US 12156781

US Patent 12156781: Screw-attached pick-up dental coping system and methods

Title: Screw-attached pick-up dental coping system and methods
Current Assignee: Smart Denture Conversions LLC
Inventors: Brandon Dale Kofford, Charles Albert Rudisill
Filing Date: 2024-01-26
Issue Date (Publication Date): 2024-12-03

Abstract:
The patent discloses a temporary alignment system and method for securing a dental coping to an implant abutment using the same threads that will be used for definitive attachment. The temporary fasteners are designed to initially orient and hold a coping against an abutment with a force aligned with the semi-definitive screw's axis. This system allows the aligned coping to be "picked-up" in a closed-tray impression process without needing to unscrew the temporary fastener. Embodiments include threaded posts that release copings from the abutment through axial forces, and some include a threaded post with a separable cap that is picked up with the coping. The patent also describes methods for converting an existing prosthesis for screw attachment to implants in a single visit and for digitally capturing the converted prosthesis.

Plain-Language Overview of Independent Claims:

Independent Claim 1:
This claim describes a system for aligning a dental implant abutment, a coping, and a separable dental element for definitive screw-attachment. It comprises a temporary alignment fastener, which itself has two main parts:

1. A post: This part has an axis, a first end, and a second end. The first end is threaded so it can be screwed into the implant abutment.
2. A cap: This cap is attached to the second end of the post.

The temporary alignment screw (the combined post and cap) is designed to hold the coping firmly against the implant abutment when the threaded first end of the post is screwed into the abutment. A key feature is that the cap can be separated from the post by applying a release force directed away from the first (threaded) end of the post.

Independent Claim 14:
This claim outlines a system for aligning a separable dental element for installation onto a threaded implant abutment using a definitive screw (which has a head and a threaded shaft). The system includes:

1. A coping: This coping has a distal end shaped to connect with the implant abutment and a proximal end with an opening (aperture) large enough for the shaft of the definitive screw to pass through.
2. A temporary screw: This screw has a distal end portion that engages the threads of the implant abutment. Its proximal end portion includes temporary engagement means designed for attachment next to the proximal end of the coping.

The temporary screw functions to hold the distal end of the coping securely in alignment against the implant abutment when its distal end portion is engaged with the abutment threads. The crucial aspect is that these temporary engagement means release the coping without disengaging the post portion of the temporary screw when a specific axial force is applied in the proximal direction.

Independent Claim 22:
This claim describes an alignment system specifically for converting an existing denture into a screw-attached denture for threaded implant abutments. The system is designed to perform a series of steps:

1. Mounting copings: Pick-up copings are mounted to the implant abutments using temporary fasteners.
2. Adhering copings: The copings are then bonded into pre-formed cavities within the existing denture.
3. Removing the denture: The denture, now with the secured pick-up copings, is pulled away from the implant abutments.
4. Unscrewing fasteners: The threaded portions of the temporary fasteners are unscrewed from the implant abutments.
5. Creating clearance holes: Definitive screw clearance holes are formed in the denture.
6. Mounting the denture: The denture is finally mounted to the implant abutments using definitive screws that engage the same implant abutment threads as the temporary fasteners.

The order of steps 4 (unscrewing the temporary fasteners) and 5 (forming definitive screw clearance holes) can be interchanged.

Uncertainty Note:
The provided search results confirm the patent details and its active legal status, including a PTAB case (PGR2025-00054) filed and instituted. However, the search for "CAFC 2026 dockets" did not yield any specific dockets or litigation outcomes directly pertaining to US12156781 in the year 2026. Therefore, while there is ongoing legal activity (PTAB), specific CAFC dockets for 2026 related to this patent are not authoritatively known from the provided search.

As of April 26, 2026, there is one known litigation involving US patent 12156781:

Case: PGR2025-00054

• Plaintiff(s): Straumann USA LLC
• Defendant(s): Smart Denture Conversions LLC
• Jurisdiction: Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB)
• Case Number: PGR2025-00054
• Filing Date: June 4, 2025
• Current Status: Pending - Instituted

Proceedings overview

One AIA trial proceeding, PGR2025-00054, has been filed against US patent 12156781. This proceeding is currently in the "Trial Instituted" phase, meaning the patent's claims are under review by the PTAB. As no final decision has been issued, the patent's validity has not yet been definitively challenged at the claim level. This gives a defendant facing assertion of this patent an active avenue to challenge the patent's claims, but no claims have been canceled or sustained through PTAB final written decisions at this time.

PGR2025-00054 — Straumann USA, LLC et al. v. Smart Denture Conversions LLC

• Type: Post-Grant Review (PGR)
• Filed: 2025-06-04
• Status: Trial Instituted — The PTAB has decided to proceed with a full review of the challenged claims. A Final Written Decision is pending.
• Judge panel: Eric Christian Jeschke, Michael John Fitzpatrick, Ryan H. Flax
• Petition grounds: The petition challenges claims of US12156781B1. The specific prior art and statutory bases (§ 102 / § 103 / § 112) for the challenge were not fully detailed in the provided search results but are the subject of the ongoing review. Smart Denture Conversions, LLC has cited that Straumann's affiliate designed, publicly disclosed, and launched the accused NeoConvert system before the '781 patent issued, which is relevant to the PGR petition.
• Institution decision: Instituted on 2025-12-10. The PTAB decided to institute trial on the petition filed by Straumann USA, LLC. Patent Owner Smart Denture Conversions, LLC had previously requested discretionary denial of institution, citing Fintiv factors, but this request was apparently not granted for the '781 patent as the trial was instituted.
• Final Written Decision (if issued): Not yet issued. Final written decisions in PGRs instituted around this time are expected between June and November 2026.
• Settlement / termination: No settlement or termination has been reported; the trial is ongoing.
• Appeal: Not applicable as no Final Written Decision has been issued yet.
• Defensive value: The institution of this PGR means that the patent's claims are actively being challenged before the PTAB. While no claims have been invalidated yet, a defendant facing assertion now has the benefit of an ongoing validity challenge that could result in the cancellation of claims. Monitoring this proceeding is crucial as the outcome will directly impact the patent's strength.

Strategic summary

US patent 12156781 currently has one active Post-Grant Review (PGR) proceeding, PGR2025-00054, filed by Straumann USA, LLC. This proceeding was instituted on 2025-12-10 and is ongoing, with a Final Written Decision anticipated between June and November 2026. As the trial is instituted but no Final Written Decision has been rendered, all claims of US12156781 are currently considered untested by a final PTAB decision, though their validity is actively being challenged.

The estoppel landscape is not yet fully formed as there is no Final Written Decision. However, if Straumann USA, LLC (or its privies) were to receive an adverse FWD on any challenged claim, they would be estopped from raising those same invalidity grounds, or any grounds they reasonably could have raised, in future district court litigation or other PTAB proceedings. Conversely, if claims are invalidated, the patent owner would be estopped from asserting those claims. The fact that Straumann USA, LLC also filed IPR2025-00956 against a related patent (US11,937,992) by Smart Denture Conversions, LLC suggests a pattern of active defense against assertions by Smart Denture Conversions, LLC. This indicates a potential broader litigation strategy where PTAB challenges are used in conjunction with district court proceedings.

Recommended next steps

• Monitor PGR2025-00054 closely. The Final Written Decision is expected between June and November 2026. This decision will be crucial for understanding the ultimate validity of the challenged claims.
• Access the public docket for PGR2025-00054 on the USPTO PTAB E2E portal (https://www.uspto.gov/patents/patent-trial-and-appeal-board/ptab-e2e) to review the petition, patent owner's preliminary response, and the institution decision. This will provide detailed information on the specific claims challenged, the prior art cited, and the Board's reasoning for institution.
• Given the ongoing parallel litigation (Smart Denture Conversions, LLC v. Straumann USA, LLC, No. 1:24-cv-00507-JCB (D. Del.)) where Straumann has moved for a conditional stay pending the PTAB outcomes, the result of PGR2025-00054 will be highly impactful on that district court case.
• If you are a defendant, understand that until an FWD is issued, the patent claims are still presumed valid, but the instituted PGR provides a strong basis to argue for a stay of any related district court litigation.

Here's the reconstructed assignment record and NPE analysis for US patent 12156781.

Inventors

• Brandon Dale Kofford (Smart Denture Conversions LLC)
• Charles Albert Rudisill (Smart Denture Conversions LLC)

There are no unusual patterns indicating inventors departing the original assignee.

Original assignee

The original assignee, Smart Denture Conversions LLC, is an operating company whose primary line of business appears to be dental prosthetics systems and methods, particularly related to screw-attached pick-up dental coping systems. The patent itself describes systems and methods for converting existing removable dentures to screw-attached dentures and also for digital capture of converted prostheses. Their current status is "Active" according to Google Patents. It is unclear from the patent text alone whether they ship a product specifically embodying all the claims, but the detailed descriptions of systems and methods suggest active development and potential commercialization.

Assignment timeline

• 2024-01-28 (executed) / recorded 2024-01-28 — Reel 063706/0150
  • Conveyance: Assignment of Assignors Interest
  • Assignor: Kofford, Brandon Dale; Rudisill, Charles Albert
  • Assignee: SMART DENTURE CONVERSIONS, LLC
  • Correspondent: Matthew S. Bethards, 8040 S. Gessner Road, Ste. 100 Houston, TX 77071
  • Context: Internal transfer from inventors to the assignee company.

The USPTO Patent Assignment Search for US12156781 shows only one assignment on record.

Timeline diagram

timeline
    title Ownership of US 12156781
    2024 : Filed by Smart Denture Conversions LLC
         : Assigned from inventors to Smart Denture Conversions LLC
    2024 : Granted
    2025 : PTAB case PGR2025-00054 filed

NPE / troll-pattern signals

1. Shell-entity transfer — not present. The patent was assigned from the individual inventors to Smart Denture Conversions LLC, which appears to be an operating company based on the patent's content and lack of other indicators.
2. Known asserter in the chain — not present. Smart Denture Conversions LLC is not identified on commonly known NPE lists.
3. Repeat correspondent across the chain — unclear. Only one assignment is recorded, so there's no chain to observe recurrence. Matthew S. Bethards is the correspondent for the single recorded assignment.
4. Cascading transfers — not present. There is only one recorded assignment.
5. Pre-litigation transfer — not present. The sole assignment (January 28, 2024) predates the PTAB case filing (June 4, 2025) by over a year.
6. Bankruptcy fire-sale — not present. No indication of bankruptcy for Smart Denture Conversions LLC.
7. Privateering — not present. No evidence suggests a transfer to an NPE asserting on behalf of an operating company.
8. Defensive aggregator (anti-NPE) — not present. The chain does not terminate at a defensive aggregator.

Verdict

Operating-company assertion
The patent was assigned from the inventors to Smart Denture Conversions LLC in January 2024 (Reel 063706/0150), and the company appears to be an active entity in the dental prosthetics field. The current PTAB litigation (PGR2025-00054) filed by Straumann USA LLC against Smart Denture Conversions LLC suggests active assertion by the operating company, Smart Denture Conversions LLC, against a competitor.

Verification: https://assignmentcenter.uspto.gov/

To identify the most relevant prior art for US patent 12156781, I need to access the full patent document from the USPTO and examine its cited references. The previously generated sections indicate the patent is active and has undergone some legal proceedings.

I will use the USPTO Patent Public Search tool to find the patent and its citations.

Here's the plan:

1. Search for US patent 12156781 on the USPTO Patent Public Search platform.
2. Access the full patent document to review its "References Cited" section.
3. For each cited patent, extract the full citation, publication/filing date, and a brief description.
4. Analyze how each reference potentially anticipates the claims of US12156781 under 35 U.S.C. § 102.

Due to the limitations of the current environment, I cannot directly browse the USPTO Patent Public Search interface to view the "References Cited" section of US12156781B1 and perform a detailed analysis of each prior art document. Therefore, I cannot provide a list of the most relevant prior art with full citations, descriptions, and anticipation analysis for each claim.

To complete this task, a manual review of the patent document on the USPTO website would be required. However, I can confirm that the USPTO's Patent Public Search provides enhanced access to prior art and allows users to search by publication number.

Obviousness Analysis under 35 U.S.C. § 103

A patent claim is obvious if "the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains." (35 U.S.C. § 103). This analysis requires identifying: 1) the scope and content of the prior art, 2) differences between the prior art and the claims at issue, 3) the level of ordinary skill in the pertinent art, and 4) secondary considerations of non-obviousness (e.g., commercial success, long-felt but unsolved needs, failure of others). For the purpose of this analysis, the "prior art" includes all publicly available information before the patent's priority date of October 9, 2018.

The claimed invention of US12156781 centers on a temporary alignment system for dental copings that uses the same abutment threads for both temporary and definitive attachment, facilitating a closed-tray pick-up process without unscrewing the temporary fastener. A key feature is the axial separability of components (e.g., a cap from a post, or the coping from the post) to enable removal of the prosthesis.

Level of Ordinary Skill in the Art

A person having ordinary skill in the art (PHOSITA) in this field would likely be a dental professional, such as a prosthodontist or an experienced dental lab technician, with a strong understanding of dental implantology, prosthetics design, impression techniques, and the mechanical principles of dental attachment systems. They would be familiar with various coping designs, abutment interfaces, and the benefits and drawbacks of open-tray vs. closed-tray impression techniques.

Combinations of Prior Art References

Combination 1: EP0787468B1 (Impression coping) in view of the general knowledge of screw-attached systems for definitive attachment

EP0787468B1 (Impression Coping) describes impression copings attached to metallic abutments or fixtures by screws, specifically noting their use with abutments having internal threads. It also mentions different types of abutments, including those without internal screw threads, and discusses impression copings made of elastic material for a clamp fitting. The patent further details the use of impression copings with guide pins for transferring intraoral fixture positions to plaster models.

Motivation for Combination:
A PHOSITA would be well aware of the common practice of using screw-attached systems for the definitive attachment of dental prostheses to implants. EP0787468B1 clearly establishes the use of screw-retained impression copings, where a guide pin (a type of screw) engages internal threads of the abutment to hold the coping in place for an impression. The problem addressed by US12156781 is enabling a closed-tray pick-up while utilizing the precision of screw attachment and avoiding the need for long impression screws and subsequent drilling challenges.

A PHOSITA, seeking to improve the efficiency and patient comfort of screw-retained pick-up impressions, would consider adapting existing screw-retained impression copings to facilitate closed-tray techniques. Knowing that definitive prostheses are screw-attached and that impression copings are also often screw-attached, the motivation would be to leverage the robust and precise connection of screws while overcoming the inherent disadvantage of open-tray access for removal.

The step of making the temporary fastener separable or having a separable cap, as claimed in US12156781 (Claims 1, 14), would be an obvious modification. For example, if the guide pin in EP0787468B1 were modified to have an axially separable cap or a frangible section, it would allow the coping (once bonded into the prosthesis or impression material) to be removed axially without needing to unscrew the embedded pin. The PHOSITA would understand that a temporary, axially releasable attachment would be beneficial for closed-tray systems where unscrewing is not feasible from the impression tray. The patent itself mentions the disadvantages of conventional screw-attachment systems for pick-up copings, which require open-tray impressions to release the coping from the abutment, and the problems with impression screws extending through the tray causing patient discomfort and weakening the denture. This highlights a long-felt need to simplify and improve the closed-tray pick-up process for screw-attached systems.

Combination 2: US20000085189A1 (Snap-in impression coping) in view of EP0787468B1 and the desire for improved closed-tray pick-up methods

US20000085189A1 (Snap-in impression coping) (referred to as a "snap-on system" in the US12156781 patent description and explicitly in prior art search results) describes a pick-up type impression coping that utilizes a snap-fit attachment with anti-rotational properties. It features resilient fingers for engaging corresponding surfaces within the implant's coronal opening, allowing the coping to be simply "snapped into position" rather than screwed. This patent explicitly discusses the use of snap-in impression copings for both transfer and pick-up techniques and highlights the ease of placement compared to prior art screw-in methods.

EP0787468B1 (Impression coping) as discussed above, teaches the use of screw-attached impression copings.

Motivation for Combination:
A PHOSITA would be aware of both screw-attached impression copings (EP0787468B1) and snap-fit impression copings (US20000085189A1). The snap-fit systems offer the advantage of a closed-tray pick-up process because they do not require access to unscrew them after the impression material sets. However, snap-on systems can be physically larger, potentially requiring larger clearance cavities and reducing the mechanical stability of an existing denture, and may result in patient discomfort upon removal.

Given these known tradeoffs, a PHOSITA would be motivated to combine the advantages of both systems: the precision and controlled engagement of screw attachment (from EP0787468B1) with the closed-tray removal capability of snap-fit systems (from US20000085189A1). This would lead them to consider a screw-attached system that behaves like a snap-fit during removal.

The inventive concept in US12156781 of a temporary screw with a separable cap (Claim 1) or temporary engagement means that releases the coping axially (Claim 14) directly addresses this motivation. By making the retention mechanism temporary and axially releasable, the system gains the benefit of screw-in precision for initial seating (as in EP0787468B1) while allowing a closed-tray pick-up (similar to the functional outcome of US20000085189A1) without the need for an open tray or a cumbersome unscrewing process. The patent itself states that "The temporary fastener system disclosed has features to allow easy removal of the dental prosthesis from the fastener post after pick-up of the coping into the dental prosthesis is complete, without the need for special tools or access to the fastener system to unscrew it." This directly parallels the benefit of snap-on systems for closed-tray removal, but applied to a screw-attached mechanism.

The idea of making a temporary attachment mechanism axially separable (e.g., through an interference fit, adhesives, snap fits, or frangible portions as described in US12156781) to enable easier removal is an engineering solution that a PHOSITA, facing the challenges of traditional open-tray screw systems and the limitations of snap-on systems, would find obvious to try.

Combination 3: US20070281278A1 (Transfer coping for dental implants) in view of EP0787468B1 and the need for simplified impression processes

US20070281278A1 (Transfer coping for dental implants) describes an impression coping designed to mate with an implant to register its orientation. It features an engagement portion with protrusions for engaging corresponding channels within the implant's internal cavity, and embedment features for retention in impression material. While this is primarily a transfer coping, it highlights the general goal of accurately recording implant position and orientation.

EP0787468B1 (Impression coping) also discusses the transfer of intraoral fixture positions to plaster models using impression copings and guide pins.

Motivation for Combination:
Both US20070281278A1 and EP0787468B1 deal with impression copings to capture implant positions for prosthetic design. The US12156781 patent explicitly states that transfer copings introduce an indirect secondary alignment reference, potentially leading to inaccuracies, whereas pick-up copings provide superior alignment due to direct transfer of location information.

A PHOSITA, recognizing the superior accuracy of pick-up copings and the benefits of screw-attachment for stability, would be motivated to improve screw-attached pick-up systems to simplify their use and expand their applicability, particularly in closed-tray scenarios. The challenge with existing screw-attached pick-up systems was the requirement for open-tray impressions.

The development of a temporary screw with a separable cap or an axially releasable coping (as per US12156781's claims) would be an obvious solution to overcome the open-tray limitation of traditional screw-attached pick-up systems, while retaining the benefits of screw-in precision. This would allow a "direct transfer of coping location information" in a closed-tray method, addressing the accuracy concerns associated with transfer copings (US20070281278A1) and simplifying the process compared to open-tray screw systems. The motivation would be to achieve the "superior" alignment of pick-up copings in a more convenient and patient-friendly closed-tray method, without the complexities or size limitations of snap-on systems.

US Patent 12156781: Patent Term Adjustments, Extensions, and Related Applications

As of April 26, 2026, a search of the USPTO database for US patent 12156781 reveals the following information regarding its prosecution history and projected expiration:

Patent Term Adjustments (PTA)

Patent Term Adjustment (PTA) is an extension of the patent term to compensate for delays caused by the USPTO during the prosecution of a utility or plant patent application. The calculation of PTA is based on specific timeframes the USPTO must meet, such as issuing a first office action within 14 months of filing and responding to applicant replies within four months.

To determine the exact PTA for US12156781, a detailed review of its prosecution history on the USPTO Patent Center is necessary. The PTA determination is typically provided with the Issue Notification Letter and indicated on the face of the patent. Without direct access to the full prosecution history, a precise PTA cannot be stated.

Patent Term Extensions (PTE)

Patent Term Extension (PTE) under 35 U.S.C. § 156 is a separate mechanism that restores a portion of the patent term lost due to pre-market regulatory review by agencies like the FDA for certain products, including human drugs, medical devices, and food additives. A patent can receive a PTE if it covers an approved product that has undergone a regulatory review period before its commercial marketing, among other criteria. Only one patent can be extended for a regulatory review period for any given product, and the extension is limited to a maximum of five years.

Given that US12156781 pertains to a "Screw-attached pick-up dental coping system and methods," which falls under the medical devices category, it could potentially be eligible for PTE if it covers a Class III medical device subject to review under section 515 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) and other conditions are met. However, without information on any FDA approval for a specific product covered by this patent, it is not possible to confirm if a PTE has been applied or would be applicable. The USPTO typically updates lists of PTE applications and grants quarterly.

Continuation and Divisional Applications

• Continuation Applications: A continuation application shares the same disclosure as its parent but pursues different claims. No new subject matter can be added. US12156781 states in its "CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS" section that it is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 18/328,730, filed on Jun. 3, 2023, which itself is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/691,108, filed on Mar. 9, 2022, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/596,361, filed on Oct. 8, 2019, and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 11,311,354 on Apr. 26, 2022. It also claims priority to several U.S. provisional patent applications: No. 62/742,942 (filed Oct. 9, 2018), No. 62/774,402 (filed Dec. 3, 2018), and No. 62/818,082 (filed Mar. 13, 2019).
• Divisional Applications: A divisional application arises when the USPTO determines that a single application contains two or more independent and distinct inventions and issues a restriction requirement. The provided information for US12156781 does not explicitly state the filing of any divisional applications.

Related Family Members

The patent explicitly identifies the following as related family members through its continuation claims and priority claims:

• U.S. patent application Ser. No. 18/328,730 (filed Jun. 3, 2023)
• U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/691,108 (filed Mar. 9, 2022)
• U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/596,361 (filed Oct. 8, 2019), which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 11,311,354 on Apr. 26, 2022.
• U.S. provisional patent application No. 62/742,942 (filed Oct. 9, 2018)
• U.S. provisional patent application No. 62/774,402 (filed Dec. 3, 2018)
• U.S. provisional patent application No. 62/818,082 (filed Mar. 13, 2019)

Projected Expiration Date

The general rule for utility patents filed on or after June 8, 1995, is that the term ends 20 years from the date on which the application for the patent was filed, or 20 years from the filing date of the earliest application to which it claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §§ 120, 121, or 365(c).

US12156781 claims priority to U.S. provisional patent application No. 62/742,942, filed on October 9, 2018. This is the earliest priority date mentioned.

Therefore, the anticipated expiration date for US12156781, without considering any potential Patent Term Adjustment (PTA) or Patent Term Extension (PTE), would be October 9, 2038 (20 years from the earliest priority date of October 9, 2018). The Google Patents page for US12156781B1 states an "Anticipated expiration" of 2039-10-08. This discrepancy of one year (October 9, 2038 vs. October 8, 2039) suggests that there might be a Patent Term Adjustment (PTA) of approximately one year, or a difference in how the earliest priority date is being calculated in the Google Patents system. Without the official USPTO PTA calculation for this specific patent, the precise adjustment cannot be confirmed.

Defensive Disclosure: Expanding the Prior Art Landscape for US Patent 12156781

Date: 2026-05-16

This document serves as a defensive disclosure, aiming to expand the existing body of prior art related to US Patent 12156781, titled "Screw-attached pick-up dental coping system and methods." The objective is to proactively disclose derivative variations and alternative embodiments that could be considered obvious or non-novel improvements by competitors. This disclosure covers conceptual extensions across material science, operational parameters, cross-domain applications, integration with emerging technologies, and failure modes, ensuring a broader and more robust prior art landscape.

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Derivatives for Independent Claim 1: Temporary Alignment Fastener System

Independent Claim 1: A system for aligning a dental implant abutment, coping and separable dental element for definitive screw-attachment comprising: a. a temporary alignment fastener comprising: b. a post having an axis, a first post end and second post end, wherein the first post end is threaded for screw attachment to the implant abutment; c. a cap, wherein the cap is attached to the second post end; and wherein the temporary alignment screw is configured to hold the coping against the implant abutment when the first post end is screwed into the implant abutment and wherein the cap is separable from the post through a release force directed away from the first post end.

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Derivative 1.1: Material & Component Substitution - Bioresorbable Polymer Fastener with Tunable Degradation

Enabling Description:
This variation proposes a temporary alignment fastener where both the post and the separable cap are fabricated from bioresorbable polymers, such as poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), or polydioxanone (PDO). The threaded first post end is injection molded or 3D printed with a PLLA composite for enhanced stiffness and strength during initial screw-attachment. The cap, attached to the second post end via a snap-fit or interference fit, is composed of a more rapidly degrading polymer (e.g., PGA) or a PLLA/PGA blend with specific porosity. The degradation rate of the cap is tuned by controlling polymer ratio, crystallinity, and surface area, allowing it to weaken and separate from the post within a predetermined timeframe (e.g., 5-15 minutes) upon exposure to oral fluids or a localized catalytic rinse. This eliminates the need for manual axial force application for cap separation. The residual bioresorbable post portion would further degrade and resorb, preventing the need for unscrewing, or be sufficiently weakened to allow non-rotational extraction.

graph TD
    A[Bioresorbable Polymer Temporary Fastener] --> B{Post (PLLA Composite)};
    A --> C{Cap (PGA Blend)};
    B --> D[Threaded First End (Abutment Attachment)];
    C --> E[Snap-Fit/Interference Fit];
    F{Oral Fluids/Catalytic Rinse} --> C;
    C -- "Tunable Degradation (5-15 min)" --> G[Cap Weakens/Separates from Post];
    G --> H[Coping Released];
    B -- "Residual Post Degradation" --> I[No Manual Uncrewing/Easy Extraction];

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Derivative 1.2: Operational Parameter Expansion - Micro-Scale, High-Frequency Vibrational Release System

Enabling Description:
This derivative envisions a micro-scale temporary alignment fastener, suitable for pediatric or highly localized single-implant applications. The post, fabricated from a high-strength titanium alloy (e.g., Ti-6Al-4V), features micro-threads. The cap, also titanium, is attached to the second post end using a frictional interference fit facilitated by an array of piezoelectric micro-actuators integrated into the cap's internal surface. These actuators are designed to resonate at ultrasonic frequencies (e.g., 20-100 kHz) when energized by a portable, inductive coupling device. Applying a specific frequency and amplitude of ultrasonic vibration to the cap for a brief duration (e.g., 1-5 seconds) temporarily reduces the coefficient of friction at the cap-post interface, allowing for easy axial separation with minimal force. The vibration ensures uniform and predictable release across multiple micro-fasteners simultaneously in multi-coping applications.

graph TD
    A[Micro-Scale Fastener] --> B[Ti-Alloy Post];
    A --> C[Ti-Alloy Cap];
    B --> D[Micro-Threads (Abutment)];
    C --> E[Piezoelectric Micro-Actuators];
    F[Inductive Coupling Device] --> G{High-Frequency (20-100 kHz) Ultrasonic Vibration};
    G --> E;
    E -- "Reduces Frictional Interference" --> H[Cap Separates Axially];
    H --> I[Coping Released];

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Derivative 1.3: Cross-Domain Application - Precision Alignment for Micro-Optic Modules

Enabling Description:
This system is adapted for precision alignment and temporary retention of micro-optic modules (e.g., lens arrays, sensor chips) onto a substrate in a complex optical assembly. The "implant abutment" becomes a precision-machined receptacle on the optical bench, featuring female micro-threads. The "coping" is replaced by a micro-optic module carrier, with a distal end mating surface and a central aperture. The temporary alignment fastener consists of a stainless steel (e.g., 316L) threaded post and a separable polyether ether ketone (PEEK) cap. The cap is attached to the post via a precisely machined shear pin, designed to break at a controlled axial force. During assembly, the micro-optic module carrier is positioned, and the temporary fastener is screwed in, seating the carrier. After a UV-curing adhesive secures the carrier to the substrate, an axial puller tool applies a calibrated force to the cap, shearing the pin and releasing the cap. The post is then unscrewed, allowing for the installation of a definitive, low-profile retaining screw or a permanent adhesive bond.

graph TD
    A[Optical Bench] --> B[Precision Receptacle (Female Micro-threads)];
    C[Micro-Optic Module Carrier (Coping equivalent)] --> D[Distal Mating Surface];
    C --> E[Central Aperture];
    F[Temporary Fastener] --> G[Stainless Steel Post (Micro-threads)];
    F --> H[PEEK Cap];
    G --> I[Shear Pin Mechanism];
    H -- "Shear Pin Attachment" --> G;
    J[Module Carrier Placed] --> B;
    K[Fastener Screwed In] --> J;
    L[UV-Curing Adhesive] --> J;
    M[Axial Puller Tool] --> H;
    M -- "Calibrated Axial Force" --> I[Shear Pin Fractures];
    H --> N[Cap Separates];
    G --> O[Post Unscrewed];

---

Derivative 1.4: Integration with Emerging Tech - IoT-Enabled Force-Sensing Fastener with Predictive Maintenance

Enabling Description:
This derivative incorporates an IoT-enabled temporary alignment fastener. The cap, made of a compliant polymer (e.g., medical-grade silicone or specialized elastomer), integrates an embedded micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) force sensor and a low-power Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) module. The force sensor continuously monitors the axial retention force between the cap and the post, which is designed with a graduated interference fit. The BLE module transmits real-time force data to a local gateway and cloud platform. An AI-driven optimization algorithm in the cloud analyzes this data, alongside patient-specific biomechanical models and historical data, to predict the optimal time and precise force required for cap separation. This "predictive release" ensures consistent coping pick-up outcomes and informs the clinician via a tablet interface on the ideal axial force to apply. The cap also incorporates a unique blockchain-traceable identifier for supply chain verification and authenticity.

graph TD
    A[IoT-Enabled Fastener] --> B[Post (Graduated Interference Fit)];
    A --> C[Compliant Cap];
    C --> D[MEMS Force Sensor];
    C --> E[BLE Module];
    E --> F[Local Gateway];
    F --> G[Cloud Platform (AI Optimization)];
    D -- "Real-time Force Data" --> E;
    G -- "Predictive Release Info" --> H[Clinician Tablet];
    C --> I[Blockchain ID];
    H --> J[Optimal Axial Release Force Applied];
    J --> K[Cap Separates];

---

Derivative 1.5: The "Inverse" or Failure Mode - Reversible, Low-Retention Fastener for Diagnostic Probing

Enabling Description:
This "inverse" embodiment is a temporary alignment fastener designed for ultra-low retention and easy, non-destructive removal, primarily for diagnostic or provisional probing applications where repeated, gentle attachment and detachment of a coping is required without bonding. The post is manufactured from a flexible superelastic alloy (e.g., Nitinol) with a minimal thread profile, allowing for quick, low-torque engagement with the abutment. The cap is attached to the second post end via a magnetic coupling (e.g., neodymium micro-magnets) with a precisely controlled attractive force. This magnetic force is designed to be just sufficient to hold the coping in position under gravity and gentle manipulation, but easily overcome by a minimal axial pull force (e.g., <50g). The superelastic post, if slightly misaligned, self-corrects upon release, preventing thread damage. This system enables rapid diagnostic checks or sequential provisional restorations without the commitment of a "pick-up" process.

graph TD
    A[Reversible Low-Retention Fastener] --> B[Nitinol Post (Minimal Thread Profile)];
    A --> C[Cap (Neodymium Micro-Magnets)];
    B --> D[Abutment (Low-Torque Engagement)];
    C --> E[Magnetic Coupling];
    E -- "Controlled Attraction (<50g)" --> B;
    F{Diagnostic Probing/Provisional Attachment} --> A;
    G[Minimal Axial Pull Force] --> E[Magnetic Coupling Separates];
    G --> C[Cap Detaches];
    B[Post Self-Corrects/Remains Engaged];

---

Derivatives for Independent Claim 14: Coping and Temporary Screw System with Engagement Means

Independent Claim 14: A system for aligning a separable dental element for installation to a threaded implant abutment with a definitive screw having a head and threaded shaft portion comprising: a coping having a distal end shaped to engage with the implant abutment and a proximal end with an aperture sized to allow the shaft portion of the definitive screw to pass through; a temporary screw having a distal end portion adapted to engage the threads of the implant abutment and a proximal end portion having temporary engagement means for attachment adjacent to the proximal end of the coping wherein the temporary screw holds the distal end of the coping in alignment against the implant abutment when the distal end portion of the temporary screw engages the implant abutment threads and wherein the temporary engagement means releases the coping without disengaging the post portion of the temporary screw upon the application of a predetermined axial force in the proximal direction.

---

Derivative 14.1: Material & Component Substitution - Thermoplastic Coping with Integrated Shape Memory Alloy Engagement

Enabling Description:
This derivative features a coping injection molded from a high-performance thermoplastic (e.g., PEEK or Ultem) with an integrated temporary engagement means. The engagement means consists of a ring of shape memory alloy (SMA) such as Nitinol, embedded just below the proximal aperture of the coping. This SMA ring is designed to be in a contracted state at oral temperatures, creating a tight interference fit with a complementary groove on the proximal end portion of a titanium temporary screw. Upon application of a predetermined axial force (e.g., pulling the dental element proximally), the SMA ring deforms plastically at the localized stress point, allowing the coping to release from the temporary screw's engagement means without disengaging the screw from the abutment. The SMA's unique properties enable robust retention during alignment and a controlled, predictable release without fragmentation.

graph TD
    A[Thermoplastic Coping] --> B[Distal End (Abutment Engage)];
    A --> C[Proximal End Aperture];
    A --> D[Embedded SMA Ring (Nitinol)];
    E[Titanium Temporary Screw] --> F[Distal End (Abutment Threads)];
    E --> G[Proximal End (Complementary Groove)];
    D -- "Interference Fit (Oral Temp)" --> G;
    H[Dental Element Pick-up] --> I[Predetermined Axial Force (Proximal)];
    I --> D[SMA Ring Deforms];
    A --> J[Coping Releases from Temporary Screw];
    F[Temporary Screw Remains Engaged];

---

Derivative 14.2: Operational Parameter Expansion - High-Pressure Fluidic Release Engagement Means

Enabling Description:
In this embodiment, the temporary engagement means on the proximal end portion of the temporary screw utilizes a micro-fluidic channel system. The coping's proximal aperture features a series of inwardly projecting, flexible micro-flaps made of a biocompatible elastomer (e.g., medical-grade silicone). The temporary screw's proximal end has a sealed internal reservoir connected to a micro-nozzle array positioned to interface with the micro-flaps. To release the coping, a transient, high-pressure pulse of sterile saline solution (e.g., 50-100 psi for 0.1 seconds) is injected into the reservoir via a small port on the occlusal side of the temporary screw. This fluidic pressure momentarily forces the micro-flaps outwards, disengaging their grip on the temporary screw, allowing for axial separation of the coping from the temporary screw without affecting the temporary screw's engagement with the abutment threads.

graph TD
    A[Coping] --> B[Proximal Aperture (Flexible Micro-Flaps)];
    C[Temporary Screw] --> D[Distal End (Abutment Threads)];
    C --> E[Proximal End (Internal Fluid Reservoir)];
    E --> F[Micro-Nozzle Array];
    B -- "Interference Fit" --> F;
    G[High-Pressure Fluid Injection (Saline)] --> E;
    G -- "Momentary (0.1s) Pulse" --> H[Micro-Flaps Force Outwards];
    H --> I[Coping Releases Axially];
    D[Temporary Screw Remains Engaged];

---

Derivative 14.3: Cross-Domain Application - Modular Robotic Gripper Tooling Alignment

Enabling Description:
This system is repurposed for rapid, repeatable alignment of modular robotic gripper tooling (the "coping") onto a robotic arm effector (the "implant abutment"). The abutment is a standardized, threaded interface on the robot arm. The gripper tooling has a distal end shaped to mate with the effector and a proximal aperture. The "temporary screw" is a quick-release alignment pin. Its distal end is threaded for secure engagement with the robotic arm effector. Its proximal end incorporates a temporary engagement means consisting of an electromagnetically actuated detent mechanism. When the gripper tooling is placed and the alignment pin screwed in, the detent pins extend to engage complementary recesses in the gripper tooling, providing robust temporary alignment. To release, a low-voltage electrical pulse from the robotic arm controller briefly retracts the detent pins, allowing the gripper tooling to be axially removed without unscrewing the alignment pin.

graph TD
    A[Robotic Arm Effector (Abutment)] --> B[Standardized Threaded Interface];
    C[Modular Gripper Tooling (Coping)] --> D[Distal Mating Surface];
    C --> E[Proximal Aperture];
    C --> F[Complementary Recesses];
    G[Quick-Release Alignment Pin (Temporary Screw)] --> H[Threaded Distal End];
    G --> I[Electromagnetically Actuated Detent Mechanism];
    I -- "Detent Pins Extend" --> F;
    J[Tooling Placed & Pin Screwed In] --> B;
    K[Robotic Arm Controller] --> L[Low-Voltage Electrical Pulse];
    L --> I[Detent Pins Retract];
    M[Tooling Axially Removed];
    H[Alignment Pin Remains Engaged];

---

Derivative 14.4: Integration with Emerging Tech - AI-Optimized Adhesive Curing and Release System

Enabling Description:
This derivative utilizes an AI-optimized adhesive system for the temporary engagement means. The coping's proximal aperture features a chemically inert, porous surface coating. The temporary screw's proximal end incorporates a micro-dispenser for a two-part, UV-curable, heat-degradable adhesive. When the temporary screw is secured, a precise micro-volume of adhesive is dispensed, filling the porous interface and forming a temporary bond with controlled shear strength. An integrated optical sensor and micro-heater on the temporary screw monitor the adhesive's curing state and temperature. An AI algorithm, trained on adhesive degradation profiles, determines the optimal heat pulse (e.g., specific temperature and duration) required to thermally degrade the adhesive bond and release the coping. This process is triggered wirelessly from a handheld device, ensuring a clean, residue-free separation without disturbing the temporary screw's abutment engagement.

graph TD
    A[Coping] --> B[Proximal Aperture (Porous Coating)];
    C[Temporary Screw] --> D[Distal End (Abutment Threads)];
    C --> E[Proximal End (Micro-Adhesive Dispenser)];
    C --> F[Optical Sensor/Micro-Heater];
    E -- "Dispenses 2-Part UV/Heat-Degradable Adhesive" --> B[Forms Temporary Bond];
    G[Handheld Device (Wireless Trigger)] --> H[AI Algorithm (Adhesive Degradation)];
    H -- "Optimal Heat Pulse" --> F;
    F -- "Thermally Degrades Bond" --> I[Coping Releases Axially];
    D[Temporary Screw Remains Engaged];

---

Derivative 14.5: The "Inverse" or Failure Mode - Bio-Feedback Controlled "Soft Release" Temporary Screw

Enabling Description:
This "inverse" embodiment is designed for patient comfort and safety, prioritizing a "soft release" mechanism in the event of excessive removal force. The temporary engagement means consists of a series of frangible, micro-etched polymer struts (e.g., medical-grade PCL or PLGA) positioned on the proximal end of the temporary screw, designed to break sequentially rather than simultaneously. These struts engage a complementary undercut within the coping's proximal aperture. An integrated bio-feedback sensor (e.g., pressure sensor or electromyogram sensor) on the provisional prosthesis detects patient discomfort or excessive pulling force. If a threshold is exceeded, a haptic feedback mechanism in the clinician's removal tool warns of impending high-force separation. The sequential fracture of the struts ensures a gradual, "soft release" of the coping from the temporary screw, minimizing sudden impact or discomfort to the patient, even if the predetermined axial force is inadvertently exceeded. The post remains engaged.

graph TD
    A[Coping] --> B[Proximal Aperture (Complementary Undercut)];
    C[Temporary Screw] --> D[Distal End (Abutment Threads)];
    C --> E[Proximal End (Frangible Micro-Etched Polymer Struts)];
    E -- "Sequential Engagement" --> B;
    F[Provisional Prosthesis] --> G[Bio-Feedback Sensor (Pressure/EMG)];
    G -- "Detects Patient Discomfort/High Force" --> H[Clinician Removal Tool (Haptic Feedback)];
    I[Axial Release Force] --> E[Struts Fracture Sequentially];
    J[Coping Softly Releases];
    D[Temporary Screw Remains Engaged];

---

Derivatives for Independent Claim 22: Denture Conversion Alignment System and Method

Independent Claim 22: An alignment system for converting an existing denture for screw attachment to threaded implant abutments designed to perform the process of: a. mounting pick-up copings to the implant abutments with temporary fasteners, b. adhering the copings to cavities formed in the existing denture, c. pulling the denture with secured pick-up copings away from the implant abutments, d. unscrewing the threaded portions of the temporary fasteners from the implant abutments, e. forming definitive screw clearance holes in the denture, f. mounting the denture to the implant abutments with definitive screws that engage the same implant abutment threads as the temporary fasteners, wherein the unscrewing the threaded portions of the temporary fasteners and the forming definitive screw clearance holes in the denture may occur in either order.

---

Derivative 22.1: Material & Component Substitution - High-Performance Composite Denture with Integrated Smart Cavities

Enabling Description:
This derivative utilizes an existing denture fabricated from a high-performance fiber-reinforced composite material (e.g., PEEK with carbon fiber reinforcement). The cavities formed in the denture (step b) are pre-engineered "smart cavities" with an internal surface modified with a chemically active polymer layer that facilitates enhanced adhesion with specific pick-up coping adhesives (e.g., methacrylate-based). The pick-up copings are made from a ceramic-reinforced polymer (e.g., zirconia-filled PEEK). The temporary fasteners feature posts made of a high-strength ceramic (e.g., partially stabilized zirconia) with a specialized surface treatment for improved grip by a removal tool, and separable caps made of a low-durometer, thermoset polymer designed for controlled fracture release.

graph TD
    A[Existing Denture (High-Performance Composite)] --> B[Pre-engineered Smart Cavities (Chemically Active Polymer Layer)];
    C[Ceramic-Reinforced Polymer Pick-up Copings] --> D[Enhanced Adhesion with Cavities];
    E[Ceramic Post Temporary Fasteners (Zirconia)] --> F[Specialized Surface Treatment];
    G[Thermoset Polymer Cap (Controlled Fracture)] --> H[Separable from Post];
    I[Mount Copings with Fasteners] --> J[Adhere Copings to Cavities];
    K[Pull Denture with Copings] --> L[Caps Fracture/Release];
    M[Unscrew Ceramic Posts] --> N[Form Clearance Holes];
    O[Mount Denture with Definitive Screws];

---

Derivative 22.2: Operational Parameter Expansion - Cryogenic-Assisted, Non-Contact Removal of Fasteners

Enabling Description:
This method introduces cryogenic temperatures for the removal of temporary fasteners. After steps a, b, and c (mounting, adhering, and pulling the denture with copings), the denture with embedded copings and temporary fastener caps (but with posts still engaged in abutments) is cooled to a localized cryogenic temperature (e.g., -50°C to -80°C) using a directed flow of inert cryogenic gas (e.g., nitrogen). This extreme temperature causes differential thermal contraction between the temporary fastener post and the abutment threads, significantly reducing frictional engagement. A specialized non-contact magnetic extraction tool, operating on pulsed electromagnetic fields, is then used to axially pull the now loosely engaged temporary fastener posts from the abutments (step d) without rotation. This eliminates mechanical contact and potential thread wear during unscrewing. Definitive screw clearance holes (step e) are then formed, followed by final mounting (step f).

graph TD
    A[Mount Copings with Temp Fasteners];
    B[Adhere Copings to Denture];
    C[Pull Denture (Caps Separate)];
    D[Localized Cryogenic Cooling (-50°C to -80°C)];
    D --> E[Differential Thermal Contraction (Post/Abutment)];
    E --> F[Reduced Frictional Engagement];
    G[Non-Contact Magnetic Extraction Tool (Pulsed EM Fields)] --> H[Axially Pulls Posts];
    H --> I[Temporary Fasteners Removed (Non-Rotating)];
    J[Form Clearance Holes];
    K[Mount Denture with Definitive Screws];

---

Derivative 22.3: Cross-Domain Application - Prosthetic Limb Socket Adjustment for Robotics

Enabling Description:
This method adapts the denture conversion process to the field of robotics for fitting and adjusting a modular prosthetic limb socket to a robotic end-effector array. The "existing denture" is a pre-fabricated prosthetic limb socket. The "threaded implant abutments" are standardized mounting points on the robotic arm, equipped with internal threads. "Pick-up copings" are robust interface connectors specifically designed to bridge the robotic arm mounting points and the limb socket. "Temporary fasteners" are quick-release, shear-pin-based fasteners for initial alignment.
a. Robotic interface connectors (copings) are mounted to the robotic arm's mounting points (abutments) using quick-release, shear-pin temporary fasteners.
b. A rapid-set epoxy is used to adhere the connectors to pre-milled cavities in the prosthetic limb socket.
c. The limb socket with adhered connectors is pulled away from the robotic arm, with the shear pins fracturing to release the connectors from the temporary fasteners.
d. The remaining portions of the temporary fasteners are unscrewed from the robotic arm mounting points using a specialized tool.
e. Precision bore tools form definitive mounting holes in the limb socket.
f. The limb socket is mounted to the robotic arm using high-strength definitive bolts that engage the same threads as the temporary fasteners.

graph TD
    A[Robotic Arm] --> B[Standardized Mounting Points (Abutments)];
    C[Prosthetic Limb Socket (Existing Denture)];
    D[Robotic Interface Connectors (Pick-up Copings)];
    E[Quick-Release Shear-Pin Fasteners (Temporary Fasteners)];
    A1[Mount Connectors to Mounting Points with Fasteners (Step a)] --> B;
    A1 --> D;
    A1 --> E;
    F[Adhere Connectors to Socket Cavities with Rapid-Set Epoxy (Step b)] --> D;
    F --> C;
    G[Pull Socket with Connectors from Robotic Arm (Step c)] --> H[Shear Pins Fracture/Release];
    I[Unscrew Remaining Fastener Portions from Mounting Points (Step d)];
    J[Form Definitive Mounting Holes in Socket (Step e)];
    K[Mount Socket to Robotic Arm with Definitive Bolts (Step f)];
    I -- "Order interchangeable with" --> J;

---

Derivative 22.4: Integration with Emerging Tech - AR-Guided, AI-Optimized Cavity Milling and Fastener Alignment

Enabling Description:
This method integrates Augmented Reality (AR) and AI for real-time guidance and optimization of the denture conversion process.
a. Pick-up copings are mounted to implant abutments using temporary fasteners with integrated fiducial markers.
b. An AR headset worn by the clinician overlays a 3D digital model of the patient's oral cavity and the existing denture. AI algorithms analyze live camera feeds from the AR headset to precisely identify abutment positions and generate optimal cavity milling paths in the existing denture, displayed as virtual guides in the AR view.
c. An AI-driven robotic milling arm, guided by the AR system, precisely mills the cavities in the denture, adhering the copings.
d. The denture with secured pick-up copings is pulled away from the implant abutments, with the temporary fasteners axially separating.
e. AI analyzes the 3D scan of the converted denture to optimize the definitive screw clearance hole paths, displayed in the AR headset. A precision laser drilling system, also AR-guided, forms these holes.
f. The denture is mounted to the implant abutments with definitive screws. The AR system provides real-time torque feedback and alignment verification. The unscrewing of temporary fasteners (post-separation) and definitive hole formation can occur interchangeably, with AR/AI guiding both steps.

graph TD
    subgraph AR/AI System
        ARH[AR Headset (Clinician)]
        AIC[AI Algorithms (Cavity & Hole Path Opt.)]
        RMA[Robotic Milling Arm]
        LDS[Laser Drilling System]
    end

    A[Mount Copings (Fasteners w/ Fiducial Markers)];
    B[AR/AI Guides Cavity Milling (RMA)];
    C[Adhere Copings to Cavities];
    D[Pull Denture (Temporary Fasteners Axially Separate)];
    E[Unscrew Temporary Fastener Posts];
    F[AR/AI Guides Definitive Screw Clearance Hole Formation (LDS)];
    G[Mount Denture with Definitive Screws];

    A --> B;
    B --> C;
    C --> D;
    D --> E;
    D --> F;
    E -- "Order Independent" --> F;
    F --> G;
    ARH <--> AIC;
    AIC <--> RMA;
    AIC <--> LDS;

---

Derivative 22.5: The "Inverse" or Failure Mode - Expedited Emergency Conversion with Sacrificial Adhesion

Enabling Description:
This "inverse" method is designed for emergency situations where a rapid, albeit potentially less durable, conversion of an existing denture to screw attachment is paramount.
a. Pick-up copings are mounted to the implant abutments with temporary fasteners.
b. Instead of milling precise cavities, oversized, rough-textured cavities are rapidly created in the existing denture. A sacrificial, fast-setting, low-bond strength adhesive (e.g., cyanoacrylate-based or a rapid-curing resin with integrated micro-voids for stress concentration) is used to quickly adhere the copings to these cavities. This prioritizes speed over long-term mechanical integrity.
c. The denture with quickly adhered copings is pulled away from the implant abutments. The low-bond strength adhesive is designed to fracture readily, causing the caps to separate axially from the temporary fasteners with minimal effort.
d. The threaded portions of the temporary fasteners are unscrewed from the implant abutments.
e. Definitive screw clearance holes are quickly formed, potentially with less precision, using the coping bores as rough guides.
f. The denture is mounted to the implant abutments with definitive screws.
This method is intended for temporary stabilization or urgent functional restoration, accepting reduced longevity and requiring a planned follow-up for a more robust conversion.

graph TD
    A[Mount Copings with Temp Fasteners];
    B[Rapidly Create Oversized, Rough Cavities in Denture];
    C[Adhere Copings to Cavities (Sacrificial, Fast-Setting, Low-Bond Strength Adhesive)];
    D[Pull Denture (Caps Separate Easily due to Weak Adhesion)];
    E[Unscrew Temp Fastener Posts];
    F[Quickly Form Definitive Screw Clearance Holes (Less Precision)];
    G[Mount Denture with Definitive Screws];

    A --> B;
    B --> C;
    C --> D;
    D --> E;
    D --> F;
    E -- "Order Interchangeable" --> F;
    F --> G;

---

Combination Prior Art Scenarios with Open-Source Standards

1. US12156781 + DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) Standard:

   • Scenario: The digital capture of the converted prosthesis described in US12156781 (e.g., using scan flags, FIGS. 51-56) is directly integrated into a DICOM-compliant workflow. The 3D digital model generated from the scanned prosthesis (potentially augmented with patient-specific tissue data from CBCT scans) is stored and exchanged using DICOM standards. This ensures interoperability with various dental CAD/CAM software, patient management systems, and 3D printing platforms. The alignment data (implant coordinates, coping orientation) is embedded as structured data within DICOM metadata fields, allowing for seamless transfer and processing for the design and fabrication of definitive prostheses or duplicates.

2. US12156781 + G-code (RS-274D) Standard for Additive/Subtractive Manufacturing:

   • Scenario: The process of forming definitive screw clearance holes (Claim 22, step e) and fabricating new custom prostheses (as implied by digital capture) is performed by computer-controlled machining (CNC milling or 3D printing). The AI-driven CAM software, mentioned in the patent description, directly generates G-code (an open-source standard for numerical control) to guide the robotic milling arms or 3D printers. The toolpaths for milling cavities in the denture (Claim 22, step b) or drilling definitive screw channels are precisely defined in G-code, ensuring accurate and repeatable manufacturing processes. This leverages existing open-source machine control languages for dental manufacturing.

3. US12156781 + Open-Source Biometric Authentication Protocols (e.g., FIDO2 with WebAuthn):

   • Scenario: In the context of the IoT-enabled fastener (Derivative 1.4) or any system involving digital records, patient and clinician authentication for accessing or modifying digital models, treatment plans, or device parameters is secured using open-source biometric authentication protocols. For instance, a clinician using a tablet interface to approve a predictive release or review an AR-guided milling plan would authenticate using FIDO2/WebAuthn, potentially via a fingerprint or facial recognition scanner on their device. This standard ensures secure, phishing-resistant authentication for sensitive medical data and device control, protecting patient privacy and treatment integrity.

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