Invalidity dossier

US 10791934

Methods and systems for creating and interacting with three dimensional virtual models

Current assignee: 3Shape A/S, 3Shape TRIOS A/S, 3Shape, Inc.

Added 9/30/2026, 12:42:56 AM

IndustryMedical (M)
At a glanceNo PTAB challenges1 lawsuit on fileasserted by 3Shape A/S +2Medical (M)

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Patent summary

Title, assignee, inventors, filing/issue dates, abstract, and a plain-language overview of the claims.

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US 10,791,934 — Analyst Summary

Caveat first: I was unable to retrieve the verbatim granted claim text of US 10,791,934 from an authoritative source within this session (my retrievals returned the specification/summary text, not the patent's numbered claims column). Everything below marked as "claims" is derived from the patent's own Summary-of-the-Invention structure; treat the exact claim wording as unverified. I also found no CAFC 2026 docket or appeal involving US 10,791,934 — the 2026 Align-related Federal Circuit activity concerns different patent numbers (see "Litigation" below).

Bibliographic data (as printed on the patent and in Google Patents)

Field Value
Patent number US 10,791,934 B2
Title Methods and systems for creating and interacting with three dimensional virtual models
Inventor Avi Kopelman (residence printed as "Tenaify, NJ" on the granted front page)
Assignee Align Technology, Inc., San Jose, CA
Application no. 15/050,673 (pub. US 2016/0171128 A1)
Filed Feb. 23, 2016
Issued Oct. 6, 2020
Earliest priority (as listed) Jul. 19, 2010 (US provisional 61/365,556); PCT/IL2011/00574 filed Jul. 19, 2011
Continuity Continuation of 13/574,723, now US 9,299,192
Claims / drawings 22 claims, 8 drawing sheets
Adjusted expiration (as listed) 2032-05-08 — "legal status is an assumption" per the source
CPC classes A61C 7/002, A61C 9/0053, A61C 13/0004, A61B 5/0088, G06T 19/20, G06T 19/00, G06F 30/00, G16H 20/40

Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/US10791934/en and the patent copy filed as an exhibit in Align Technology, Inc. v. 3Shape A/S et al., No. 6:20-cv-00979 (W.D. Tex.), D.I. 1-5 (filed Oct. 19, 2020), https://www.docketalarm.com/cases/Texas_Western_District_Court/6--20-cv-00979/ (this copy confirms the "(10) Patent No.: US 10,791,934 B2 / (45) Date of Patent: Oct. 6, 2020 / 22 Claims, 8 Drawing Sheets" front page).

Abstract (verbatim)

"Systems and methods are provided for modifying a virtual model of a physical structure with additional 3D data obtained from the physical structure to provide a modified virtual model."

Plain-language overview of the independent claims

The '934 specification is organized around three "aspects" (method, method, method) plus a computer-system aspect and a computer-readable-medium (program) aspect. On that basis the independent claims are best understood as follows (again — wording inferred from the specification, not confirmed claim language):

  1. First aspect / method: A computer-based method of modifying a 3D virtual model of a physical structure by (A) displaying an image of the virtual model on a display of a computer system; (B) identifying, by interacting with the displayed image, at least a portion of the model to be modified; and (C) modifying the model by replacing that portion, in the computer, with additional 3D data obtained from the physical structure, to produce a modified virtual model. In the dental context the physical structure is an intra-oral cavity or a physical dental model, and the "portion" is typically a poorly-scanned or obscured region (e.g., a finish line hidden by saliva, blood, debris, or by the gum).

  2. Second aspect / method: A related method framed around data handling: (A) providing the virtual model obtained from the physical structure; (B) providing additional 3D data obtained from at least a part of the physical structure; (C) identifying at least one portion of the model to be modified using that additional data; and (D) modifying the model by replacing the identified portion with the additional 3D data.

  3. Third aspect / method: A method in which the interaction itself does the replacement — (A) displaying the virtual model; (B) identifying the corresponding portion on the display; and (C) interacting with the display image to replace that portion with the additional 3D data (a "delete/replace" cursor or wand/touch gesture applied to a screen region, where each pixel maps to a set of 3D data points).

  4. Computer system / computer-readable medium claims: A system (display + processor interaction) and a tangible program product (optical disc, magnetic disc, tape, or solid-state memory) configured to carry out the corresponding steps above — i.e., display the model, accept user interaction to identify a portion, and replace that portion with the re-acquired 3D data.

Recurring limitations across aspects, per the summary: the second physical part at least partially overlaps the first so registration is possible; the replacement region spatially corresponds to but is topographically different from the deleted region; the first model part fails a predetermined requirement (insufficient surface definition, obscured finish line, or a preparation inadequate to seat a prosthesis); and downstream steps of designing an orthodontic treatment plan or manufacturing a physical dental model, aligner, orthodontic appliance, or prosthesis from the modified model.

Litigation / docket status

Explicit uncertainties

  1. Independent-claim identification is inferred, not verified. I mapped the independent claims from the specification's three aspects + system + CRM aspects. I could not verify how many independent claims the 22 granted claims contain or their exact numbering/wording.
  2. No CAFC 2026 docket for 10,791,934 was found. This is a negative finding from limited searching; it is not proof of absence of such a docket.
  3. Numbers that are NOT this patent (do not conflate): US 10,791,936, US 11,049,248, US 10,755,409, US 11,648,090, US 10,610,107, US 10,945,609, US 11,147,458, US 11,284,802 — all appear in the '934 family or in Align litigation but are distinct documents.
  4. Priority/expiry dates carry the source's own disclaimer that they are assumptions, not legal conclusions.

Generated 9/30/2026, 12:54:18 AM

Cases on file (1)

Group view →

Specific litigation cases in our database that name US patent 10791934. The free-form analysis below may also discuss cases beyond this list.

Litigation summary

Past and pending lawsuits — plaintiffs, defendants, jurisdictions, outcomes, and notable rulings.

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I'll research litigation involving US patent 10791934 across patent litigation sources.

Let me search more specifically for the case identified in the patent's litigation records.

I found key litigation records. Let me verify the details and check for additional cases (ITC, IPRs, and other defendants).

Summary

Based on searches of patent-litigation sources (Unified Patents litigation portal, Docket Alarm/PACER dockets, CourtListener, and Align Technology's own press releases and SEC filings), US Patent No. 10,791,934 ("the '934 patent," titled "Methods and Systems for Creating and Interacting With Three Dimensional Virtual Models," assigned to Align Technology, Inc.) has been involved in two federal district-court matters — both part of the Align Technology ↔ 3Shape patent dispute. In both, the '934 patent was asserted and then dropped by stipulation in April 2021. No other litigation (ITC, SDC, other defendants) involving the '934 patent specifically was found.


Case 1 — Align Technology, Inc. v. 3Shape A/S and 3Shape Trios A/S

Field Detail
Plaintiff Align Technology, Inc.
Defendants 3Shape A/S and 3Shape Trios A/S
Jurisdiction U.S. District Court for the Western District of Texas, Waco Division (Judge Alan D. Albright)
Case number 6:20-cv-00979-ADA (sometimes cited as 6:20-cv-00979)
Filing date October 2020 (announced October 19, 2020)
'934 role Asserted by Align — Count Five of the original complaint; one of seven newly asserted patents (U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,101,433; 10,728,519; 10,750,151; 10,750,152; 10,791,934; 10,791,936; and 10,709,527) against 3Shape's TRIOS scanners
Status/Outcome '934 claim withdrawn without prejudice. Per an April 2, 2021 joint stipulation (Dkt. 102), Align agreed that its Amended Complaint (adding U.S. Pat. No. 10,945,609) would not include the '934 infringement claim, "without prejudice to its ability to assert that claim in the future."

The '934 patent was (along with its sibling '936) directed to "selective rescanning" functionality. Align's own motion for leave to amend described the case as concerning "methods and systems for selective rescanning … U.S. Patent Nos. 10,791,934 and 10,791,936."

Sources:


Case 2 — 3Shape A/S, 3Shape Trios A/S, and 3Shape, Inc. v. Align Technology, Inc.

Field Detail
Plaintiffs 3Shape A/S, 3Shape Trios A/S, and 3Shape, Inc.
Defendant Align Technology, Inc.
Jurisdiction U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware (Judge Leonard P. Stark)
Case number 1:20-cv-01492-LPS
Filing date November 2, 2020
'934 role Subject of a Complaint for Declaratory Judgment of Non-Infringement — Count V ("'934 patent"). 3Shape sought a declaration that it does not infringe Align's '934 patent (listed among the "Patents-in-Suit"/"Texas Patents").
Status/Outcome DJ claim on '934 dismissed without prejudice by the same April 2, 2021 stipulation (3Shape agreed to dismiss "its declaratory judgment claim for non-infringement of the '934 patent in 3Shape's Delaware DJ action (Count V …), without prejudice"). The case was earlier stayed (stipulated stay, Dec. 2020) and was ultimately dismissed — "Civil Case Terminated" on March 3, 2022 (Dkt. 30, stipulated order of dismissal).

This is the case linked from the patent's Google Patents "litigation" record.

Sources:


Related proceeding (flagged — not confirmed to target the '934 patent)

  • IPR2021-01240, 3Shape A/S v. Align Technology, Inc. (PTAB) — 3Shape filed an inter partes review against an Align patent in 2021; the April 2021 joint stipulation described above was filed as an exhibit (EX1025) in this IPR. I could not confirm from the available results that IPR2021-01240 itself challenged the '934 patent (it may have targeted a sibling patent, e.g., the '936). Treat this as a related Align–3Shape PTAB proceeding, not a confirmed '934 challenge.

What was NOT found

  • No ITC (Section 337) investigation appears to have asserted the '934 patent specifically. Align's late-2020 ITC actions against 3Shape (e.g., Inv. Nos. 337-TA-1091, 337-TA-1144) centered on the color-scanner and gingival-deformation patents, not the '934 selective-rescanning patent.
  • No litigation involving the '934 patent against SmileDirectClub, Densys, Medit, or any other defendant was found. (Align's other disputes — SDC arbitrations/antitrust, Densys v. Align, the Snow/Invisalign antitrust class action, etc. — concern different patents or are not patent-assertion suits on the '934.)
  • Note the '934 patent is in the same family as U.S. Pat. No. 9,299,192 (the parent, asserted in Align v. 3Shape, C.A. No. 17-cv-01646, D. Del.) and U.S. Pat. No. 10,945,609 (a continuation later added to the W.D. Tex. case). Those are different patents and are not reported here as '934 litigation.

Caveats

  • Case-status information reflects court dockets and Align's public disclosures as reflected in the search results; it is not a legal opinion, and dockets can change. Patent ownership/status statements are based on public records.
  • I have not located a single, definitive "final judgment on the merits" specifically adjudicating the '934 patent — in both matters the '934 patent was voluntarily removed from the case by stipulation (without prejudice) before any substantive ruling.

Generated 9/30/2026, 12:54:30 AM

Proceedings on file (0)

All PTAB activity →

AIA trial proceedings (IPR / PGR / CBM) filed at the USPTO Patent Trial and Appeal Board against this patent. Sourced from the USPTO Open Data Portal and refreshed every six hours; each proceeding number deep-links to the PTAB E2E docket.

Current assignee: 3Shape A/S, 3Shape TRIOS A/S, 3Shape, Inc.

No PTAB proceedings on file. This patent has not been challenged via IPR, PGR, or CBM. The absence is itself a signal — well-asserted patents eventually attract IPRs. The LLM analysis below may surface filings the ODP feed hasn’t indexed yet.

PTAB challenges

AIA trial proceedings at the USPTO Patent Trial and Appeal Board — IPR, PGR, and CBM. Petitioners, judge panels, claim-level invalidation outcomes from Final Written Decisions, and Federal Circuit appeals. The single most important defensive datapoint after litigation history.

✓ Generated

PTAB Proceedings Report — U.S. Patent No. 10,791,934

"Methods and Systems for Creating and Interacting with Three Dimensional Virtual Models"
Patent Owner: Align Technology, Inc. | Priority date: 2010-07-19 | Granted: 2020-10-06


Proceedings overview

There are zero AIA trial proceedings on file against U.S. Patent No. 10,791,934. The USPTO Open Data Portal returns no IPR, PGR, or CBM petition naming this patent, and my independent web search surfaced no petition, institution decision, or Final Written Decision directed at the '934 patent's claims. Status breakdown: 0 active / 0 claims invalidated / 0 claims sustained / 0 settled / 0 institution denials.

The defensive posture this gives a defendant is neither "hardened" nor "gutted" — it is untested. The patent has never been through an AIA validity trial, so every claim that issued (including independent claim 1) remains presumptively valid and stands exactly as granted. The correct read is not "the patent survived IPRs" (it never faced one) and certainly not "its claims are canceled" (none are). It is: this is an unexamined-at-PTAB patent whose entire claim set is still live, but which is also exposed to a first-challenge because no petitioner has yet burned any art on it. Note the related sibling patents have drawn IPRs (see context section), which tells you the family is being actively contested while the '934 itself sits untouched.


Proceedings

None. No proceedings to list.

I will not manufacture proceeding numbers to fill this section. No AIA trial has been filed against US 10,791,934 as of the ODP ingest underlying this report.


Related proceedings involving sibling patents (context only — NOT on this patent's file)

These do not name the '934 patent and must not be represented as challenges to it; they are included because they show how Align's "Selective Rescanning" family is being litigated.

  • U.S. Patent No. 10,791,936 — a sibling of the '934 (both were pleaded together by Align as the "Selective Rescanning Patents"). ClearCorrect Operating, LLC filed IPR2025-00817 (filed 2025-04-10; panel of APJs including Cynthia Hardman, Kevin Turner, Neil Powell), Exhibit 1001 of which is US 10,791,936, and it has been instituted ("Trial Instituted"). A companion ClearCorrect filing, IPR2025-00816, was instituted 2025-10-27. Source: Docket Alarm — IPR2025-00817.

  • Separate ClearCorrect IPRs against other Align patents — In the same January 2025 wave, petitioner challenged U.S. Patent Nos. 9,523,826; 10,313,024; 10,788,690; 10,042,116; and 11,648,301 (IPR2025-00434 series), with no identified petition on the '934.

  • District court / ITC litigation touching the '934 (relevant to § 315(b) timing and real-party-in-interest analysis, not PTAB activity): Align asserted the '934 against 3Shape A/S and 3Shape Trios A/S in Align Technology, Inc. v. 3Shape A/S, No. 6:20-cv-00979 (W.D. Tex.), filed 2020-10-19 (Align press release: investor.aligntech.com). 3Shape responded with a declaratory-judgment action in D. Del., No. 1:20-cv-01492 (the "Family has litigation" entry on the Google Patents page). Align later asserted the '934/'936 family against ClearCorrect in W.D. Tex., No. 6:24-cv-00187.

Caveat / confidence: I confirmed the ClearCorrect IPRs target the '936 sibling, not the '934. I did not find any petition, institution decision, or FWD naming the '934, and I am reporting that as the finding rather than inferring an unindexed proceeding. If a just-filed petition exists beyond the most recent ODP/serp index, it would not appear here.


Strategic summary

Claim status. Because there has never been an AIA trial, no claim of the '934 is canceled, and no claim has been held patentable over an IPR petitioner's art. The full issued claim set — including independent claim 1 and its dependents, and any independent method/system/CRM claims — is UNTESTED at the PTAB and carries the ordinary statutory presumption of validity. There is no FWD to cite, and any defendant who tells a court "these claims were invalidated" would be misrepresenting the record.

Estoppel landscape. With no petitioner, there is no § 315(e)(2) estoppel against anyone on this patent. That cuts both ways: a defendant today faces no estoppel bar of its own, but also enjoys no shortcut from a prior petitioner's win — there is no prior institution record to lean on for claim-construction positions or admitted art. Note the practical interaction with the sibling '936 IPRs (ClearCorrect, IPR2025-00816/-00817): a defendant in privity with ClearCorrect could be estopped as to the '936, but that estoppel does not extend to the '934, which is a distinct patent with distinct claims. A defendant should independently evaluate § 315(b) — the one-year bar runs from service of a complaint alleging infringement of this patent, and the 2020 3Shape action/2024 ClearCorrect action are the relevant service dates for those parties, not for a newly sued defendant.

Pattern signals. (1) No repeat petitioner on the '934 — because there has been no first petitioner at all. (2) The family, however, is a magnet for IPRs: Align's intraoral-scanning portfolio has been repeatedly challenged (3Shape's IPR2019/2020 wave; ClearCorrect's 2025 wave), and Align litigates hard and appeals — see the Federal Circuit's Dental Monitoring v. Align line on the '248/'945 patents. (3) I found no defensive aggregator (e.g., Unified Patents) in the chain for this patent; the litigation history is commercial-competitor driven (3Shape, ClearCorrect/Straumann), not troll-driven. (4) The patent's Google Patents entry is flagged "Active, expires 2032-05-08," giving a long runway before natural expiration — a first IPR is worth more here than on a near-expiry patent.


Recommended next steps

  • No PTAB activity exists — say so plainly. Do not build a defense narrative on a nonexistent IPR. The absence is itself a signal: the '934 has been asserted since 2020 without drawing a petition, which may mean (a) competitors chose to fight it in district court rather than at the PTAB, (b) the prior art positioned against it is thin, or (c) assertion targets settled or disengaged. Investigate which before assuming the claims are weak or strong.
  • Screen the sibling '936 IPRs for usable art. ClearCorrect's IPR2025-00817 petition (Exhibit 1001 = the '936) and its institution decision are public on the PTAB E2E docket; because the '934 and '936 share a specification and priority lineage, the art and claim-construction positions developed there are the best available starting point for scoping a first IPR against the '934. Link: PTAB E2E / Docket Alarm — IPR2025-00817.
  • If you intend to file a first IPR, calendar the clocks. For any new petition: § 315(b) one-year bar from service of an infringement complaint on you; a Patent Owner Preliminary Response window; the Board's § 314(b) three-month institution-decision deadline; and the § 316(a)(11) statutory one-year trial deadline from institution for the FWD. Confirm these against the current scheduling order in Align v. ClearCorrect (No. 6:24-cv-00187, W.D. Tex.), which Align has already used to press discretionary-denial arguments citing the district court's trial date.
  • Verify against the live docket before relying on this. This report's finding is "no proceedings on file" as of the source ingest (2026-09-30). Re-run the USPTO Patent Trial and Appeal Board E2E docket and the ODP API for US 10,791,934 immediately before any filing or invalidity-contentions deadline, because a first petition in this untested patent would change the entire defensive picture.

Sourcing note: The structured "PTAB proceedings on file" block (USPTO ODP) is treated as canonical and reports none for US 10,791,934. Web search confirmed the litigation and sibling-patent IPR context above but surfaced no proceeding naming the '934. No proceeding numbers, judges, or dispositions have been invented; where I could not confirm a fact, I have said so rather than supplying it.

Generated 9/30/2026, 12:54:45 AM

Assignment history

Inventors, original assignee, and the chain of ownership recorded with the USPTO — including the correspondent attorney who recorded each assignment, since shell-LLC chains often share one repeat-player attorney even when the entity names look unrelated. Surfaces NPE / patent-troll patterns: shell-entity transfers, known asserters in the chain, repeat correspondent fingerprints, pre-litigation assignments, and bankruptcy fire-sales.

✓ Generated

I'll research the assignment record for US 10,791,934. Let me search authoritative sources.

Let me search more specifically for assignment records and legal events.

Let me check Google Patents legal events and the assignment center directly.

Assignment & Ownership Analysis — US 10,791,934 B2

Verification caveat up front. I attempted to query the USPTO Assignment Center (assignmentcenter.uspto.gov, mirrored at assignment.uspto.gov) and Google Patents' legal‑events/assignment view for this patent number. The retrievals in this session returned no machine‑readable assignment records (no reel/frame, no assignor/assignee, no correspondent data) for US 10,791,934. I therefore cannot state a reel/frame number or a recorded‑assignment chain, and I will not fabricate one. What follows distinguishes (a) what I verified, from (b) what is inferred from the assignee-of-record fields, and (c) what is unknown.


Inventors

Inventor Employer at filing (determinable) Source
Avi Kopelman (sole named inventor) Align Technology, Inc. — the application is a 371 national‑phase/continuation of PCT/IL2011/000574, filed by Align, and the front page lists Applicant = Align Technology, Inc., San Jose, CA Granted front page, USP 10,791,934 B2; PCT/IL2011/000574
  • Residence as printed on the '934 front page: "Tenaify, NJ" (a typographical rendering; the sibling US 10,791,936 front page lists Kopelman at "Palo Alto, CA"). Treat the NJ/Palo Alto discrepancy as a printing artifact, not a substantive ownership fact.
  • Pattern note (no adverse finding): A single inventor — the same person — is named across the enumerated family (see below). There is no evidence of all inventors departing the assignee within 12 months of filing. Kopelman appears as a repeat Align inventor across other Align filings (e.g., EP3119347, EP3319544), indicating a continuing employee‑inventor relationship, which is the opposite of a portfolio‑fire‑sale precursor. This is a negative finding.

Family of continuations linked to the same priority (from the Google Patents family timeline on the '934 record). These are separate documents and should not be conflated with '934 itself: US 10,610,107; US 10,791,936; US 10,945,609; US 11,147,458; US 11,284,802; US 11,426,077; US 11,690,517; US 12,048,512; US 2024/0350017 A1. Every one of these is listed to Align Technology, Inc. as assignee, which is consistent with the entire family remaining in Align's hands.


Original assignee

  • Entity named on the issued patent (73): Align Technology, Inc., San Jose, CA (Delaware corporation). Confirmed on the granted front page and by the Google Patents "Original Assignee" field.
  • Products embodying the claims: Yes. Align is the maker of Invisalign clear aligners and the iTero intraoral scanner line; the '934 claims are directed to intraoral‑scan data capture/registration and 3D‑model editing — i.e., the scanner/software workflow, which Align ships commercially. The asserted family (including US 10,791,936) is described in the same scanning pipeline.
  • Primary line of business: Medical devices — orthodontic aligners, intraoral scanners, and CAD/CAM digital dentistry; a publicly traded operating company (NASDAQ: ALGN).
  • Current status: Operating; no bankruptcy, no dissolution, no acquisition. Its 10‑Qs/10‑Ks disclose active IP‑assertion campaigns, not asset disposals (see Litigation below).

Assignment timeline

Plainly stated: I could not retrieve the Assignment Center record for this patent, and I found no evidence of any post‑issuance assignment away from Align Technology, Inc. The Google Patents record shows Current Assignee = Align Technology, Inc. and Original Assignee = Align Technology, Inc. — for a patent whose ownership had changed hands through a recorded assignment, the current‑assignee field would normally reflect the transferee. The absence of a new owner in that field is the best available proxy for "no assignment away from Align has been recorded," but it is a proxy, not the reel/frame itself.

Accordingly, no reel/frame entries can be listed. Do not treat the following as recorded assignments — they are continuity events, not conveyances:

Date Event (not an assignment) Source
2010‑07‑19 Provisional 61/365,556 filed (priority) '934 front page / Google Patents
2011‑07‑19 PCT/IL2011/000574 filed by Align '934 front page
2013‑01‑04 US national phase 13/574,723 filed → later US 9,299,192 '934 cross‑reference paragraph
2016‑02‑23 Continuation 15/050,673 filed (this application) '934 front page
2020‑10‑06 US 10,791,934 B2 granted to Align '934 front page

If Assignment Center is in fact empty for this number, the inference is that the inventor→Align assignment and Align's internal holding are the only conveyances of record (common for large operating companies that record a single inventor assignment in the PCT/US national‑phase file rather than re‑recording per continuation). I cannot confirm the reel/frame of even that original assignment from the sources retrieved.

Correspondent of record (context, not verified for this patent's assignment reel): Align's prosecution correspondence consistently routes through Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati (WSGR), 650 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, with docket email patentdocket@wsgr.com, as shown in Align's PTAB filings (e.g., the 13/470,681 file history in ClearCorrect v. Align, IPR2025‑00820 exhibits). This is prosecution counsel, not a recorded‑assignment correspondent, and WSGR is a mainstream full‑service firm that does both operating‑company and other patent work — so its presence is not a troll signal.


Timeline diagram

timeline
    title Ownership of US 10791934
    2010 : Provisional filed by Kopelman
    2011 : PCT application filed by Align
    2013 : National phase filed as 13 574 723
    2016 : Continuation filed as 15 050 673
    2020 : Patent issued to Align Technology
    2020 : Align sues 3Shape over family patents

NPE / troll-pattern signals

# Signal Call Basis
1 Shell-entity transfer Not present Current assignee = Align Technology, Inc. (a Delaware operating corporation with a real HQ at 2560/2820 Orchard Parkway, San Jose). No "IP/Holdings/Licensing/Ventures" LLC anywhere in the record retrieved. No registered‑agent‑service address; no single‑purpose LLC.
2 Known asserter in the chain Not present No Acacia, Marathon, IV, IPNav, Wi‑LAN/Mosaid/Conversant, Vringo, Pendrell, Innovatio, MPHJ, Lumen View, Round Rock, Document Generation Corp, or Spangenberg entity appears. Assignee of record is the original operating company.
3 Repeat correspondent across the chain Unclear / not verifiable I could not retrieve the assignment‑record correspondent for this patent. The prosecution correspondent (WSGR) recurs across Align matters, but that is ordinary operating‑company counsel and does not meet the "shell LLCs change, the lawyer doesn't" test.
4 Cascading transfers Not present No chain of chained LLCs within <24 months; no successive assignees at all in the record retrieved.
5 Pre-litigation transfer Not present The 2020 suits against 3Shape/ClearCorrect were brought by Align itself as plaintiff/patentee, not by a transferee. No assignment dated within 6 months before any suit.
6 Bankruptcy fire-sale Not present No Chapter 7/11 for Align; no recorded sale of this family in any proceeding.
7 Privateering Not present Inverse pattern: Align asserts in its own name against competitors (3Shape, ClearCorrect, Dental Monitoring). No transfer‑to‑NPE‑asserting‑on‑behalf‑of transferor.
8 Defensive aggregator Not present Chain does not terminate at RPX, AST, LOT, Unified Patents, or OIN. The patent has not been neutralized.

Litigation cross‑reference (supports "operating‑company assertion," not NPE):

  • 3Shape A/S et al. v. Align Technology, Inc., No. 1:20‑cv‑01492‑LPS (D. Del., filed Nov. 2, 2020) — the Rule 3 report lists 10,791,934 among the patents at issue. The mirror of this is Align's own WDTX case below.
  • Align Technology, Inc. v. 3Shape A/S et al., No. 6:20‑cv‑00979 (W.D. Tex.) — the '934 specification is D.I. 1‑5 (filed Oct. 19, 2020). Note: the previously generated section correctly flagged that WDTX asserted‑patent status for '934 specifically was unverified.
  • ClearCorrect Operating, LLC v. Align Technology, Inc. (PTAB) — IPR2025‑00820 is directed at US 11,648,090 (a different Align patent), not '934; do not attribute it here.
  • CAFC 2026: consistent with the prior section, no 2026 Federal Circuit docket naming 10,791,934 was found; the 2026 Align/Dental Monitoring appeals concern other numbers (e.g., 11,049,248; 10,755,409).

Verdict

Operating-company assertion.

Align Technology, Inc. is both the original and the current assignee of record — the Google Patents assignee fields show no transferee, and no shell‑LLC, known‑asserter, cascading‑transfer, or defensive‑aggregator link appears anywhere in the retrievable record. Align ships products embodying the claims (iTero intraoral scanners / Invisalign digital‑dentistry workflow) and asserts the family in its own name against actual competitors (3Shape, D. Del. 1:20‑cv‑01492 and W.D. Tex. 6:20‑cv‑00979; ClearCorrect/Dental Monitoring at the PTAB and CAFC). All eight NPE‑pattern signals are not present or, for the correspondent signal, unverifiable rather than adverse.

Residual uncertainty (stated plainly): because I could not pull the actual Assignment Center reel/frame for this number, I cannot exclude an unrecorded or recently recorded transfer; my "no transfer" conclusion rests on the assignee‑of‑record fields, not on a reel/frame confirmation. If you need the definitive answer, verify directly at the USPTO Assignment Center:

A single inventor→"Align Technology, Inc." assignment (and, if applicable, a security‑interest recording tied to Align's credit facilities) is the expected — but unconfirmed — content of that record.

Generated 9/30/2026, 12:54:52 AM

Prior art

Earlier patents, publications, and products that may anticipate or render the claims unpatentable.

✓ Generated

I'll search for the specific patent and its cited references.

Let me try to retrieve the specific "References Cited" section for this patent from other patent databases.

The Docket Alarm copy of the patent's front page surfaced the "References Cited" section. Let me retrieve the complete list and corroborate from other databases.

Important scoping notes before the substance

1. Source limitation. I could not open a USPTO-hosted record (PatentCenter/PatFT) directly — my tooling returns search results, not database records. The best authoritative artifact I retrieved is a copy of the printed USPTO patent as filed in litigation — Align Technology, Inc. v. 3Shape A/S et al., No. 6:20-cv-00979 (W.D. Tex.), D.I. 1-5 — whose front page matches US 10,791,934 exactly ((72) Inventor: Avi Kopelman; (71) Applicant: ALIGN TECHNOLOGY, INC.; (63) Continuation of application No. 13/574,723 … PCT/IL2011/000574 … now Pat. No. 9,299,192). Google Patents corroborates the same bibliographic record.

2. The "(56) References Cited" list did not come from the patent text block quoted in this session. The full-text block provided to me is the specification only — it contains no front-page citations column. The list below comes from the OCR text of the D.I. 1-5 exhibit, which I could only read through a search snippet, not a clean PDF.

3. Therefore: treat the reference numbers/dates below as OCR-quality. The snippet was (a) truncated mid-list (e.g., an entry beginning 2003/021576…), (b) jumbled in reading order (mid-list US patent numbers appeared after the "OTHER PUBLICATIONS" heading), and (c) contained at least two garbled spellings of inventor names (Kesting for the orthodontist Kesling; Chishit for Align inventor Chishti). I flag which entries I am confident about vs. not. Do not rely on these digits without verifying against the printed patent PDF. Per your rule, I have not silently "corrected" any numbers — where I believe the OCR is wrong I say so explicitly rather than editing it.

4. Contradiction to flag. The prior section's baseline says today's date is 2026-09-30 (system) and the present task header says 2026-04-26. The prior section also cites Federal Circuit decisions dated July 7, 2026 and Aug. 10, 2026 — dates after the April 26, 2026 header. These are inconsistent; I flag it and note it does not affect the prior-art analysis below.


A. Key threshold point for § 102 in this patent

US 10,791,934 issued Oct. 6, 2020 from an application filed Feb. 23, 2016 — i.e., a post-AIA application — but it claims a benefit chain: continuation of 13/574,723 → U.S. national phase of PCT/IL2011/000574 (filed 2011-07-19) → US provisional 61/365,556 (filed 2010-07-19). Its effective filing date is therefore 2010-07-19 (as Google Patents prints). That date drives everything:

  • § 102(a)(1) prior art = anything publicly available before 2010-07-19.
  • § 102(a)(2) prior art = U.S. patents/published applications effectively filed before 2010-07-19.

Consequently, almost every reference on the front page predates the critical date and is facially available as § 102 art — except US 9,299,192 (3/2016), which is the parent of the same family and is cited as a related application, not as prior art.

Also: anticipation under § 102 requires a single reference disclosing every limitation as arranged in the claim. As flagged in the earlier section, I do not have the verbatim granted claim text of the '934, so I cannot responsibly assign anticipation to a specific numbered claim. Below I map each reference to the claim concepts the specification organizes around — explicitly labeled as inference, not verified claim language.


B. The references cited (as recovered)

Source: Docket Alarm copy of US 10,791,934 (D.I. 1-5, WDTX 6:20-cv-00979), https://www.docketalarm.com/cases/Texas_Western_District_Court/6--20-cv-00979/Align_Technology_Inc._v._3Shape_A-S_et_al/docs/1/5.pdf; bibliographic cross-check at https://patents.google.com/patent/US10791934/en.

U.S. Patent Documents (56)

No. (as retrieved) Date Inventor Confidence Brief description § 102 potential
2,467,432 A 4/1949 "Kesting" (Kesling) Number high / name OCR-garbled Kesling tooth-positioning (positioner) appliance None realistically. Pre-dates 3D modeling entirely; no virtual model, display, or scan-replacement disclosure.
3,407,500 A 10/1968 "Kesting" (Kesling) Number high / name OCR-garbled Kesling tooth-positioning appliance / set-up method None realistically, same reason.
6,244,861 B1 6/2001 Andreiko et al. Medium Custom orthodontic appliance forming from a digital model Weak. Digital-model → appliance manufacture, but no on-screen delete-and-replace of a defective model region.
6,309,215 B1 11/2001 Phan et al. (Align) Medium Manipulating a digital dentition model (segmentation/manipulation) Moderate — background art for the "manipulate the displayed virtual model" step. Not a § 102 anticipation: no re-scan-and-substitute teaching.
6,315,553 B1 11/2001 Sachdeva et al. Medium Simulating tooth movement / appliance design Weak.
6,322,359 B1 11/2001 Jordan et al. (Ormco) Medium Designing/forming a custom orthodontic appliance Weak.
6,334,853 B1 1/2002 Zachariasen et al. High — this is the patent the '934 specification expressly incorporates by reference for the occlusion-map/thickness analysis Dental occlusion map of a 3D virtual model of upper/lower jaws (distances between opposite teeth) Moderate — bears directly on the "determine the preparation is inadequate" limitation (see § C.3 of the spec). Not an anticipation of the delete/scan/stitch core.
6,350,120 B1 9/2002 Sachdeva et al. Low (date suspect) Interactive orthodontic care / appliance design Weak.
6,382,975 B1 5/2002 Poirier Low (Description unverified in this session) Cannot assess.
6,395,748 B1 5/2002 Muhammad et al. Low (Unverified) Cannot assess.
6,402,707 B1 6/2002 Ernst Low (Unverified) Cannot assess.
6,482,298 B1 11/2002 Bhatnagar Medium Dental model/scanner-related (Align family) Weak-moderate background.
6,524,101 B1 2/2003 Phan et al. (Align) Medium Digital dentition model manipulation Moderate background; not anticipation.
6,554,611 B2 4/2003 "Chishit" (Chishti) et al. (Align) High "Method and system for incrementally moving teeth" → aligner manufacture Relevant to the downstream "manufacture an aligner" limitations only.
6,573,372 B1 6/2003 Phan et al. (Align) Medium Align digital-model family Background.
6,629,860 B2 10/2003 "Chishit" (Chishti) et al. Medium Align family Background.
6,705,863 B2 3/2004 Phan et al. Medium Align family Background.
6,722,880 B2 4/2004 "Chishit" (Chishti) et al. Medium Align family Background.
6,739,850 B1 6/2004 Taub et al. Low (Unverified) Cannot assess.
7,020,275 B2 4/2006 Rubbert et al. High "Interactive orthodontic care system based on intra-oral scanning of teeth" — the classic Rubbert/Align interactive intra-oral-scanning workflow Closest of the U.S. patents to the '934's "scan → display → interact with the model" framework. Still lacks the specific "delete the defective region and substitute re-scanned 3D data" step — so best characterized as § 103 fodder / background, not clean § 102 anticipation.
7,347,656 B2 3/2008 Marshall Low (Unverified) Cannot assess.
7,476,100 B2 1/2009 Kopelman et al. (Align) Medium Same-inventor family; scanning/modeling Background; note common-inventor issue if ever used as art.
7,536,234 B2 5/2009 Kopelman et al. Medium Same-inventor family Background.
7,555,403 B2 6/2009 Kopelman et al. Medium Scanning / intra-oral data family Background.
9,299,192 B2 3/2016 Kopelman High The '934's own parent application (same disclosure) NOT prior art. Listed under "Cross-Reference to Related Applications." Only a § 102(e)/§ 102(a)(2) reference against others, never against '934.

U.S. Patent Application Publications (56)

Publication Date Inventor Confidence Notes / § 102 potential
2002/0006217 A1 * 1/2002 Rubbert (classified "382/131" = image analysis) Medium Likely the published counterpart of the Rubbert interactive-scanning work → same "closest but not anticipatory" assessment as US 7,020,275.
2002/0006597 A1 1/2002 Andreiko et al. Medium Custom appliance forming. Weak.
2003/0009252 A1 1/2003 Pavlovskaia et al. Medium Align application family; digital model editing. Background.
2003/0139834 A1 7/2003 Nikolskiy et al. Medium Align application family. Background.
2003/021576… (truncated) 2003 — Not recovered The snippet cut off mid-number; I cannot identify this reference. Flagging rather than guessing.

Foreign Patent Documents (56)

No. Date Notes
AU 3031677 A 5/1979 Classic removable/positioner appliance art (the Kesling-era Australian family). Not relevant to the scanning/replacement core.
AU 517102 B2 7/1981 Same family.
(further entries) — Not recovered — the snippet truncates the foreign list. I cannot state the complete foreign set.

Other Publications (56)

  • AADR — American Association for Dental Research, Summary of Activities, Mar. 20–23, 1980, Los Angeles, CA, p. 195. (Non-patent literature; not § 102 art for the core claims — it is an abstract volume, pre-dating digital intra-oral scanning.)

C. Documents incorporated by reference in the specification (distinct from the (56) list)

The '934 specification expressly incorporates these; several are also § 102/§ 103-relevant background:

Document Role in the spec § 102 relevance
WO 00/08415 Confocal 3D intra-oral scanner (CB-CAD) Scanner background — the "obtain 3D data" step. Anticipates only the scanning element, not the replacement method.
US 2006/0001739 A1 "Method and apparatus for colour imaging a three-dimensional structure" (common assignee) Scanning/color background.
US 6,099,314 Positive–negative model / digitizing (common assignee) Model-acquisition background.
US 6,334,853 Occlusion map → prosthesis thickness measure Most substantively relevant incorporated document (see table above).
WO 2004/087000 Coping manufacture (common assignee) Downstream manufacture.
US 6,739,869 Virtual orthodontic treatment (common assignee) Downstream "design an orthodontic treatment plan" limitation.
US 11/046,709 and US 60/632,350 Cap/full-prosthesis manufacture Downstream.

D. Bottom line on "which claims it potentially anticipates"

No reference recovered from the (56) list is, on its face, a § 102 anticipation of the '934's independent claims. The independent claims (per the specification's aspects, inferred — see the prior section's caveat that the verbatim claim text was not verified) require the combination of:

  1. displaying the virtual model,
  2. interactively identifying/deleting a region of that model, and
  3. substituting newly acquired 3D data of the same physical region (from a re-scan after the obstruction/defect is removed or the tooth is re-worked), registered via overlapping unchanged data.

The cited references individually supply pieces of this — digital model manipulation (Phan), interactive intra-oral-scanning workflow (Rubbert '275 / 2002/0006217), occlusion analysis (Zachariasen '853), and downstream manufacture (Chishti '611, Taub '869) — but none was shown in my retrieval to teach the delete-defective-region-and-replace-with-rescanned-data step. The honest classification is therefore:

  • § 102 anticipation: none identified from this list (with the caveat in the box below).
  • § 103 obviousness combinations: US 7,020,275 (or 2002/0006217) + US 6,309,215 / 6,524,101 (model manipulation) + US 6,334,853 (occlusion/inadequacy analysis) is the combination an Examiner or challenger would most plausibly assemble.

Critical caveat — I cannot do the anticipation call properly. Anticipation is claim-by-claim against verbatim claim language, and (a) the full-text block supplied in this session contains no claims column, and (b) I could not retrieve the granted claims from USPTO in this session. This is the same limitation the earlier section flagged, and it remains unresolved. Any "reference X anticipates claim Y" statement from me would be fabrication, so I am not making one.

Additional caveats:

  1. The (56) list is incomplete and OCR-degraded (truncated foreign list; an unrecoverable 2003/021576… entry; garbled inventor names). It should be re-verified against the printed patent at https://patents.google.com/patent/US10791934/en or the USPTO PatentCenter record.
  2. Direction of citation. "(56) References Cited" = art cited against/in the '934 during prosecution. If what you actually need is forward citations (later patents citing '934) or the prosecution history of the '934 and its parent US 9,299,192, those are different datasets; I did not retrieve them. The parent's file wrapper would likely contain the most probative prior-art record for this family.
  3. Do not conflate with US 10,791,936 (the sibling flagged in the prior section) or US 9,299,192 (the parent). Search hits returning "10,791,93_6_" are a different document.
  4. Public PAIR / PatentCenter was not directly reachable in this session, so I cannot represent that the above is the complete official record — only that it is the set I could recover and corroborate between the litigation exhibit and Google Patents.

Generated 9/30/2026, 12:55:35 AM

Obviousness

Combinations of prior art that suggest the claimed invention would have been obvious under 35 U.S.C. § 103.

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Patent term adjustments, term extensions, continuations, divisionals, family members, and expiration dates.

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Derivative works

Defensive disclosure: derivative variations of each claim designed to render future incremental improvements obvious or non-novel.

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