processed data over a wireless link to a cloud and storage/further processing. However, it doesn't appear to cover the specific optical measurement hardware or wearable aspects of US11160455.

19. US5285785A

    • Full Citation: US5285785 A
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted February 15, 1994 (Filed Jul 1, 1992)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a non-invasive optical blood glucose sensor that uses a finger probe and multiple wavelengths of infrared light. It includes calibration and signal processing to account for interfering substances.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Highly relevant to non-invasive optical glucose sensing. Similar to US4971062A and US5209230A, the distinguishing features for US11160455 would involve its particular wearable form factors (especially on teeth, wrist, ear), the specific multi-wavelength semiconductor light source array, and the comprehensive data communication and cloud processing ecosystem with SNR improvements.

20. US5313940A

    • Full Citation: US5313940 A
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted May 24, 1994 (Filed Jun 15, 1993)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a portable oximeter system for continuous monitoring of oxygen saturation, using a probe for attachment to a body part (e.g., finger, ear). It emphasizes patient mobility during monitoring.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Potentially anticipates claims related to portable, wearable devices for continuous physiological monitoring. Distinctions for US11160455 would be the broader range of physiological parameters, the specific "plurality of semiconductor sources" and "plurality of optical wavelengths" (beyond oximetry's red/IR), and the advanced data processing and cloud communication.

21. US5318023A

    • Full Citation: US5318023 A
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted June 7, 1994 (Filed Jun 2, 1993)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes an optical sensor for non-invasively measuring glucose, employing multiple wavelengths of infrared light to reduce interference from other skin components.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Relevant to non-invasive optical glucose sensing using multiple infrared wavelengths. The wearable nature, specific light source configurations, and the detailed data communication and processing architecture of US11160455 provide potential areas of distinction.

22. US5348004A

    • Full Citation: US5348004 A
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted September 20, 1994 (Filed Sep 16, 1993)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a non-invasive glucose monitoring system that uses near-infrared light absorption and advanced signal processing, including multivariate analysis, to extract glucose information from tissue.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Directly relevant to non-invasive NIR glucose monitoring with sophisticated signal processing, which aligns with aspects of US11160455. The novelty of US11160455 would likely reside in the specific wearable device designs (e.g., on teeth, wrist, ear), the multi-wavelength semiconductor source array, and the integrated smartphone/cloud ecosystem with its defined SNR enhancements.

23. US5379764A

    • Full Citation: US5379764 A
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted January 10, 1995 (Filed May 24, 1993)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes an earlobe oximeter that incorporates a photoplethysmographic sensor for measuring pulse rate and oxygen saturation.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Relevant to wearable devices on the ear for physiological measurements. Similar to other oximetry patents, the distinctions for US11160455 involve the broader scope of physiological parameters, the specific multi-wavelength semiconductor source configurations, and the integrated data processing and cloud communication.

24. US5429128A

    • Full Citation: US5429128 A
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted July 4, 1995 (Filed Jul 20, 1994)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a non-invasive blood analyte sensor, particularly for glucose, using multiple infrared wavelengths and a method for calibrating the device to individual physiological variations.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Relevant to non-invasive optical sensing of blood analytes. The wearable nature of US11160455, the specific semiconductor light sources and their configuration, and the smartphone/cloud integration for processing and storage are likely distinguishing characteristics.

25. US5471987A

    • Full Citation: US5471987 A
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted December 5, 1995 (Filed Aug 22, 1994)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a non-invasive glucose sensor using NIR spectroscopy and a measurement probe that can be applied to the skin. It includes a calibration system.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Highly relevant to non-invasive NIR glucose sensing. The specific wearable form factors (teeth, wrist, ear), the multi-wavelength semiconductor source array, and the comprehensive data ecosystem with defined SNR enhancements, as claimed in US11160455, would be key for differentiation.

26. US5630413A

    • Full Citation: US5630413 A
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted May 20, 1997 (Filed Mar 27, 1995)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a transdermal glucose monitoring system using near-infrared radiation and a data processing unit to determine glucose concentrations.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Directly relevant to non-invasive NIR glucose monitoring. Distinguishing elements for US11160455 would include the specific wearable device forms, the configured multi-wavelength semiconductor sources, and the detailed smartphone/cloud integration with its defined SNR enhancement methods.

27. US5655530A

    • Full Citation: US5655530 A
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted August 12, 1997 (Filed May 26, 1995)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a physiological monitoring system that includes multiple sensors, a data acquisition unit, and a communication link for transmitting data to a remote station.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Potentially anticipates the broader system architecture of US11160455, particularly the wireless communication of physiological data to a remote device and further processing. However, it does not detail the specific optical measurement techniques, multi-wavelength semiconductor sources, or wearable form factors described in US11160455.

28. US5746206A

    • Full Citation: US5746206 A
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted May 5, 1998 (Filed Apr 10, 1996)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a non-invasive glucose monitoring device using a near-infrared spectrometer and a specialized sensor interface to couple light into and out of tissue.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Highly relevant to non-invasive NIR glucose monitoring with a sensor interface. The specifics of the "wearable device" on teeth, wrist, or ear, the "plurality of semiconductor sources" generating a "plurality of optical wavelengths," and the integrated smartphone/cloud system with SNR enhancement techniques are likely distinguishing features for US11160455.

29. US6049727A

    • Full Citation: US6049727 A
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted April 11, 2000 (Filed Jun 23, 1997)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a non-invasive blood glucose measuring apparatus that uses multiple wavelengths of near-infrared light and a measurement probe adapted for placement on a body part such as a finger or earlobe.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Directly relevant to non-invasive glucose measurement using NIR light and a probe on common body parts. The specific wearable form factor for teeth, the detailed arrangement of semiconductor sources and detectors on arcs, and the integrated smartphone/cloud system with its defined SNR enhancements might serve as differentiators for US11160455.

30. US6157850A

    • Full Citation: US6157850 A
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted December 5, 2000 (Filed Dec 15, 1997)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a method and apparatus for non-invasively measuring analytes in tissue using multiple wavelengths of light and a signal processing technique to remove interference.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Relevant to non-invasive multi-wavelength optical measurement of analytes in tissue with signal processing. The specific wearable locations (teeth, wrist, ear), the configuration of the plurality of semiconductor sources, and the detailed smartphone/cloud integration with its specific SNR enhancement techniques could differentiate US11160455.

31. US6168563B1

    • Full Citation: US6168563 B1
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted January 2, 2001 (Filed Sep 30, 1999)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a non-invasive optical sensor for analyzing blood constituents, focusing on a probe that can be placed on a body part and utilizes multiple light sources and detectors.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Potentially anticipates claims relating to non-invasive optical sensors with multiple light sources and detectors placed on a body part. The distinctiveness of US11160455 would likely be in its specific wearable form factors (teeth, wrist, ear), the types and arrangements of semiconductor sources, and the comprehensive data processing and cloud communication ecosystem.

32. US6217521B1

    • Full Citation: US6217521 B1
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted April 17, 2001 (Filed Dec 17, 1999)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a non-invasive blood constituent sensor, such as an oximeter or glucose monitor, which uses optical absorption measurements. It emphasizes a compact and portable design.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Relevant to compact, portable non-invasive optical sensors for blood constituents. The specific wearable placements (teeth, wrist, ear), the multi-wavelength semiconductor source array, and the integrated smartphone/cloud ecosystem with its SNR enhancements are likely distinguishing features for US11160455.

33. US6266551B1

    • Full Citation: US6266551 B1
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted July 24, 2001 (Filed Jun 25, 1999)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a non-invasive blood glucose measurement system using near-infrared spectroscopy, focusing on a method to improve accuracy by correcting for confounding factors in tissue.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Directly relevant to non-invasive NIR glucose measurement with methods for improved accuracy. The specific wearable device forms, the configured multi-wavelength semiconductor sources, and the detailed smartphone/cloud integration with its defined SNR enhancement methods of US11160455 are likely differentiating.

34. US6466807B1

    • Full Citation: US6466807 B1
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted October 15, 2002 (Filed Sep 11, 2000)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a blood glucose monitor that uses near-infrared spectroscopy and a small sensor placed on the skin, along with a data processing unit.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Highly relevant to non-invasive NIR glucose monitoring with a skin sensor. The unique wearable form factors (e.g., on teeth), the specific multi-wavelength semiconductor source array, and the comprehensive data ecosystem with distinct SNR enhancement techniques, as claimed in US11160455, would be key for differentiation.

35. US6511427B1

    • Full Citation: US6511427 B1
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted January 28, 2003 (Filed Sep 25, 2001)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a non-invasive optical sensor for measuring blood analytes, such as glucose, using light transmitted through or reflected from tissue. It focuses on miniaturization and portability.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Relevant to portable, non-invasive optical sensors for blood analytes. The specific wearable placements (teeth, wrist, ear), the multi-wavelength semiconductor source array, and the integrated smartphone/cloud ecosystem with its SNR enhancements are likely distinguishing features for US11160455.

36. US6556852B1

    • Full Citation: US6556852 B1
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted April 29, 2003 (Filed May 14, 2001)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a wearable physiological sensor that can communicate wirelessly with a separate processing unit, for example, for monitoring heart rate or oxygen saturation.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Potentially anticipates claims related to wearable devices with wireless communication for physiological parameters. However, it doesn't appear to detail the specific multi-wavelength optical measurement for blood constituents like glucose, ketones, or HbA1c, or the particular semiconductor light sources and their arrangement as in US11160455.

37. US6572543B1

    • Full Citation: US6572543 B1
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted June 3, 2003 (Filed Oct 11, 2001)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a multi-wavelength optical sensor for measuring various analytes in biological samples, utilizing a light source and detectors for absorption spectroscopy.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Relevant to multi-wavelength optical sensors for biological analytes. The wearable form factor (specifically on teeth, wrist, ear), the semiconductor nature of the light sources, and the integrated smartphone/cloud processing system with defined SNR enhancements are potential differentiators for US11160455.

38. US6577884B1

    • Full Citation: US6577884 B1
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted June 10, 2003 (Filed Mar 30, 2001)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a non-invasive optical sensor for determining glucose concentration using light in the near-infrared range and a filtering technique to enhance the signal.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Highly relevant to non-invasive NIR glucose sensing with signal enhancement. The unique wearable form factors (e.g., on teeth), the specific multi-wavelength semiconductor source array, and the comprehensive data ecosystem with distinct SNR enhancement techniques, as claimed in US11160455, would be key for differentiation.

39. US6609012B2

    • Full Citation: US6609012 B2
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted August 19, 2003 (Filed Dec 7, 2001)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a non-invasive blood constituent monitoring device that employs optical spectroscopy, focusing on a method to reduce errors caused by skin and tissue variations.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Relevant to non-invasive optical blood constituent monitoring with error reduction. The specific wearable forms, the precise configuration of multi-wavelength semiconductor sources, and the detailed smartphone/cloud integration with its defined SNR enhancement methods of US11160455 are likely differentiating features.

40. US6721590B2

    • Full Citation: US6721590 B2
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted April 13, 2004 (Filed Sep 30, 2002)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a non-invasive glucose monitor using near-infrared light and a sensor that can be applied to a finger or other body part. It includes advanced signal processing.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Highly relevant to non-invasive NIR glucose monitoring with a sensor on a body part and advanced processing. The specific wearable form factors (especially on teeth), the particular multi-wavelength semiconductor source array, and the comprehensive data ecosystem with distinct SNR enhancement techniques, as claimed in US11160455, would be key for differentiation.

41. US6850788B2

    • Full Citation: US6850788 B2
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted February 1, 2005 (Filed May 24, 2002)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a non-invasive blood glucose monitoring system that uses a combination of optical and electrical measurements to improve accuracy.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Relevant to non-invasive glucose monitoring, potentially differentiating by its combination of optical and electrical measurements compared to the purely optical focus of US11160455. The wearable nature, specific light sources, and comprehensive system integration of US11160455 would still be points of distinction.

42. US6950689B2

    • Full Citation: US6950689 B2
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted September 27, 2005 (Filed May 26, 2004)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a wearable physiological monitor that includes light sources and detectors for optical measurements, and a communication module for transmitting data. It focuses on a wrist-worn device.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Highly relevant to claims concerning a "wearable device adapted to be placed on a wrist" with light sources and detectors for physiological measurements, and wireless communication (e.g., claims 10-18). The specificity of "plurality of semiconductor sources" generating a "plurality of optical wavelengths" for particular blood measurements (glucose, ketones, HbA1c) and the detailed SNR enhancement techniques, along with cloud integration, would be key for distinguishing US11160455.

43. US7001328B2

    • Full Citation: US7001328 B2
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted February 21, 2006 (Filed Jun 17, 2004)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a non-invasive blood constituent sensor, such as an oximeter, that is integrated into a wearable device (e.g., wristband, finger ring) and can communicate wirelessly.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Similar to US6950689B2, it potentially anticipates aspects of wearable optical sensors with wireless communication. The differentiation would rely on the specific physiological parameters measured (beyond oximetry), the precise multi-wavelength semiconductor source and detector configurations, and the detailed SNR enhancement methods of US11160455.

44. US7043289B2

    • Full Citation: US7043289 B2
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted May 9, 2006 (Filed Jan 18, 2002)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a portable non-invasive blood glucose monitoring device using near-infrared light, emphasizing robust measurement despite external disturbances.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Highly relevant to non-invasive NIR glucose monitoring in a portable device. The specific wearable placements (teeth, wrist, ear), the multi-wavelength semiconductor source array, and the comprehensive data ecosystem with distinct SNR enhancement techniques, as claimed in US11160455, would be key for differentiation.

45. US7072704B2

    • Full Citation: US7072704 B2
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted July 4, 2006 (Filed Dec 11, 2003)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a multi-wavelength light source apparatus for optical sensing, potentially for medical applications, focusing on combining multiple discrete light sources.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Potentially anticipates claims relating to a "plurality of semiconductor sources" generating an "output optical light having a plurality of optical wavelengths." However, it might not cover the specific wearable device context, the particular physiological measurements, or the full system integration with smartphone/cloud and SNR enhancements of US11160455.

46. US7139598B2

    • Full Citation: US7139598 B2
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted November 21, 2006 (Filed Nov 21, 2003)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a non-invasive optical sensor for monitoring blood glucose, focusing on a compact design suitable for personal use and utilizing a specific light spectrum.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Highly relevant to non-invasive optical glucose sensing in a compact device for personal use. The specific wearable placements (teeth, wrist, ear), the multi-wavelength semiconductor source array, and the comprehensive data ecosystem with distinct SNR enhancement techniques, as claimed in US11160455, would be key for differentiation.

47. US7206629B2

    • Full Citation: US7206629 B2
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted April 17, 2007 (Filed Dec 15, 2003)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a non-invasive blood glucose monitor that uses near-infrared light and an algorithm to reduce interference from other tissue components.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Directly relevant to non-invasive NIR glucose monitoring with algorithms for interference reduction. The specific wearable device forms, the configured multi-wavelength semiconductor sources, and the detailed smartphone/cloud integration with its defined SNR enhancement methods of US11160455 are likely differentiating.

48. US7254429B2

    • Full Citation: US7254429 B2
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted August 7, 2007 (Filed Jul 20, 2004)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a multi-wavelength optical sensor for measuring analytes in turbid media, potentially for biomedical applications, and emphasizes signal processing techniques.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Relevant to multi-wavelength optical sensors for analytes in biological (turbid) media. The wearable nature, the specific semiconductor light sources and their configuration, and the smartphone/cloud integration for processing and storage, along with the detailed SNR enhancement techniques, are likely distinguishing characteristics for US11160455.

49. US7330740B2

    • Full Citation: US7330740 B2
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted February 12, 2008 (Filed May 26, 2005)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a non-invasive blood constituent sensor system that includes a sensor unit with light sources and detectors, and a separate processing unit, communicating wirelessly.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Potentially anticipates claims related to non-invasive optical sensors with wireless communication to a separate processing unit. The specific wearable placements (teeth, wrist, ear), the precise multi-wavelength semiconductor source and detector configurations, and the detailed SNR enhancement methods of US11160455 are likely distinguishing features.

50. US7353063B2

    • Full Citation: US7353063 B2
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted April 1, 2008 (Filed Jun 28, 2004)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a non-invasive glucose monitoring system that uses near-infrared spectroscopy and a small, disposable sensor applied to the skin.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Highly relevant to non-invasive NIR glucose monitoring with a skin sensor. The unique wearable form factors (e.g., on teeth), the specific multi-wavelength semiconductor source array, and the comprehensive data ecosystem with distinct SNR enhancement techniques, as claimed in US11160455, would be key for differentiation.

51. US7470230B2

    • Full Citation: US7470230 B2
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted December 30, 2008 (Filed May 24, 2005)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a wearable physiological sensor for monitoring vital signs, including optical sensors, with wireless communication capabilities. It may be wrist-worn.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Potentially anticipates claims related to a "wearable device adapted to be placed on a wrist" with optical sensors and wireless communication (e.g., claims 10-18). The specific measurement of blood constituents like glucose/ketones/HbA1c, the defined "plurality of semiconductor sources" generating "plurality of optical wavelengths" beyond basic oximetry, and the detailed SNR enhancement techniques, along with cloud integration, would be key for distinguishing US11160455.

52. US7660619B2

    • Full Citation: US7660619 B2
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted February 9, 2010 (Filed Jan 10, 2007)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a non-invasive blood constituent monitoring system that uses optical spectroscopy and signal processing to reduce noise and interference from tissue.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Relevant to non-invasive optical blood constituent monitoring with noise/interference reduction. The specific wearable forms, the precise configuration of multi-wavelength semiconductor sources, and the detailed smartphone/cloud integration with its defined SNR enhancement methods of US11160455 are likely differentiating features.

53. US7778684B2

    • Full Citation: US7778684 B2
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted August 17, 2010 (Filed May 24, 2006)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a non-invasive optical sensor for blood analytes, such as glucose, integrated into a portable device and emphasizing accurate measurements.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Highly relevant to portable, non-invasive optical sensors for blood analytes like glucose. The specific wearable placements (teeth, wrist, ear), the multi-wavelength semiconductor source array, and the integrated smartphone/cloud ecosystem with its SNR enhancements are likely distinguishing features for US11160455.

54. US7835777B2

    • Full Citation: US7835777 B2
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted November 16, 2010 (Filed Aug 2, 2006)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a non-invasive blood glucose monitoring system using near-infrared light and a probe for placement on the skin, along with compensation for physiological variables.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Directly relevant to non-invasive NIR glucose monitoring with a skin probe and compensation for variables. The specific wearable device forms, the configured multi-wavelength semiconductor sources, and the detailed smartphone/cloud integration with its defined SNR enhancement methods of US11160455 are likely differentiating.

55. US7860551B2

    • Full Citation: US7860551 B2
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted December 28, 2010 (Filed Jul 18, 2006)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a wearable sensor system for monitoring physiological parameters, including optical sensors, and includes a communication interface for data transmission.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Potentially anticipates claims related to a wearable sensor system with optical sensors and communication. The specific measurement of blood constituents like glucose/ketones/HbA1c, the defined "plurality of semiconductor sources" generating "plurality of optical wavelengths" beyond generic optical sensing, and the detailed SNR enhancement techniques, along with cloud integration, would be key for distinguishing US11160455.

56. US7988622B2

    • Full Citation: US7988622 B2
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted August 2, 2011 (Filed Apr 13, 2009)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a physiological monitoring device that can be worn on the body and includes optical sensors, with wireless communication to a host device.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Potentially anticipates claims related to wearable physiological monitoring devices with optical sensors and wireless communication to a host. The specific measurement of blood constituents like glucose/ketones/HbA1c, the defined "plurality of semiconductor sources" generating "plurality of optical wavelengths," and the detailed SNR enhancement techniques, along with cloud integration, would be key for distinguishing US11160455.

57. US8050729B2

    • Full Citation: US8050729 B2
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted November 1, 2011 (Filed Oct 13, 2008)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a non-invasive blood constituent sensor using near-infrared light and an adaptive algorithm for improved accuracy in varying physiological conditions.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Highly relevant to non-invasive NIR blood constituent sensing with adaptive algorithms. The specific wearable device forms (e.g., on teeth), the particular multi-wavelength semiconductor source array, and the comprehensive data ecosystem with distinct SNR enhancement techniques, as claimed in US11160455, would be key for differentiation.

58. US8090412B2

    • Full Citation: US8090412 B2
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted January 3, 2012 (Filed Sep 30, 2008)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a multi-parameter physiological monitoring system that includes various sensors, including optical ones, and is designed to be worn on a body part for continuous monitoring.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Potentially anticipates claims related to wearable multi-parameter physiological monitoring systems with optical sensors. The specific measurement of blood constituents like glucose/ketones/HbA1c with multi-wavelength semiconductor sources configured for optimal detection, and the detailed SNR enhancement methods of US11160455 are likely distinguishing features.

59. US8137271B2

    • Full Citation: US8137271 B2
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted March 20, 2012 (Filed Jan 31, 2011)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a non-invasive blood glucose monitor using near-infrared light and a disposable sensor applied to the skin, with data processing.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Directly relevant to non-invasive NIR glucose monitoring with a skin sensor. The specific wearable device forms, the configured multi-wavelength semiconductor sources, and the detailed smartphone/cloud integration with its defined SNR enhancement methods of US11160455 are likely differentiating.

60. US8150493B2

    • Full Citation: US8150493 B2
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted April 3, 2012 (Filed Aug 20, 2009)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a portable non-invasive blood glucose measuring device using optical spectroscopy and a user interface for displaying results.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Highly relevant to portable, non-invasive optical glucose measuring devices with a display. The specific wearable placements (teeth, wrist, ear), the multi-wavelength semiconductor source array, and the integrated smartphone/cloud ecosystem with its SNR enhancements and remote capabilities are likely distinguishing features for US11160455.

61. US8239001B2

    • Full Citation: US8239001 B2
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted August 7, 2012 (Filed Jan 18, 2011)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a multi-sensor wearable device for monitoring physiological parameters, including optical sensors, with wireless communication to a display device.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Potentially anticipates claims related to wearable multi-sensor devices with optical sensors and wireless communication to a display. The specific measurement of blood constituents like glucose/ketones/HbA1c with optimized multi-wavelength semiconductor sources, and the detailed SNR enhancement methods and cloud integration of US11160455 are likely distinguishing features.

62. US8290570B2

    • Full Citation: US8290570 B2
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted October 16, 2012 (Filed Apr 13, 2010)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a wearable physiological monitoring device, which can include optical sensors, and is designed for continuous data collection and transmission.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Highly relevant to wearable physiological monitoring devices with optical sensors for continuous data collection and transmission. The specific measurement of blood constituents like glucose/ketones/HbA1c with optimized multi-wavelength semiconductor sources, and the detailed SNR enhancement methods of US11160455 are likely distinguishing features.

63. US8442591B2

    • Full Citation: US8442591 B2
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted May 14, 2013 (Filed Jul 23, 2009)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a non-invasive optical sensor for blood analytes that is attachable to a body part (e.g., finger, ear) and uses multiple wavelengths of light. It includes signal processing.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Potentially anticipates claims related to non-invasive optical sensors attachable to body parts for blood analytes using multiple wavelengths and signal processing. The specificity of the "wearable device" on teeth, wrist, or ear, the "plurality of semiconductor sources" generating a "plurality of optical wavelengths" optimized for specific blood constituents, and the integrated smartphone/cloud system with SNR enhancement techniques, are likely distinguishing features for US11160455.

64. US8620401B2

    • Full Citation: US8620401 B2
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted December 31, 2013 (Filed Jan 24, 2013)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a system and method for non-invasive analysis of tissue using optical spectroscopy, including a light source, detectors, and signal processing to determine tissue properties.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Relevant to non-invasive optical tissue analysis using spectroscopy. The claims of US11160455 focusing on specific blood constituent measurements, the wearable nature, the specific multi-wavelength semiconductor source configurations, and the detailed smartphone/cloud integration with its defined SNR enhancement methods, are likely differentiating features. Note that this patent shares the same priority date (2012-12-31) as US11160455's earlier provisional applications.

65. US8626252B2

    • Full Citation: US8626252 B2
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted January 7, 2014 (Filed Jun 28, 2013)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a portable non-invasive blood glucose monitoring system that uses optical spectroscopy and an algorithm to reduce errors.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Highly relevant to portable, non-invasive optical glucose monitoring with error reduction. The specific wearable placements (teeth, wrist, ear), the multi-wavelength semiconductor source array, and the integrated smartphone/cloud ecosystem with its SNR enhancements and remote capabilities are likely distinguishing features for US11160455.

66. US8700109B2

    • Full Citation: US8700109 B2
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted April 15, 2014 (Filed Aug 20, 2010)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a wearable health monitoring device that includes optical sensors for physiological measurements and wireless communication to a processing unit.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Potentially anticipates claims related to wearable health monitoring with optical sensors and wireless communication. The specific measurement of blood constituents like glucose/ketones/HbA1c with optimized multi-wavelength semiconductor sources, and the detailed SNR enhancement methods of US11160455 are likely distinguishing features.

67. US8862214B2

    • Full Citation: US8862214 B2
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted October 14, 2014 (Filed May 23, 2011)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a non-invasive optical sensor for blood analytes, potentially glucose, using multiple wavelengths of light and signal processing to reduce interference.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Relevant to non-invasive multi-wavelength optical sensing of blood analytes with interference reduction. The specific wearable locations (teeth, wrist, ear), the configuration of the plurality of semiconductor sources, and the detailed smartphone/cloud integration with its specific SNR enhancement techniques could differentiate US11160455.

68. US8954133B2

    • Full Citation: US8954133 B2
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted February 10, 2015 (Filed Jan 10, 2013)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a wearable physiological monitoring device with optical sensors and wireless communication, specifically for health management.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Potentially anticipates claims related to wearable physiological monitoring devices with optical sensors and wireless communication for health management. The specific measurement of blood constituents like glucose/ketones/HbA1c with optimized multi-wavelength semiconductor sources, and the detailed SNR enhancement methods of US11160455 are likely distinguishing features.

69. US9055891B2

    • Full Citation: US9055891 B2
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted June 16, 2015 (Filed Aug 22, 2012)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a non-invasive blood glucose measurement system using near-infrared light and a sensor unit that can be placed on a body part.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Highly relevant to non-invasive NIR glucose measurement with a body-part sensor. The specific wearable device forms (e.g., on teeth), the particular multi-wavelength semiconductor source array, and the comprehensive data ecosystem with distinct SNR enhancement techniques, as claimed in US11160455, would be key for differentiation.

70. US9164032B2

    • Full Citation: US9164032 B2
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted October 20, 2015 (Filed Dec 17, 2013)
    • Brief Description: This patent, assigned to Omni Medsci Inc. (the same assignee as US11160455), describes methods and devices for optical measurements of blood constituents using mid-infrared or near-infrared light from super-continuum sources. It is also a continuation of US14/108,986, which shares a priority date with US11160455 (2012-12-31).
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): As a related patent from the same assignee with a shared priority chain, this patent is extremely relevant. It likely covers many underlying principles of non-invasive blood constituent measurement using multi-wavelength light. The claims in US11160455 would need to distinguish themselves by specific combinations of features not present in US9164032, such as the specific wearable form factors (teeth, wrist, ear) in combination with semiconductor sources (not necessarily super-continuum, although super-continuum sources are discussed as potential light sources in US11160455's detailed description), the arrangement of sources/detectors on arcs, and the precise definitions of SNR enhancement techniques or the detailed smartphone/cloud integration. Given the common assignee and priority, this patent is more likely to be considered same inventive entity or prior art under 35 U.S.C. § 102(a)(2) depending on the specific filing dates and content.

71. US9215978B2

    • Full Citation: US9215978 B2
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted December 22, 2015 (Filed Apr 15, 2014)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a wearable physiological monitoring device with optical sensors and wireless communication to a mobile device for data processing and display.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Highly relevant to wearable devices with optical sensors and wireless communication to a mobile device. The specific measurement of blood constituents like glucose/ketones/HbA1c with optimized multi-wavelength semiconductor sources, and the detailed SNR enhancement methods of US11160455 are likely distinguishing features.

72. US9254050B2

    • Full Citation: US9254050 B2
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted February 9, 2016 (Filed Jul 18, 2013)
    • Brief Description: This patent describes a portable non-invasive blood glucose measuring device using optical spectroscopy, designed for user convenience.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Highly relevant to portable, non-invasive optical glucose measuring devices. The specific wearable placements (teeth, wrist, ear), the multi-wavelength semiconductor source array, and the integrated smartphone/cloud ecosystem with its SNR enhancements and remote capabilities are likely distinguishing features for US11160455.

73. US9357945B2

    • Full Citation: US9357945 B2
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted June 7, 2016 (Filed Dec 17, 2013)
    • Brief Description: This patent, assigned to Omni Medsci Inc. (the same assignee as US11160455), describes methods and systems for non-invasive detection of chemical constituents in tissue using optical spectroscopy, particularly for medical diagnostics. It is also a continuation of an application sharing a priority date with US11160455 (2012-12-31).
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): As a related patent from the same assignee with a shared priority chain, this patent is extremely relevant. It likely covers many underlying principles of non-invasive chemical constituent measurement in tissue. The claims in US11160455 would need to distinguish themselves by specific combinations of features not present in US9357945, such as the specific wearable form factors (teeth, wrist, ear) in combination with semiconductor sources, the arrangement of sources/detectors on arcs, and the precise definitions of SNR enhancement techniques or the detailed smartphone/cloud integration. Given the common assignee and priority, this patent is more likely to be considered same inventive entity or prior art under 35 U.S.C. § 102(a)(2) depending on the specific filing dates and content.

74. US9651533B2

    • Full Citation: US9651533 B2
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted May 16, 2017 (Filed Oct 6, 2015)
    • Brief Description: This patent, assigned to Omni Medsci Inc. (the same assignee as US11160455), describes systems and methods for non-invasive optical sensing of analytes. It shares priority with US14/108,986, which is linked to the priority date of US11160455.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Highly relevant due to common assignee and shared priority. This patent would cover broad aspects of non-invasive optical analyte sensing. Claims in US11160455 would need to rely on specific novel combinations of features, such as the exact wearable form factors, specific semiconductor light source configurations, and detailed SNR enhancement and cloud integration features, to differentiate itself.

75. US9993159B2

    • Full Citation: US9993159 B2
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted June 12, 2018 (Filed Dec 17, 2013)
    • Brief Description: This patent, assigned to Omni Medsci Inc. (the same assignee as US11160455), describes non-invasive optical measurements of blood constituents. It is a continuation of US14/109,007, which shares a priority date with US11160455 (2012-12-31).
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Extremely relevant due to common assignee and shared priority. This patent specifically addresses non-invasive optical measurements of blood constituents. Differentiation for US11160455 would likely rely on very specific structural features of the wearable device (e.g., arrangement of sources/detectors on arcs for different placements like teeth), the explicit "plurality of semiconductor sources" generating a "plurality of optical wavelengths" in particular ranges for specific physiological parameters (glucose, ketones, HbA1c), and the described SNR enhancement techniques and full smartphone/cloud integration.

76. US10386230B2

    • Full Citation: US10386230 B2
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted August 20, 2019 (Filed Nov 12, 2018)
    • Brief Description: This patent, assigned to Omni Medsci Inc. (the same assignee as US11160455), describes non-invasive multi-wavelength devices for analyzing tissue. It is a continuation of several earlier applications, including US15/855,201 and US16/004,154, suggesting a common lineage with US11160455.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Highly relevant due to common assignee and continuation chain. This patent broadly covers non-invasive multi-wavelength tissue analysis. Claims in US11160455 would need to distinguish themselves by the specific application to blood measurements in tissue, the precise wearable form factors (teeth, wrist, ear), and the detailed methods of SNR enhancement and specific data processing/cloud integration.

77. US10517484B2

    • Full Citation: US10517484 B2
    • Publication/Filing Date: Granted December 31, 2019 (Filed Oct 23, 2018)
    • Brief Description: This patent, assigned to Omni Medsci Inc. (the same assignee as US11160455), describes a multi-wavelength wearable device for non-invasive measurements in tissue. It is a continuation of US15/711,907 and is very similar in title and scope to US11160455.
    • Potential Anticipated Claim(s) (under 35 U.S.C. § 102): Extremely relevant. Given the almost identical title and common assignee, this patent is likely a direct parent or sibling application that covers very similar subject matter. Differentiation for US11160455 would depend on very narrow distinctions in claim language, such as specific combinations of light sources (e.g., LED type, number, or arrangement on arcs), detection system configurations, or the explicit details of the SNR enhancement methodologies not found in US10517484. As a co-pending or parent application, it would be considered prior art only if its effective filing date (or that of its priority chain) predates the earliest claimed invention date of US11160455 and it was published before US11160455's effective filing date. Otherwise, it may be subject to common ownership exceptions or obviousness-type double patenting considerations.

The numerous citations by the same assignee (Omni Medsci Inc.) and references to continuation applications highlight a family of patents related to non-invasive optical measurements in tissue. These family members are often the most relevant prior art, potentially anticipating or rendering obvious various aspects of the claimed invention, depending on their specific disclosures and relative priority dates. The distinctions for US11160455 likely lie in the precise combination of a wearable device adapted for specific locations (teeth, wrist, ear), using a plurality of semiconductor sources to generate multiple optical wavelengths, with a detection system configured for SNR enhancement (e.g., by increasing intensity or comparing on/off signals), and integration with a smartphone/tablet and cloud for comprehensive data management and processing.

Obviousness Analysis under 35 U.S.C. § 103

A patent claim is obvious under 35 U.S.C. § 103 if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious to a person having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. The framework for determining obviousness involves several factual inquiries, as outlined in Graham v. John Deere Co.: (A) determining the scope and content of the prior art; (B) ascertaining the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art; and (C) resolving the level of ordinary skill in the pertinent art. An explicit articulation of the reason(s) why the claimed invention would have been obvious is required.

The effective filing date of US11160455 is October 23, 2020, with a priority date of December 31, 2012.

Scope and Content of Prior Art

The following prior art documents are listed in US11160455:

• US 9,164,032 B2
• US 9,993,159 B2
• WO 2014/143276 A2
• WO 2014/105521 A1

These references are all related to optical measurement in biological tissue and remote sensing using various light sources and detection systems.

US 9,164,032 B2 (Priority claimed from 2013-12-17)

This patent pertains to non-invasive monitoring of physiological parameters. While the full text isn't provided here, the presence of US 9,164,032 B2 as a priority claim for US11160455 indicates a close relationship in subject matter, likely covering aspects of optical measurement in tissue.

US 9,993,159 B2 (Priority claimed from 2013-12-17)

Similarly, US 9,993,159 B2 is also listed as a priority claim for US11160455. This suggests it also deals with related technology in non-invasive physiological parameter measurement using optical techniques.

WO 2014/143276 A2 (Priority claimed from 2013-12-17)

This international application is also a priority document, reinforcing the idea of a family of patents related to non-invasive optical measurements.

WO 2014/105521 A1 (Priority claimed from 2013-12-17)

Another priority document, likely disclosing foundational aspects of the non-invasive optical measurement technology.

In addition to these, the detailed description of US11160455 itself discusses existing technologies and challenges that would be known to a person of ordinary skill in the art at the time of invention. For example, it mentions:

• The challenge of non-invasive glucose monitoring requiring adequate sensitivity, selectivity, and repeatability, often hampered by skin artifacts in the near-infrared.
• The use of near-infrared spectroscopy, broadband light sources (like tungsten lamps), and pattern matching (spectral fingerprinting) for identifying blood constituents.
• Various apparatuses for caries detection, including C-clamps, handheld devices, and mouth-guard type apparatuses.
• The use of fiber optics to guide light and transport signals.
• The existence of SWIR super-continuum sources for active remote sensing, spectroscopy, or hyper-spectral imaging.
• Spectroscopy using NIR or SWIR light for rapid, non-destructive, non-contact screening of pharmaceuticals, as most organic compounds have overtone or combination absorption bands in this range (e.g., 1-2.5 microns).
• Optical breast imaging, utilizing intrinsic tissue contrast (hemoglobin, water, collagen, lipid) or exogenous fluorescent probes.
• The use of optical instruments that are portable and cost-effective, especially when telecommunications and fiber optics technologies are exploited.
• The concept of increasing signal-to-noise ratio by increasing light intensity or comparing signals when sources are on versus off.
• The use of multiple optical wavelengths (e.g., three for measurement/calibration, near infrared or visible).
• Arrangements of light sources and detectors on arcs.
• The application of artificial intelligence, pattern identification, classification, and regression signal processing methodologies.
• Wearable physiological monitors using optical sensing systems to provide calibrated measurements for heart rate, blood pressure, hydration, and blood oxygenation, wearable on an appendage like the wrist or ankle.

Level of Ordinary Skill in the Art

A person having ordinary skill in the art (POSA) in this field would likely have a background in biomedical engineering, optical engineering, electrical engineering, or a related discipline, with experience in non-invasive physiological monitoring, spectroscopy, and data processing. They would be familiar with different light sources (LEDs, lasers), detectors, optical fibers, and signal processing techniques, including those involving microprocessors, wireless communication, and cloud-based systems. They would also understand the physiological challenges of non-invasive measurements and common methods to mitigate them, such as improving signal-to-noise ratio.

Obviousness Combinations and Motivations

Given the context of the prior art and the general knowledge in the field, several combinations of prior art references could render the claims of US11160455 obvious. The underlying motivation for these combinations would stem from the recognized challenges in non-invasive physiological monitoring, the desire for improved accuracy, convenience, and data processing capabilities, and the availability of known technological solutions.

Combination 1: Prior Art (US 9,164,032 B2, US 9,993,159 B2, WO 2014/143276 A2, WO 2014/105521 A1) + General Knowledge of Wireless Communication and Cloud Computing

• Claim 1 broadly describes a system comprising a wearable device, a smartphone/tablet, and a cloud. The prior art documents (US 9,164,032 B2, US 9,993,159 B2, WO 2014/143276 A2, WO 2014/105521 A1) likely disclose the core optical measurement aspects within a wearable device for physiological parameters, as they are direct priority claims.
• Motivation to Combine: By the effective filing date of October 23, 2020, the integration of wearable health devices with smartphones for data display and transmission, and with cloud-based systems for storage and further processing, was a well-established trend in the consumer electronics and healthcare industries. A POSA would be motivated to combine the optical measurement capabilities of the wearable devices described in the priority art with readily available smartphone and cloud technologies to provide enhanced user experience, remote monitoring, and advanced data analysis. The patent itself mentions "value-add services may be provided by wirelessly communicating the monitored data to a handheld device such as a smart phone, and then wirelessly communicating the processed data to the cloud for storing, processing, and transmitting to several locations." This statement in the patent acts as an explicit motivation for such a combination.

Combination 2: Prior Art (US 9,164,032 B2, US 9,993,159 B2) + Known Techniques for Signal-to-Noise Ratio Improvement

• Claim 1 (and implicitly Claims 7 and 10) details methods for increasing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by increasing light intensity or comparing signals when light sources are on versus off.
• Motivation to Combine: Improving SNR is a fundamental goal in any measurement system, especially in non-invasive optical sensing where signals can be weak due to tissue scattering and absorption. The patent explicitly states that a "non-invasive system requires adequate sensitivity and selectivity, along with repeatability of the results." A POSA would be well aware of these challenges and the common techniques to address them. Increasing light intensity to improve SNR is a basic principle in optics, and comparing "light on" vs. "light off" signals (chopping or background subtraction) is a standard method to compensate for ambient light and detector dark current, thereby improving SNR. These techniques would be obvious to implement in optical measurement devices.

Combination 3: Prior Art (US 9,164,032 B2, US 9,993,159 B2) + General Knowledge of Multi-Wavelength Spectroscopy and Specific Wavelength Ranges for Blood Constituents

• Claim 1 (and implicitly Claims 7 and 10) specifies the use of a plurality of optical wavelengths, including near-infrared or visible wavelengths, and mentions that at least some light is scattered. The patent further elaborates on specific wavelengths for measuring glucose, ketones, and HbA1c (e.g., 1500-1850 nm and 2050-2500 nm in the SWIR range for glucose).
• Motivation to Combine: The use of multiple wavelengths for spectroscopy to identify and quantify different blood constituents is a well-known principle in the field, often referred to as "spectral fingerprinting." The patent states that to distinguish glucose from overlapping spectra, "it may be advantageous to have information at multiple wavelengths." A POSA would understand that different analytes have unique absorption spectra, and selecting specific wavelengths where these differences are pronounced is crucial for accurate measurement. The patent's discussion of water transmission windows, hemoglobin absorption features, and distinct peaks for glucose and ketones in the NIR/SWIR regions indicates established knowledge regarding appropriate wavelength selection for non-invasive blood measurements.

Combination 4: Prior Art (US 9,164,032 B2, US 9,993,159 B2) + General Knowledge of Wearable Device Design (e.g., Arc Arrangements, Placement on Wrist/Ear/Teeth)

• Claim 7 specifically describes LEDs and detectors arranged on one or more arcs and the device being placed on a wrist or ear. Claim 1 also mentions placement on teeth, wrist, or ear.
• Motivation to Combine: The design of wearable devices often involves conforming to body contours for comfort and effective optical coupling. Arranging light sources and detectors in an arc is a natural design choice for devices intended to be worn on curved body parts like wrists or ears to ensure consistent contact with the tissue. The selection of placement sites like the wrist, ear, or teeth is motivated by the desire to find locations with good blood perfusion and minimal interfering artifacts, as discussed in the patent (e.g., teeth having "fewer spectral artifacts than skin in the near-infrared"). A POSA would be motivated to optimize the physical arrangement of components on a wearable device for better contact and signal acquisition based on established anatomical knowledge and design principles for wearables. US20240298904A1, for instance, describes wearable physiological monitors configured for continuous measurement of physiological data, such as heart rate or blood pressure, wearable on an appendage, for example, wrist or ankle. It also mentions guiding the user to position the wearable device about a wrist of the user by presenting instructions in a user interface.

Combination 5: Prior Art (US 9,164,032 B2, US 9,993,159 B2) + General Knowledge of Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Signal Processing in Medical Devices

• Claim 10 introduces the use of artificial intelligence for decision-making and pattern identification, classification, or regression signal processing.
• Motivation to Combine: The application of AI and advanced signal processing (like pattern identification, classification, and regression) to complex datasets, such as those generated by multi-wavelength spectroscopic measurements, was a rapidly developing and widely known area of technology by 2020. Medical device development, in particular, was increasingly leveraging AI for improved diagnostic accuracy and personalized health insights. The patent itself notes that "pattern matching in spectral fingerprinting and various software techniques, the signatures from different constituents in the blood may be identified." A POSA would recognize the benefits of applying AI and sophisticated statistical methods to differentiate between spectrally similar analytes and to refine the accuracy of physiological parameter measurements, especially to overcome challenges like overlapping absorption spectra as noted in the discussion of FIG. 5.

In summary, the core inventive concept of US11160455, a multi-wavelength wearable device for non-invasive blood measurements integrated with a smartphone/cloud system, relies on combinations of known elements and techniques that a person of ordinary skill in the art would have been motivated to combine. The motivations arise from the recognized problems in the field (e.g., accuracy, convenience, data analysis), the availability of suitable technologies (e.g., smartphones, cloud computing, AI, specific optical components), and established scientific principles (e.g., spectroscopy, SNR improvement).