US 11857333

US Patent 11857333, titled "Integrated sleep diagnostic and therapeutic system and method," was granted to Cleveland Medical Devices Inc. The inventors listed are Hani Kayyali, Dan Bishop, and Brian M. Kolkowski. The application for this patent was filed on July 5, 2017, and the patent was issued on January 2, 2024.

Abstract:
The patent describes an integrated sleep diagnostic and therapeutic system and method. This system uses a diagnostic device to analyze a subject's sleep disorder or its symptoms and then either automatically or with human intervention, treats the subject physically or chemically to improve the condition. The diagnostic component can employ various sensors to measure respirations, cardiac signals, brain waves, blood gases, electromyography (EMG), electrooculography (EOG), and airway pressure. The treatment component may include devices for positive airway pressure (PAP), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), or chemical treatment (e.g., oxygen, carbon dioxide, or medication delivery). The system allows for remote monitoring and adjustment of treatment, as well as "training" the treatment device to correlate limited sensor data with a richer dataset from the diagnostic device for more accurate control.

Independent Claims Overview:

• Claim 1: This claim describes a sleep apnea treatment system that combines a data acquisition system with a CPAP device. The data acquisition system includes at least one sensor to measure a subject's physiological characteristics and an electronic component to receive and retransmit/transmit a signal from that sensor. The CPAP device has an electrical connection to receive this signal, and its operation (titration or adjustment) is based, at least in part, on the received signal.
• Claim 10: This claim details a treatment device for a sleep-related breathing disorder. It comprises a data acquisition system with at least one sensor for physiological characteristics and an electronic component to process and transmit the sensor's signal. A PAP device, which treats the breathing disorder, has an electrical connection to receive the transmitted signal and is adjusted based on it.
• Claim 11: This claim outlines a sleep apnea treatment system that features a data acquisition system (also described as a sleep screening device) with two or more sensors for physiological characteristics and an electronic component to wirelessly receive and retransmit/transmit signals. A CPAP device with a wireless receiver or transceiver receives these signals and is titrated or adjusted based on them.
• Claim 12: This claim describes a sleep apnea treatment system that includes a data acquisition system with at least one sensor providing an electrical signal of a physiological characteristic, an electronic component to process and transmit this signal, and a CPAP device with an electrical connection to receive the transmitted signal. The system also includes a remote monitoring station with a transceiver to receive the processed signal and transmit a command signal to the CPAP device, which then adjusts based on the command.
• Claim 13: This claim specifies a sleep apnea treatment system with a data acquisition system comprising at least three sensors that measure respiratory effort, pulse oximetry, and airflow. An electronic component receives and retransmits/transmits signals from these sensors. A CPAP device receives these signals and is titrated or adjusted based on them.
• Claim 14: Similar to Claim 13, this claim describes a sleep apnea treatment system with a data acquisition system having at least three sensors for respiratory effort, pulse oximetry, and airflow. An electronic component receives and retransmits/transmits these signals. The CPAP device receives the signals, has a display to visually represent them, and an interface for user input. The CPAP device is titrated or adjusted based on both the signals and user input.
• Claim 15: This claim describes a sleep-related breathing disorder treatment system with a data acquisition system having at least one physiological sensor and an electronic component for wirelessly receiving and retransmitting/transmitting its signal. A treatment interface device wirelessly receives, optionally processes, and retransmits/transmits this signal. A PAP device receives the signal from the treatment interface device and is titrated or adjusted based on it.
• Claim 16: This claim outlines a sleep-related breathing disorder treatment system featuring a data acquisition system with at least two sensors for at least one physiological characteristic and a video signal. An electronic component receives and retransmits/transmits these signals. A PAP device receives these signals and is titrated or adjusted based on them.
• Claim 17: This claim covers a method of treating a sleep-related breathing disorder. The steps include attaching at least one sensor to a subject and connecting it to a data acquisition system. Data is collected while the subject sleeps, and signals (either raw or processed) are retransmitted from the data acquisition system to a PAP or CPAP device. The PAP/CPAP device then periodically adjusts its flow of pressurized gas using at least part of the retransmitted or transmitted signal.
• Claim 20: This claim describes a sleeping disorder treatment system with a diagnostic device that includes a pulse oximeter sensor and generates a quantitative output of the severity of the disorder or symptoms. A treatment device physically or chemically treats the disorder or symptoms and can be adjusted using this quantitative output.

USPTO Database and CAFC 2026 Dockets Search:
A general search of the USPTO database confirms the existence and status of US Patent 11857333. The provided patent information is consistent with USPTO records.

Regarding the CAFC 2026 dockets, direct searches for "US11857333" within 2026 dockets did not yield specific case entries. However, the Google Patents page for US11857333B1 indicates "Family has litigation" and mentions a PTAB (Patent Trial and Appeal Board) case, IPR2025-00246, which is listed as "Pending - Instituted". This suggests ongoing challenges to the patent family, though not necessarily a direct CAFC docket filing in 2026 for this specific patent number based on the performed search.

As of April 26, 2026, the following litigation is known involving US patent 11857333:

1. Inter Partes Review (IPR) Proceeding

• Plaintiff(s) (Petitioner): Resmed Corp.
• Defendant(s) (Patent Owner): Cleveland Medical Devices Inc.
• Jurisdiction: Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB)
• Case Number: IPR2025-00246
• Filing Date: 2025-01-10
• Outcome or Current Status: Pending - Instituted. The institution date was 2025-07-30.

No other court litigation specifically involving US patent 11857333 was found in the search results. While Google Patents indicated "Family has litigation" with a link to Darts-ip, the provided Darts-ip search results describe their general services and database content rather than specific court cases for this particular patent.

Proceedings overview

There is one active AIA trial proceeding on US Patent 11857333 with a status of "Final Written Decision." This proceeding, IPR2025-00246, has reached a final written decision, the details of which will determine the bottom-line defensive posture for a defendant.

IPR2025-00246 — ResMed Corp. v. Cleveland Medical Devices, Inc.

• Type: Inter Partes Review
• Filed: 2025-01-10
• Status: Final Written Decision
• Judge panel: [Information not available in the provided text or through a quick search of publicly accessible snippets, requires direct lookup in PTAB E2E system].
• Petition grounds: [Information not available in the provided text or through a quick search of publicly accessible snippets, requires direct lookup in PTAB E2E system].
• Institution decision: The provided information states the status is "Final Written Decision" and "Pending - Instituted" in the Google Patents link, which implies institution occurred. [Specific date and reasoning not available in the provided text or through a quick search of publicly accessible snippets, requires direct lookup in PTAB E2E system].
• Final Written Decision (if issued): The proceeding is currently at the "Final Written Decision" stage as of 2026-06-29. The specific verdict at a claim-level granularity, including which independent or dependent claims were canceled or held patentable, is not available in the provided patent text or the available search snippets. [Requires direct lookup of the FWD on the USPTO PTAB Decisions portal].
• Settlement / termination: [Information not available in the provided text or through a quick search of publicly accessible snippets. Further investigation would be needed to determine if a settlement or other form of termination occurred before or at the FWD stage].
• Appeal: [Information not available in the provided text or through a quick search of publicly accessible snippets. An appeal to the Federal Circuit would occur after the Final Written Decision, if one of the parties chose to appeal].
• Defensive value: Without the specific outcome of the Final Written Decision for IPR2025-00246, it is impossible to definitively state the defensive value. If claims were canceled, it would significantly weaken any assertion built on those claims. If claims were sustained, it would suggest the patent is more robust against IPR challenges on the grounds raised.

Strategic summary

The current information indicates that US Patent 11857333 has been subjected to at least one Inter Partes Review, IPR2025-00246, initiated by ResMed Corp. The proceeding has reached the stage of a "Final Written Decision" as of 2026-06-29. However, the outcome of this decision—specifically, which claims, if any, were canceled or sustained—is not publicly detailed in the provided materials. Therefore, it is currently unknown which claims of 11857333 are now canceled, sustained, or remain untested.

The estoppel landscape under § 315(e)(2) for ResMed Corp. (and its privies) would bar them from asserting invalidity grounds in future proceedings that they raised or reasonably could have raised in IPR2025-00246. For other potential defendants, the availability of prior-art grounds depends entirely on the specific grounds challenged and the Board's findings in the Final Written Decision. Without the details of the FWD, it's not possible to outline the precise estoppel implications. The fact that ResMed Corp. filed this IPR indicates a potential ongoing dispute with the patent owner, Cleveland Medical Devices, Inc.

Recommended next steps

To understand the full defensive implications of IPR2025-00246, it is crucial to review the Final Written Decision. This document will specify the Board's findings on each challenged claim. You should search the USPTO PTAB Decisions portal for IPR2025-00246 to retrieve the full text of the Final Written Decision and quote its disposition regarding the patent claims. Without this document, any assessment of claim validity and defensive strategy remains incomplete.

Inventors

• Hani Kayyali (Cleveland Medical Devices Inc.)
• Dan Bishop (Cleveland Medical Devices Inc. - likely based on current assignee and other inventor's affiliation)
• Brian M. Kolkowski (Cleveland Medical Devices Inc.)

Original assignee

The original assignee on the issued patent is Cleveland Medical Devices Inc..

Cleveland Medical Devices Inc. (CleveMed) designs, develops, manufactures, and markets biomedical signal processing and instrumentation devices, with a focus on portable sleep systems and sleep disorders monitors. Their products include the DreamPort, iPSG, SleepScout, and SleepView home sleep monitors. They offer devices and web-based services for home sleep testing (HST).

As of April 23, 2025, Cleveland Medical Devices Inc. was acquired by Beacon Biosignals.

Assignment timeline

Searching the USPTO Assignment Center for patent number 11857333 yields the following:

• 2018-11-07 (executed) / recorded 2018-11-07 — Reel 046427/0273
  • Conveyance: Assignment of Assignors Interest
  • Assignor: BISHOP, DANIEL; KAYYALI, HANI; KOLKOWSKI, BRIAN M
  • Assignee: CLEVELAND MEDICAL DEVICES INC.
  • Correspondent: Brian M Kolkowski, CLEVELAND MEDICAL DEVICES INC., 4415 Euclid Ave. Suite 400, Cleveland, OH 44103. This correspondent is also an inventor on the patent.
  • Context: Transfer from individual inventors to the original corporate assignee.

Timeline diagram

timeline
    title Ownership of US 11857333
    2017 : Filed by Cleveland Medical Devices Inc
    2018 : Assigned from inventors to Cleveland Medical Devices Inc
    2024 : Issued to Cleveland Medical Devices Inc
    2025 : Cleveland Medical Devices Inc acquired by Beacon Biosignals

NPE / troll-pattern signals

1. Shell-entity transfer — not present. The initial transfer was from the inventors to Cleveland Medical Devices Inc., which is an operating company known for its sleep diagnostic products.
2. Known asserter in the chain — not present. Cleveland Medical Devices Inc. is an operating company, and there is no record of transfer to a known NPE.
3. Repeat correspondent across the chain — unclear. Brian M Kolkowski, one of the inventors and a VP, General Counsel for Cleveland Medical Devices Inc., is listed as the correspondent for the 2018 assignment. There is only one assignment recorded, so recurrence in this chain cannot be determined.
4. Cascading transfers — not present. Only one assignment is recorded for this patent, which is from the inventors to the initial assignee.
5. Pre-litigation transfer — not present. The only recorded assignment predates the patent issuance and any potential litigation related to this specific patent. The patent was issued in January 2024, and the assignment was recorded in November 2018.
6. Bankruptcy fire-sale — not present. Cleveland Medical Devices Inc. was acquired by Beacon Biosignals, not sold in bankruptcy proceedings.
7. Privateering — not present. No evidence suggests a privateering arrangement.
8. Defensive aggregator (anti-NPE) — not present. The patent is currently held by an operating company (Beacon Biosignals, following its acquisition of CleveMed) and has not been transferred to a defensive aggregator.

Verdict

Insufficient data. Only one assignment is recorded for this patent, which is the initial transfer from the inventors to the operating company, Cleveland Medical Devices Inc. While Cleveland Medical Devices Inc. has since been acquired by Beacon Biosignals, there is no public record of a subsequent assignment of this patent to reflect that acquisition in the USPTO Assignment Center as of the current date. Therefore, there are no patterns indicative of NPE activity in the available assignment records.

USPTO Assignment Center search for US11857333: https://assignmentcenter.uspto.gov/patent/index.html

To identify the most relevant prior art for US patent 11857333, I will examine the citations listed in the patent. The USPTO provides a Patent Public Search tool for this purpose.

Here's an analysis of relevant prior art citations for US Patent 11857333, based on the patent document itself:

Prior Art References (as cited in US11857333B1):

1. US 7,032,301 B2

   • Full Citation: U.S. Pat. No. 7,032,301
   • Publication/Filing Date: The priority date for US11857333 is listed as 2005-11-04, and US 7,032,301 was granted on April 25, 2006 (information from Google Patents, not explicitly stated in the provided text).
   • Brief Description: This patent describes "Dry physiological recording electrodes." The provided text from US11857333 states that these dry electrodes are advantageous because "they use no gel that can dry out, skin abrasion or cleaning is unnecessary, and the electrode can be applied in a hairy area such as the scalp."
   • Potentially Anticipates Claim(s) under 35 U.S.C. § 102: This reference is cited generally in the description of sensors, specifically electrodes. It anticipates aspects of claims that involve the use of electrodes, particularly for collecting bio-electrical signals like EEG, ECG, and EMG, and the convenience associated with dry electrodes. While it doesn't describe an entire integrated system, it provides a specific component that could be used within the systems described in claims 1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 20, where physiological sensors (including electrodes) are used.

2. US 5,424,942 A

   • Full Citation: U.S. Pat. No. 5,424,942
   • Publication/Filing Date: The priority date for US11857333 is 2005-11-04. US 5,424,942 was granted on June 13, 1995 (information from Google Patents, not explicitly stated in the provided text).
   • Brief Description: This patent is described as relating to the "ORICATM controller, an extended horizon, adaptive, predictive controller." It is mentioned in the context of system identification models, particularly an Auto-Regressive Moving Average (ARMA) model, used for signal processing to predict the onset of symptoms.
   • Potentially Anticipates Claim(s) under 35 U.S.C. § 102: This reference anticipates aspects of claims involving signal processing and control systems, specifically the use of predictive control or adaptive algorithms to analyze physiological signals and adjust treatment. This would be relevant to claims 1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 20, particularly where the "electronic component" or "processor" is described as generating a processed signal or making adjustments based on collected signals. The mention of using recursively identified system models and ARMA models to predict symptom onset directly relates to the processing and adjustment steps in these claims.

It's important to note that "potentially anticipates" implies that these prior art references teach certain elements of the claimed inventions. A full anticipation analysis under 35 U.S.C. § 102 would require a detailed claim-by-claim comparison to determine if every element of a given claim is present in a single prior art reference. The information provided here is based on the descriptions within US11857333 itself.

Obviousness Analysis of US Patent 11857333 under 35 U.S.C. § 103

This analysis assesses the obviousness of US Patent 11857333 ("the '333 patent") under 35 U.S.C. § 103, considering prior art available as of its priority date of November 4, 2005. The level of ordinary skill in the art (POSITA) at that time would encompass individuals with expertise in biomedical engineering, sleep medicine, signal processing, and medical device design. Such a POSITA would be familiar with polysomnography (PSG), home sleep testing (HST), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and positive airway pressure (PAP) devices, data acquisition systems, remote monitoring, and basic artificial intelligence/machine learning applications in medicine.

The '333 patent identifies several limitations of the prior art, specifically stating that no devices on the market could:

• Adjust gas flow based on a comprehensive evaluation of a subject's physiological state.
• Use a rich data set to predict/detect apnea and provide appropriate treatment.
• Employ a rich data set over single or multiple nights for optimal CPAP/PAP titration.
• Automatically adjust a treatment device based on physiological signals.
• Be used for CPAP/PAP titration in the subject's home.

These stated shortcomings represent problems that a POSITA would have been motivated to address using existing technologies.

I. Scope and Content of the Prior Art

Based on the patent's own statements and additional searches for prior art around the 2005 priority date, the following was known:

1. Home Sleep Testing (HST) Devices: By the mid-1990s, HST devices were evolving. Early devices measured limited parameters, but by the mid-2000s, more sophisticated HST devices were portable and capable of measuring multiple physiological parameters such as SpO2, pulse rate, oral/nasal airflow, respiratory effort, and body position, storing data, and offering improved user-friendliness for home use. While often lacking EEG, these devices provided multi-channel data. For example, WO 2006/082589 A2 (priority February 2005) describes a multi-sensor unit for home use, including a photoplethysmographic sensor for blood oxygen and a sensor for respiratory motion, capable of diagnosing apnea type and assessing stress response.
2. Automatic CPAP (Auto-CPAP) Systems: Auto-CPAP devices were available and designed to automatically and continuously adjust nasal pressure based on sensed parameters, primarily airflow, to maintain airway patency during sleep. These systems used feedback from integrated sensors (e.g., pneumotachographs, pressure sensors) to adapt pressure to variations in breathing patterns, body position, and sleep stages. Studies comparing auto-CPAP to manual titration for home use were also being conducted by 2005, suggesting auto-CPAP as a reliable alternative for determining therapeutic pressure in the home.
3. Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM): The underlying technology for remote monitoring of patients was well-established. Transmitting physiological signals (e.g., EKGs) over telephone lines dated back to 1967, and the internet's development in the 1990s significantly expanded telemedicine capabilities, enabling electronic data transmission. US5357427A (1994) described a system for remote monitoring of high-risk patients using artificial intelligence and telephone lines. US20080269571A1 (application filed 2004) further describes multi-user remote health monitoring systems capable of collecting and transmitting data via communication networks.
4. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in Medical Devices: The application of AI, particularly artificial neural networks (ANNs), in medical diagnostics and device control was known and developing rapidly since the 1980s. By 2000, discussions included ANNs for medical devices that could "learn" to support care providers and improve diagnostic accuracy. Machine learning algorithms were used to analyze medical datasets from early on.
5. Signal Processing Techniques: Standard signal processing algorithms, including Fourier Transforms, Short-Time Fourier Transforms (STFT), wavelet analysis, and various statistical methods, were well-known and applied in biomedical signal analysis for extracting meaningful information from physiological data.
6. Integrated Diagnostic and Treatment Concepts: While not explicitly detailed, US Patent 8,172,766 B1, from which the '333 patent claims priority (via its application US11/266,899), is titled "Apparatus and method for diagnosing and treating sleep disorders." This indicates that the fundamental concept of an integrated system for both diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders was part of the common inventive landscape originating from the same assignees around the priority date.

II. Motivation to Combine Prior Art References

A POSITA in 2005 would have been motivated to combine the aforementioned prior art elements for several compelling reasons:

• Improved Treatment Efficacy: The recognized limitations of simple auto-PAP devices (relying on single physiological variables) created a strong motivation to integrate richer diagnostic data (e.g., from multi-sensor HST devices) to provide more precise and effective therapy.
• Enhanced Patient Convenience and Compliance: The shift towards home-based sleep studies and therapy was driven by the desire for more comfortable, less intrusive, and less expensive options compared to in-lab PSG. Integrating multi-sensor diagnosis with automated treatment in a portable, home-friendly system would directly address this. Wireless communication was already recognized for improving patient mobility and reducing restrictions.
• Remote Management and Efficiency: The advancements in telemedicine and remote monitoring provided a clear motivation to allow clinicians to remotely review diagnostic data and adjust treatment parameters, thereby optimizing therapy without requiring frequent in-person visits.
• Leveraging Computational Power and AI: The growing capabilities of microprocessors and the emerging understanding of AI/ML applications in medicine would have motivated a POSITA to develop "smarter" devices. Specifically, using rich diagnostic data to "train" a treatment device's simpler sensors (e.g., via neural networks) would be a logical step to overcome the limitations of rudimentary auto-adjustment algorithms.

III. Obviousness Arguments for Representative Claims

Given the motivations and available prior art, many claims of US11857333B1 would have been obvious to a POSITA by November 4, 2005.

1. Claim 1: Integrated System with Sensor and CPAP
Claim 1 describes a sleep apnea treatment system with a data acquisition system (at least one sensor, electronic component for signal reception and retransmission/transmission) and a CPAP device with an electrical connection to receive the signal, where the CPAP is adjusted based on this signal.

• Combination: US8172766B1 (or its application) inherently suggests an integrated diagnosis and treatment system for sleep disorders. A POSITA would combine the multi-sensor diagnostic capabilities (e.g., from WO 2006/082589 A2, US6062216A, or US5245995A, which describe various physiological sensors and data acquisition) with an existing auto-CPAP device (e.g., US5645053A, US5245995A) that already uses electrical signals from internal sensors (e.g., airflow, pressure) for adjustment.
• Motivation: The motivation would be to enhance the auto-CPAP's effectiveness by providing it with additional or more refined physiological input from external diagnostic sensors, moving beyond the single-variable feedback prevalent in existing auto-CPAP systems.

2. Claim 11: Wireless Multi-Sensor System and CPAP Adjustment
Claim 11 specifies a sleep apnea treatment system with a data acquisition system having two or more sensors, wirelessly transmitting signals, and a CPAP device with a wireless receiver for adjustment based on these signals.

• Combination: A POSITA would combine known multi-sensor HST devices (e.g., those described in WO 2006/082589 A2 which used multiple sensors for home monitoring, or the evolving HST devices mentioned in "HST: Past, Present, & Future") with established wireless communication technologies for medical data (e.g., as widely available by 2005, and exemplified by remote patient monitoring systems). This wirelessly transmitted multi-sensor data would then be used to control an auto-CPAP device (e.g., US5645053A) which already incorporated automated adjustment logic.
• Motivation: The primary motivation would be to improve patient comfort, mobility, and compliance for home-based diagnosis and titration by eliminating physical tethers, a recognized benefit of wireless systems. The ability of auto-CPAPs to adjust based on physiological data was already known.

3. Claim 12: Remote Monitoring and Command for CPAP Adjustment
Claim 12 describes a system with a data acquisition system that processes and transmits signals, a CPAP device, and a remote monitoring station that receives the processed signal and transmits a command signal to the CPAP for adjustment.

• Combination: This combines a data acquisition system with processing and transmission capabilities (as in US8172766B1, or multi-sensor systems like WO 2006/082589 A2) with a remote patient monitoring station (e.g., US5357427A, US20080269571A1). The remote station's ability to receive and process data, coupled with the known adjustability of auto-CPAP devices (e.g., US5645053A), makes the addition of transmitting a command signal for remote adjustment a straightforward and obvious extension of existing telemedicine principles.
• Motivation: The motivation is to enable clinicians to remotely oversee and fine-tune CPAP therapy, particularly during home titration, thereby improving accessibility, efficiency, and clinical outcomes by allowing expert intervention without requiring in-person visits.

4. Claim 17: Method of Treatment with Periodic Adjustment
Claim 17 outlines a method including attaching a sensor, connecting it to a data acquisition system, collecting data during sleep, transmitting (raw or processed) signals to a PAP/CPAP device, and periodically adjusting the gas flow based on the signal.

• Combination: The steps are a direct application of combining a multi-sensor diagnostic method (e.g., comprehensive HST as described in "HST: Past, Present, & Future" or the system in WO 2006/082589 A2) with the automated treatment capabilities of a PAP/CPAP device (e.g., US5645053A). The periodic adjustment is inherent in any closed-loop control system, such as auto-CPAP, which continuously adapts to patient needs.
• Motivation: To improve the efficacy and adaptability of PAP/CPAP therapy by using real-time or near real-time physiological feedback, making the treatment more responsive to the patient's condition throughout the sleep period. This method also aligns with the push for more convenient, home-based titration.

5. "Training" the Treatment Device (as described in the specification)
The specification describes using "robust data collected during the titration with the diagnostic device" to "teach or train the treatment device to correlate the more robust data from the diagnostic device to limited sensor signatures from the PAP or CPAP device to allow for more accurate control," potentially using a neural network.

• Combination: This concept would be obvious by combining multi-sensor diagnostic systems capable of collecting "rich" data (e.g., WO 2006/082589 A2, US8172766B1, or advanced HST devices) with the known application of artificial intelligence and neural networks in medical devices for diagnosis and learning (as described in articles from 2000-2005, and in remote monitoring systems like US5357427A), and applying these to control an auto-CPAP device (e.g., US5645053A).
• Motivation: A POSITA would be motivated to apply existing machine learning techniques to a known problem: improving the accuracy and sophistication of auto-CPAP algorithms. By "training" a CPAP device to understand the relationship between a comprehensive diagnostic dataset and its own more limited sensor readings, the device could achieve more precise and personalized therapy, addressing the limitation of relying on a "single physiological variable" as described in the '333 patent itself.

In conclusion, the various independent claims of US Patent 11857333, covering an integrated sleep diagnostic and therapeutic system and method, would have been obvious to a person of ordinary skill in the art by the priority date of November 4, 2005. The motivation to combine existing technologies such as multi-sensor home sleep testing, auto-CPAP devices, remote patient monitoring, and nascent AI/machine learning in medical applications was driven by clear desires to improve treatment efficacy, patient convenience, remote management, and the intelligence of automated therapeutic devices.