Invalidity dossier
US 5215087
Biomedical electrode construction
Current assignee: 3M Co
Added 9/23/2026, 4:58:02 PM
Active provider: DeepSeek · deepseek-flash
Patent summary
Title, assignee, inventors, filing/issue dates, abstract, and a plain-language overview of the claims.
Patent Overview — US 5215087 A
Title: Biomedical electrode construction
Patent number: US 5,215,087 A
Application number: US 07/686,049
Inventors: Clifford J. Anderson; Jerome E. Strand
Original assignee: Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co. (current assignee listed as 3M Co.)
Prior art date: 1988-09-22
Filing date: 1991-04-16
Publication/grant date: 1993-06-01
Legal status (per source, an assumption only): Expired – Lifetime; anticipated expiration 2010-06-01
Purpose: The patent concerns a preferred biomedical electrode construction applied to a subject's skin for evaluation or treatment, particularly for electrocardiography (ECG). The excerpt describes the operating context and problems the construction is meant to address: reliably detecting and transmitting biological electrical signals, maintaining secure adhesion and a good conductive interface between conductor and patient, and resisting relative movement between subject and electrode.
Plain-language scope (from the excerpt): The described arrangement is intended to be flexible and of relatively low relief/profile so it is inconspicuous when worn, including during ambulatory monitoring (e.g., Holter-type systems). It aims to retain or enclose skin adhesive, electrolyte solution, or conductive adhesive to inhibit leakage and contact with clothing; to resist water-related deterioration of the electrode and its adhesive interface; and to facilitate secure, repeated connection and disconnection of electrocardiograph leads without stressing the adhesive interface or exposing conductive lead portions to the body, gel, adjacent leads, or other electrodes. Listed classifications include A61B 5/25, 5/257, 5/259, 5/28, and 5/279.
Not established by the excerpt: Because the supplied text is partial, it does not establish the full claims, the complete detailed description, embodiments, drawings, or prior-art discussion. Priority relationships shown (e.g., US 07/534,161; CA 2062881; AU 12935/92; JP 1992-020573; EP 92303115) are as listed by the source. No litigation, ownership transfer, validity, or prior-art conclusions are drawn here.
Generated 10/1/2026, 9:43:59 PM
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Litigation summary
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Proceedings on file (0)
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PTAB challenges
AIA trial proceedings at the USPTO Patent Trial and Appeal Board — IPR, PGR, and CBM. Petitioners, judge panels, claim-level invalidation outcomes from Final Written Decisions, and Federal Circuit appeals. The single most important defensive datapoint after litigation history.
Assignment history
Inventors, original assignee, and the chain of ownership recorded with the USPTO — including the correspondent attorney who recorded each assignment, since shell-LLC chains often share one repeat-player attorney even when the entity names look unrelated. Surfaces NPE / patent-troll patterns: shell-entity transfers, known asserters in the chain, repeat correspondent fingerprints, pre-litigation assignments, and bankruptcy fire-sales.
Prior art
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Obviousness
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Extensions
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Derivative works
Defensive disclosure: derivative variations of each claim designed to render future incremental improvements obvious or non-novel.