US 11119756

Here's a concise summary of US patent 11119756:

Patent Number: US11119756B2
Title: System and method for controlling updates to internet-of-things devices
Current Assignee: Malikie Innovations Ltd
Original Assignee: BlackBerry Ltd
Inventors: Edward Snow Willis, David Alan INGLIS, Hashim Mohammad QADERI, Scott Hutchens, Christopher Scott TRAVERS, Conrad Delbert Seaman
Filing Date: 2020-07-06
Issue Date: 2021-09-14

Abstract:
The patent describes a computer system that facilitates updates to Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices. This system includes a processor, a communications subsystem, and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. It is adapted to receive an indication from a first device that a second device has been selected for an update. The system then signals the second device to send its state information, receives this information, and determines if the second device is ready for the update. After confirming readiness, it informs the first device. Upon receiving an instruction to update from the first device, the system sends a corresponding indication to the second device, which is configured to begin updating without any direct physical interaction. Related methods and computer-readable media are also described.

Plain-Language Overview of Independent Claims:

• Independent Claim 1 (Computer System):
  This claim describes a computer system designed to manage updates for other devices, specifically IoT devices. The system receives "state information" (details about its current operational status) from an IoT device that needs an update. It then figures out if that IoT device is in a suitable state to perform the update (e.g., not currently in use, sufficient battery). Separately, it receives a command from a different device (like a smartphone) to initiate the update. Only after both confirming the IoT device's readiness and receiving the command from the other device does the computer system send a signal to the IoT device to start the update. A key feature is that the IoT device is designed to begin the update automatically upon receiving this signal, without anyone having to physically interact with it (e.g., press buttons on the device itself).

• Independent Claim 14 (Computer-Implemented Method):
  This claim describes a step-by-step computer-implemented process that mirrors the functionality of the computer system in Claim 1. It involves receiving state information from a device needing an update, determining if that device is ready, receiving an update command from another device, and then sending the instruction to the device to begin updating. As with Claim 1, the device being updated starts autonomously without direct human interaction.

• Independent Claim 20 (Non-Transitory Computer-Readable Storage Medium):
  This claim focuses on the computer program instructions stored on a non-transitory computer-readable medium (e.g., a hard drive or flash memory). These instructions, when executed by a processor, enable a computer system to perform the same steps outlined in Claim 1 and Claim 14: receiving state information, determining readiness, receiving an update command from another device, and then sending the update initiation instruction to the device, which updates without direct interaction.

Litigation Information:
The patent text indicates that this patent family is involved in litigation, specifically mentioning a PTAB case IPR2026-00120 (filed, settlement) and a US case filed in the Texas Eastern District Court (2:25-cv-00555). No further specific CAFC dockets for this patent number were found in the provided search results beyond the general CAFC case listings for 2026.

Here is the known litigation involving US Patent 11119756 as of April 26, 2026:

1. PTAB Inter Partes Review (IPR) Case

• Case Number: IPR2026-00120
• Jurisdiction: Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB)
• Plaintiff(s): Petitioner: Unified Patents PTAB Data (as listed by Google Patents)
• Defendant(s): Not explicitly stated in the provided text, but typically the patent owner (Malikie Innovations Ltd. as the current assignee)
• Filing Date: Not explicitly stated, but the case number IPR2026-00120 suggests a filing in 2026.
• Outcome/Current Status: Settlement.

2. US District Court Case

• Case Number: 2:25-cv-00555
• Jurisdiction: Texas Eastern District Court
• Plaintiff(s): Not explicitly stated in the provided text.
• Defendant(s): Not explicitly stated in the provided text.
• Filing Date: Not explicitly stated, but the case number 2:25-cv-00555 suggests a filing in 2025.
• Outcome/Current Status: Litigation is active.

3. First Worldwide Family Litigation

• Case Details: A "First worldwide family litigation filed" is noted for the patent family (ID=67438231).
• Jurisdiction: Global/Worldwide (specific court not detailed in provided text).
• Plaintiff(s): Not explicitly stated.
• Defendant(s): Not explicitly stated.
• Filing Date: Not explicitly stated.
• Outcome/Current Status: Litigation is active.

No further litigation details were found beyond the information directly provided within the patent text on Google Patents.The previous response correctly identified the litigation events mentioned in the patent text. I will now use the search results to provide more specific details where available, particularly for the PTAB case.

1. PTAB Inter Partes Review (IPR) Case

• Case Number: IPR2026-00120
• Jurisdiction: Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB)
• Plaintiff(s): Petitioner: Unified Patents PTAB Data.
• Defendant(s): PO/Respondent: Malikie Innovations Ltd. (Malikie Innovations Ltd. is the current assignee of US11119756.)
• Filing Date: Not explicitly stated, but the trial number IPR2026-00120 indicates a filing in 2026. The Decision Issue Date was March 25, 2026.
• Outcome/Current Status: Settled Before Institution.

2. US District Court Case

• Case Number: 2:25-cv-00555
• Jurisdiction: Texas Eastern District Court
• Plaintiff(s): Not explicitly stated in the provided text or search results.
• Defendant(s): Not explicitly stated in the provided text or search results.
• Filing Date: Not explicitly stated, but the case number 2:25-cv-00555 suggests a filing in 2025.
• Outcome/Current Status: Litigation (Active).

3. First Worldwide Family Litigation

• Case Details: A "First worldwide family litigation filed" is noted for the patent family (ID=67438231).
• Jurisdiction: Global/Worldwide (specific court not detailed in provided text or search results).
• Plaintiff(s): Not explicitly stated.
• Defendant(s): Not explicitly stated.
• Filing Date: Not explicitly stated.
• Outcome/Current Status: Litigation (Active).

No additional litigation for US patent 11119756 was found in the search results beyond what was indicated in the patent's own legal status section.Here is the known litigation involving US patent 11119756 as of April 26, 2026:

1. PTAB Inter Partes Review (IPR) Case

• Case Number: IPR2026-00120
• Jurisdiction: Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB)
• Plaintiff(s): Petitioner: Unified Patents PTAB Data
• Defendant(s): PO/Respondent: Malikie Innovations Ltd.
• Filing Date: The Decision Issue Date was March 25, 2026, and the case number suggests a filing in 2026.
• Outcome/Current Status: Settled Before Institution.

2. US District Court Case

• Case Number: 2:25-cv-00555
• Jurisdiction: Texas Eastern District Court
• Plaintiff(s): Not explicitly stated in the available information.
• Defendant(s): Not explicitly stated in the available information.
• Filing Date: The case number suggests a filing in 2025.
• Outcome/Current Status: Litigation is active.

3. First Worldwide Family Litigation

• Case Details: A "First worldwide family litigation filed" is noted for the patent's family, which includes US11119756.
• Jurisdiction: Global (specific court not detailed in the available information).
• Plaintiff(s): Not explicitly stated in the available information.
• Defendant(s): Not explicitly stated in the available information.
• Filing Date: Not explicitly stated in the available information.
• Outcome/Current Status: Litigation is active.

Proceedings overview

There is one AIA trial proceeding on file for US patent 11119756, which was terminated as settled before institution. This means the patent's claims have not been adjudicated for patentability by the PTAB, and thus remain untested.

IPR2026-00120 — NRG Energy, Inc. et al. v. Malikie Innovations Ltd.

• Type: Inter Partes Review
• Filed: 2025-11-14
• Status: Terminated-Settled (Settled Before Institution on 2026-03-25)
• Judge panel: Information regarding the specific judge panel is not publicly available as the proceeding settled prior to an institution decision.
• Petition grounds: Details of the specific claims challenged, prior art relied upon, and statutory bases (§ 102 / § 103 / § 112) are not publicly available as the case settled before institution.
• Institution decision: Institution was denied because the proceeding settled before a decision on institution was issued. The decision outcome was "Settled Before Institution" on March 25, 2026.
• Final Written Decision: Not applicable, as the proceeding settled before institution.
• Settlement / termination: The proceeding was terminated as settled on March 25, 2026, prior to a decision on institution. The terms of the settlement are confidential.
• Appeal: Not applicable, as no Final Written Decision was issued.
• Defensive value: This IPR did not result in any claims of US11119756 being invalidated. The patent owner, Malikie Innovations Ltd., successfully concluded the proceeding without the patent claims being subject to PTAB review, meaning the patent's validity remains undiminished by this challenge.

Strategic summary

All claims of US11119756 remain UNTESTED by the PTAB. The single IPR filed, IPR2026-00120, was terminated as "Settled Before Institution". This outcome means that the PTAB did not render a decision on the merits of the challenged claims, and thus no claims were invalidated or sustained. For a defendant facing assertion of this patent, the claims have not been "hardened" by surviving an IPR, nor have they been weakened by cancellation.

The estoppel landscape under § 315(e)(2) typically applies to a petitioner (and its privies) after a Final Written Decision has been issued. Since IPR2026-00120 settled before institution, statutory estoppel under this section does not apply to NRG Energy, Inc. or its privies for any grounds that could have been raised in the petition. However, the specifics of any private settlement agreement would govern what prior-art grounds, if any, NRG Energy, Inc. and Malikie Innovations Ltd. are precluded from asserting against each other in future proceedings. Generally, absent an institution decision and FWD, the public estoppel effects are minimal.

Malikie Innovations Ltd. is an IP holding company that acquired a substantial patent portfolio, including over 30,000 former BlackBerry patents, in March 2023. They are actively engaged in patent assertions across multiple sectors, including Wi-Fi SEPs and connected-vehicle technologies, and have filed infringement suits against companies like Hyundai, Honda, Brother Industries, Hisense, and NTT. The settlement of this IPR before institution may indicate a strategic decision by Malikie Innovations Ltd. to manage the PTAB challenge without a full validity review, or a mutually beneficial agreement with the petitioner. The current environment at the PTAB, under Director John A. Squires, has seen increased discretionary denials of IPRs, often based on factors like U.S. manufacturing activity or "settled expectations," which could incentivize patent owners to pursue settlement.

Recommended next steps

For a defendant currently facing assertion of US11119756:

• Assess validity independently: Since no PTAB determination on the merits has occurred, the patent's claims remain open to validity challenges in district court or through new AIA trial proceedings (IPR, PGR, or CBM, if applicable).
• Evaluate prior art: Conduct a thorough prior art search to identify potential invalidity grounds for US11119756, as the PTAB has not yet evaluated any.
• Consider new PTAB challenge: If strong prior art exists, consider initiating a new IPR. Be aware of recent changes in PTAB discretionary institution policies, including the Director's increased control over institution decisions, the consideration of U.S. manufacturing footprint, and "settled expectations" doctrines.
• Monitor other litigations: Keep track of Malikie Innovations Ltd.'s ongoing litigation activities and any new IPR filings against US11119756 or its related patents to inform your defensive strategy.

Inventors

• Edward Snow Willis
• David Alan INGLIS
• Hashim Mohammad QADERI
• Scott Hutchens
• Christopher Scott TRAVERS
• Conrad Delbert Seaman

All inventors were employed by BlackBerry Ltd at the time of filing.

Original assignee

BlackBerry Ltd. is the original assignee. BlackBerry Ltd. is a Canadian multinational technology company known for its smartphones and, more recently, for enterprise software and cybersecurity solutions. It is currently an operating company.

Assignment timeline

• 2020-07-07 (executed) / recorded 2020-07-07 — Reel 052063/0187

  • Conveyance: Assignment
  • Assignor: QADERI, Hashim Mohammad, INGLIS, DAVID ALAN, TRAVERS, CHRISTOPHER SCOTT, HUTCHENS, Scott, WILLIS, EDWARD SNOW, SEAMAN, CONRAD DELBERT (all inventors)
  • Assignee: BLACKBERRY LIMITED
  • Correspondent: BERRY LAW GROUP PLLC, 3500 WEST OLIVE AVENUE, SUITE 500, BURBANK, CALIFORNIA, UNITED STATES, 91505. This correspondent does not appear elsewhere in this site's tracked patents.
  • Context: Internal reorg (assignment from inventors to their employer)

• 2023-06-16 (executed) / recorded 2023-06-16 — Reel 060299/0189

  • Conveyance: Assignment
  • Assignor: BLACKBERRY LIMITED
  • Assignee: MALIKIE INNOVATIONS LIMITED
  • Correspondent: David C. Radulescu, NIXON PEABODY LLP, 7900 XERXES AVENUE SOUTH, SUITE 800, BLOOMINGTON, MINNESOTA, UNITED STATES, 55431-1159. This correspondent does not appear elsewhere in this site's tracked patents.
  • Context: Transfer to asserter

• 2023-06-19 (executed) / recorded 2023-06-20 — Reel 060343/0748

  • Conveyance: Assignment
  • Assignor: BLACKBERRY LIMITED
  • Assignee: MALIKIE INNOVATIONS LIMITED
  • Correspondent: David C. Radulescu, NIXON PEABODY LLP, 7900 XERXES AVENUE SOUTH, SUITE 800, BLOOMINGTON, MINNESOTA, UNITED STATES, 55431-1159. This correspondent also filed the preceding assignment for Malikie Innovations Ltd.
  • Context: Nunc Pro Tunc Assignment (correction/confirmation of prior assignment)

Timeline diagram

timeline
    title Ownership of US 11119756
    2020 : Assigned to BlackBerry Ltd
    2021 : Issued
    2023 : Assigned to Malikie Innovations Ltd
         : Nunc Pro Tunc Assignment

NPE / troll-pattern signals

1. Shell-entity transfer — present. The patent was assigned from BlackBerry Limited, an operating company, to Malikie Innovations Limited. While the patent text describes Malikie Innovations Ltd as the "Current Assignee", external sources, specifically Unified Patents, identify Malikie Innovations Limited as a known NPE. The transfer to an entity like Malikie Innovations, which does not appear to have its own product lines, suggests a licensing-focused entity.
2. Known asserter in the chain — present. Malikie Innovations Limited is identified as a known NPE by Unified Patents.
3. Repeat correspondent across the chain — present. David C. Radulescu of Nixon Peabody LLP acted as the correspondent for both the 2023-06-16 and 2023-06-19 assignments to Malikie Innovations Limited (Reel 060299/0189 and Reel 060343/0748). This recurrence, specifically for the transfers involving the identified NPE, is a signal.
4. Cascading transfers — not present. There are two assignments from BlackBerry Limited to Malikie Innovations Limited within a short period (June 2023), but these appear to be related to the same transfer (one being a "Nunc Pro Tunc Assignment") rather than multiple distinct transfers through chained LLCs.
5. Pre-litigation transfer — unclear. There is a PTAB case IPR2026-00120 filed in 2026 and a US case filed in Texas Eastern District Court in 2025 related to this patent. The assignment to Malikie Innovations Limited occurred in June 2023 (Reel 060299/0189), which is more than six months prior to the 2025 litigation date. However, without knowing the exact date the first infringement suit was filed, it's hard to be definitive.
6. Bankruptcy fire-sale — not present. BlackBerry Ltd. is an active operating company, not in bankruptcy.
7. Privateering — unclear. While the patent was transferred from an operating company (BlackBerry) to an NPE (Malikie Innovations), there is no explicit information in the provided text or readily available public records (like SEC filings) to confirm that Malikie Innovations is asserting the patent on behalf of BlackBerry against competitors.
8. Defensive aggregator (anti-NPE) — not present. The chain ends with Malikie Innovations Limited, an identified NPE, not a defensive aggregator.

Verdict

NPE — high confidence
The transfer of the patent from an operating company (BlackBerry Limited) to Malikie Innovations Limited (Reel 060299/0189), which is publicly recognized as a Non-Practicing Entity, coupled with the repeat correspondent (David C. Radulescu of Nixon Peabody LLP) handling multiple assignments for Malikie Innovations Limited (Reel 060299/0189 and Reel 060343/0748), strongly indicates an NPE pattern.

Verification: https://assignmentcenter.uspto.gov/

As a technical patent analyst, I have searched for US patent 11119756 and identified its prior art citations. The analysis below details each cited patent, its publication/filing date, a brief description, and which claims of US11119756 it potentially anticipates under 35 U.S.C. § 102.

The core innovative aspects of US11119756, as reflected in its independent claims (Claims 1, 14, 20), are:

1. A central computer system (e.g., switchboard server 110) receives state information from an update-receiving device (e.g., IoT device 120).
2. The central system determines readiness for update based on this state information.
3. The central system receives a separate indication to update from a different controlling device (e.g., first device 100).
4. After both the readiness determination and the update indication are received, the central system sends a "begin update" indication to the update-receiving device.
5. The update-receiving device initiates the update without any direct human interaction.

I will examine the cited prior art against these key features.

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Prior Art Analysis for US Patent 11119756

1. US20040083471A1

• Full Citation: US20040083471A1, Method of upgrading system software of a home appliance, [LG Electronics Inc.](/litigations/by-plaintiff/LG%20Electronics%20Inc.)
• Publication/Filing Date: Priority date: 2002-10-21, Publication date: 2004-04-29.
• Brief Description: This patent application describes a method for upgrading system software of a home appliance. It involves connecting a home appliance to a service server via a home gateway and the Internet, allowing the service server to download new software to the appliance and perform the upgrade. It mentions checking conditions before upgrading, such as whether a heating element is on.
• Potential Anticipation:
  • Claims 1, 14, 20 (Partially): This reference teaches a server-based remote update of a home appliance and checking conditions (state information) before the upgrade. However, it does not explicitly disclose a separate "another device" (first device 100 in US11119756) that sends an indication to update after the readiness determination, which is a key distinguishing feature of US11119756. The control flow originates from the service server and the appliance, not an intermediate user device. The "without any direct interaction" aspect is present for the final update execution from the server.

2. US20050039178A1

• Full Citation: US20050039178A1, System and method for downloading update packages into a mobile handset in a carrier network, Sunil Marolia.
• Publication/Filing Date: Priority date: 2003-06-27, Publication date: 2005-02-17.
• Brief Description: This describes a system and method for downloading update packages to a mobile handset via a carrier network. It focuses on the secure and efficient delivery of software updates to mobile devices, possibly triggered by network events or user requests.
• Potential Anticipation:
  • None directly: While it deals with remote updates to a device (mobile handset), it lacks the specific multi-device control flow of US11119756 involving state information for readiness determination from the updated device, and an explicit indication to update from a separate user device mediated by a server.

3. US20070192462A1

• Full Citation: US20070192462A1, System and method for managing applications of home network devices, [[Samsung Electronics Co.](/litigations/by-defendant/Samsung%20Electronics%20Co.), Ltd.](/litigations/by-plaintiff/Samsung%20Electronics%20Co.%2C%20Ltd.)
• Publication/Filing Date: Priority date: 2006-02-15, Publication date: 2007-08-16.
• Brief Description: This patent application describes managing applications on home network devices, including installing, updating, and removing applications. A management server can control the applications on home network devices.
• Potential Anticipation:
  • Claims 1, 14, 20 (Partially): This discloses remote management and updating of home network devices via a server. However, it doesn't clearly teach the specific sequence of receiving state information for readiness from the device, then receiving an update indication from a separate user device, followed by initiating an update without direct interaction. The management seems more direct from the server or through user interaction with the managed device.

4. US20080040713A1

• Full Citation: US20080040713A1, Method for remotely upgrading the firmware of a target device using wireless technology, Stmicroelectronics Pvt. Ltd.
• Publication/Filing Date: Priority date: 2004-05-31, Publication date: 2008-02-14.
• Brief Description: This patent describes remotely upgrading firmware of a target device (e.g., embedded device) using wireless technology, where a host computer sends a firmware upgrade request to the target device via a transceiver.
• Potential Anticipation:
  • None directly: This focuses on the wireless remote upgrade mechanism itself. It does not teach the central server's role in determining readiness based on state information from the target device, nor the initiation by a separate user device in the manner of US11119756.

5. US20080301667A1

• Full Citation: US20080301667A1, Dynamically Updating Software Applications on a Device, Google Inc.
• Publication/Filing Date: Priority date: 2007-05-30, Publication date: 2008-12-04.
• Brief Description: This describes dynamically updating software applications on a device, often in the context of mobile devices and applications that can update themselves. It also includes methods for a user to manage or choose when updates are applied.
• Potential Anticipation:
  • None directly: While it discusses user control over updates, it doesn't outline the specific three-device (first device, server, second device) interaction model for state-based readiness determination and remote, non-direct interaction update initiation as found in US11119756.

6. US20090271507A1

• Full Citation: US20090271507A1, System and method for assisted administration of remote device updates, Kodimer Marianne L.
• Publication/Filing Date: Priority date: 2008-04-24, Publication date: 2009-10-29.
• Brief Description: This patent describes a system for administering remote device updates where an administrator or user can manage updates for various devices through a central system. It can involve scheduling updates and receiving feedback.
• Potential Anticipation:
  • Claims 1, 14, 20 (Partially): This reference broadly covers remote update administration. It could be seen as having a "central system" (server) and "another device" (administrator's device). However, it lacks the explicit teaching of the "state information" from the updated device being used by the central system to determine readiness before the update is permitted, and the specific "without any direct interaction" clause tied to the final trigger from the server to the updated device.

7. US20090300595A1

• Full Citation: US20090300595A1, System and Method for Remotely Updating Control Software in a Vehicle With an Electric Drive System, Ise Corporation.
• Publication/Filing Date: Priority date: 2008-05-30, Publication date: 2009-12-03.
• Brief Description: This patent describes remotely updating software in a vehicle, specifically an electric drive system. It involves a service center sending update information to a vehicle, and the vehicle performing the update. It mentions checking if the vehicle is in a "stoppable" state for the update.
• Potential Anticipation:
  • Claims 1, 14, 20 (Partially): This is highly relevant as it describes remote updates for a vehicle (an IoT device type), involves a "service center" (analogous to the switchboard server), and checks for a "stoppable state" (state information for readiness). However, similar to US20040083471A1, it primarily describes a direct interaction between the service center and the vehicle. It doesn't explicitly introduce a third party user device (first device 100) that initiates the update after readiness is determined by the server, as a distinct step. The "without any direct interaction" for the final update execution from the service center is implied. This is a strong candidate for anticipating some aspects but likely not the full claim combination of US11119756.

8. US20100082559A1

• Full Citation: US20100082559A1, Method of managing a schedule-based software package update, General Motors Corporation.
• Publication/Filing Date: Priority date: 2008-09-19, Publication date: 2010-04-01.
• Brief Description: This relates to managing software updates based on a schedule, particularly for vehicle systems. It can involve a central server pushing updates to vehicles according to predefined schedules.
• Potential Anticipation:
  • None directly: This focuses on scheduled updates. It doesn't detail the dynamic state information exchange, readiness determination by a server, and user-initiated remote update via a separate device in the manner of US11119756.

9. US7831967B2

• Full Citation: US7831967B2, Method of and apparatus for updating software of network device, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
• Publication/Filing Date: Priority date: 2004-08-06, Publication date: 2010-11-09.
• Brief Description: This patent describes a method and apparatus for updating software of a network device by transmitting update files from a server to the device. It includes steps for checking the version of the software and performing the update.
• Potential Anticipation:
  • None directly: While it covers remote updates, it lacks the nuanced interaction with state information for readiness determination by a central server and a user-driven initiation from a separate device, which are central to US11119756.

10. US8561054B2

• Full Citation: US8561054B2, Method for updating software components, Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft.
• Publication/Filing Date: Priority date: 2009-04-27, Publication date: 2013-10-15.
• Brief Description: This patent describes a method for updating software components, particularly in a vehicle. It involves a central control unit receiving update data and distributing it to other control units in the vehicle. It focuses on the internal update process within a complex system.
• Potential Anticipation:
  • None directly: This focuses on internal software distribution within a vehicle. It does not address the remote control interaction from an external user device and a server to initiate updates based on state information.

11. US20130311611A1

• Full Citation: US20130311611A1, Method and device for executing a device management command based on an execution time, LG Electronics Inc.
• Publication/Filing Date: Priority date: 2011-12-12, Publication date: 2013-11-21.
• Brief Description: This patent describes a method for a server to send a device management command (e.g., software update) to a device, where the command is executed at a specific "execution time." This execution time can be determined based on device usage patterns or other criteria.
• Potential Anticipation:
  • Claims 1, 14, 20 (Partially): This reference teaches a server sending a command (like an update) and considering device state/usage to determine an execution time. This is close to the "determine readiness based on state information" (element b of Claim 1). It also implies the update occurs "without direct interaction" at the device once the command is received. However, it still lacks the explicit "another device" (first device 100) providing a distinct "indication to update" (element c of Claim 1) after the readiness determination, which is a specific control flow aspect of US11119756.

12. US8997092B2

• Full Citation: US8997092B2, Method, system, and computer readable medium for provisioning and remote distribution, Symantec Corporation.
• Publication/Filing Date: Priority date: 2010-02-03, Publication date: 2015-03-31.
• Brief Description: This patent focuses on remote provisioning and distribution of software or configurations to managed devices. It describes a server pushing updates to client devices.
• Potential Anticipation:
  • None directly: Similar to other remote update patents, it lacks the specific tripartite interaction (first device, server, second device) and the detailed state-based readiness determination and remote, non-interactive update trigger flow of US11119756.

13. US20160277195A1

• Full Citation: US20160277195A1, Method of authenticating devices using certificates, Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd.
• Publication/Filing Date: Priority date: 2013-12-16, Publication date: 2016-09-22.
• Brief Description: This patent describes methods for authenticating devices using certificates, which is a security aspect relevant to device communication but not directly to the update control logic.
• Potential Anticipation:
  • None directly: This reference is tangential, focusing on device authentication rather than the method of update control itself.

14. US20160294614A1

• Full Citation: US20160294614A1, Remote Embedded Device Update Platform Apparatuses, Methods and Systems, Symphony Teleca Corporation.
• Publication/Filing Date: Priority date: 2014-07-07, Publication date: 2016-10-06.
• Brief Description: This patent describes a remote embedded device update platform that allows a backend server to manage updates for embedded devices. It mentions using device telemetry (state information) to assess device health and readiness for updates.
• Potential Anticipation:
  • Claims 1, 14, 20 (Strong Candidate): This reference is a very strong candidate for anticipating many aspects of US11119756. It explicitly mentions a backend server managing updates, and critically, using device telemetry (state information) to assess readiness for updates. This covers elements (a) and (b) of Claim 1. The remote nature of the update implies "without any direct interaction" (element d). The main missing element for full anticipation of US11119756's independent claims would be the explicit and distinct step where a separate "another device" (first device 100) sends the final indication to update after the server has determined readiness. If the "platform" allows a user or administrator to trigger the update from a remote interface after readiness is assessed by the server, it would be extremely close to fully anticipating.

15. US20170300313A1

• Full Citation: US20170300313A1, Method and system for downloading and installing a remote software update on a vehicle, GM Global Technology Operations LLC.
• Publication/Filing Date: Priority date: 2016-04-14, Publication date: 2017-10-19.
• Brief Description: This describes a method for remote software updates on a vehicle, where an update server downloads and installs updates. It may involve checking vehicle status (e.g., parked, ignition off) before commencing the update.
• Potential Anticipation:
  • Claims 1, 14, 20 (Strong Candidate): Similar to US20090300595A1 and US20160294614A1, this is highly relevant, focusing on vehicles (a key IoT device example in US11119756). It clearly teaches a remote server providing updates and checking "vehicle status" (state information) for readiness before installing the update. This covers elements (a) and (b) of Claim 1, and the "without any direct interaction" is inherent. Again, the primary distinction from US11119756's broadest claims would be the explicit presence of a separate "another device" (first device 100) providing a distinct "indication to update" after the server's readiness determination. If the system allows a user to initiate the update remotely from, for example, a mobile app after the server indicates the vehicle is ready, it would very closely anticipate the independent claims of US11119756.

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Summary of Most Relevant Prior Art:

Based on the analysis, US20160294614A1 (Remote Embedded Device Update Platform) and US20170300313A1 (Remote Software Update on a Vehicle) appear to be the most relevant prior art. Both explicitly teach the use of a central server (or "platform" / "update server") that receives state information (telemetry / vehicle status) from a device (embedded device / vehicle) and determines readiness for an update based on this information. The updates are performed remotely, implying "without direct interaction."

The distinguishing feature of US11119756's independent claims (1, 14, 20) that these references might not fully anticipate is the precise control flow involving a third, distinct user device (the "first device" or "another device" in US11119756) that sends an explicit indication to update to the central server after the central server has determined the updated device is ready. While these prior arts might imply a user initiating the update through some interface, the explicit architectural split and the specific sequencing of these "indications" via a server acting as a switchboard for a remote user device and the IoT device is what US11119756 emphasizes. However, the differences may be subtle in a § 102 analysis, especially if the prior art documents imply such user interaction from a remote interface.

The request to perform an obviousness analysis under 35 U.S.C. § 103 requires identifying combinations of prior art references and explaining the motivation to combine them. However, the "Prior Art" section provided for US patent 11119756 on the Google Patents page contains only "Prior art keywords" (update, available, indication, computer system, state information) and a "Prior art date" (2018-08-03). This section does not list specific prior art references (e.g., other patents or publications) that can be combined for an obviousness analysis.

Therefore, without specific prior art references from the designated "Prior Art section," it is not possible to identify combinations of references or explain the motivation for combining them to render the claims of US11119756 obvious.

To perform such an analysis, a list of cited prior art documents (typically found under a "Citations" or "References Cited" section in a patent document) would be necessary.

Here's a detailed breakdown of US patent 11119756 regarding its prosecution history and projected expiration:

Continuation and Divisional Applications

• Continuation Applications: US11119756B2 is explicitly identified as a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/054,004, which was filed on August 3, 2018. The contents of the parent application are incorporated by reference.
• Divisional Applications: The provided patent text and search results do not explicitly mention any divisional applications stemming from US11119756B2.

Related Family Members

The patent family (ID=67438231) includes several related applications and publications:

• Parent Application: US16/054,004 (which issued as US10719309B2).
• Priority Application: US16/921,461 (the application number for US11119756B2 itself, which also serves as a priority document for other applications claiming its priority).
• Other Published Versions/Family Members:
  • US20200334031A1 (a publication of an earlier stage of the US16/921,461 application)
  • CA3050108A1
  • EP3605319A1
  • US20200042301A1
  • US10719309B2 (the patent resulting from the parent application US16/054,004)

Patent Term Adjustments (PTA) and Patent Term Extensions (PTE)

• Patent Term Adjustments (PTA): Information regarding specific Patent Term Adjustments (PTA) for US11119756B2 is not available in the provided patent text or general public search results. PTA is typically calculated by the USPTO to compensate for administrative delays during patent prosecution (e.g., if the USPTO fails to meet certain deadlines, such as issuing an office action within 14 months of filing or issuing a patent within 36 months of filing). The USPTO automatically determines and transmits a notice of PTA on or before the patent's issuance date.
• Patent Term Extensions (PTE): There is no indication in the patent text or search results that US11119756B2 has received a Patent Term Extension (PTE). PTEs are typically granted to patents claiming products (e.g., human drugs, medical devices, food additives) that have undergone a regulatory review period before commercial marketing, to restore time lost during that review. Given the technical field of "System and method for controlling updates to internet-of-things devices," it is unlikely to be eligible for a PTE.

Projected Expiration Date

The patent text explicitly states the Anticipated expiration: 2038-08-03. This date is consistent with the general rule that utility patents filed after June 7, 1995, have a term that begins on the issue date and ends 20 years from the earliest filing date of the application, taking into account any priority claims. In this case, the priority date of 2018-08-03 for the parent application US16/054,004 dictates the 20-year term.

Defensive Disclosure Document for US Patent 11119756

Current Date: 2026-07-30

This document outlines derivative variations of the core concepts disclosed in US Patent 11119756 ("System and method for controlling updates to internet-of-things devices"). The purpose of this defensive disclosure is to establish prior art for future incremental improvements or alternative implementations that competitors might attempt to patent, thereby rendering such attempts obvious or non-novel.

The fundamental concepts of US11119756 include a central computer system (e.g., switchboard server) that orchestrates software updates for a second device (IoT device) based on state information received from the IoT device and an explicit update indication from a first device (e.g., user's smartphone), with the IoT device updating without direct human interaction.

---

Derivative Variations based on Core Claims (Claims 1, 14, 20)

1. Material & Component Substitution

Derivative 1.1: Quantum-Resistant Cryptography and Specialized Memory for Enhanced IoT Security and Durability

• Enabling Description: The communications subsystem (330) of the switchboard server (110) and the second device (120) are equipped with quantum-resistant cryptographic modules implementing algorithms such as CRYSTALS-Kyber for key exchange and CRYSTALS-Dilithium for digital signatures, securing all data plane and control plane communications (messages 510, 520, 530, 540, 550, 560). The memory (320) of the second device (120) utilizes Ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) for storing firmware, state information, and update packages. FeRAM offers ultra-low power consumption, high endurance (10^12 read/write cycles), and non-volatility, making it ideal for robust IoT applications where frequent updates or power fluctuations could compromise traditional flash memory. The physical communication layer for state information and update delivery is implemented using an IEEE 802.15.4g-compliant Sub-GHz radio for enhanced range and penetration in challenging environments, with a secure CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol) layer atop UDP/IPv6 for efficient message exchange.

classDiagram
    class SwitchboardServer {
        +Processor 310
        +CommunicationsSubsystem 330
        +Memory 320
        +QuantumResistantCryptoModule
        +CoAPEndpoint
        +UpdateLogic
    }
    class FirstDevice {
        +Processor
        +CommunicationsSubsystem
        +UserInterface
        +CoAPEndpoint
        +UpdateRequestLogic
    }
    class SecondDevice {
        +Processor 310
        +CommunicationsSubsystem 330
        +FeRAM Memory 320
        +QuantumResistantCryptoModule
        +IEEE802_15_4gRadio
        +CoAPEndpoint
        +StateReportingLogic
        +UpdateExecutionLogic
    }
    SwitchboardServer "1" -- "1" FirstDevice : CoAP/IPSec Communication
    SwitchboardServer "1" -- "1" SecondDevice : CoAP/IPSec over 802.15.4g
    FirstDevice "1" -- "1" User : UserInteraction
    SecondDevice <|-- IoTDeviceComponent : (e.g., Vehicle ECU)

---

2. Operational Parameter Expansion

Derivative 2.1: Hyper-Scale, Mission-Critical Industrial IoT Fleet Updates with Real-time Constraint Management

• Enabling Description: The system is adapted to manage firmware updates for a fleet of 500,000+ industrial IoT sensors deployed across diverse operational environments (e.g., deep-sea oil rigs, high-altitude wind turbines, nuclear power plant cooling systems). The "state information" (messages 530) from each sensor includes not only operational status but also micro-environmental conditions (e.g., localized vibration frequency, ambient radiation levels, structural strain data) and predictive maintenance indicators. The switchboard server (110) employs a massively parallel processing architecture (e.g., GPU-accelerated computing clusters) to determine readiness for update (operation 640) for millions of devices concurrently, leveraging real-time analytics for constraint resolution. Updates are pushed with hard real-time latency guarantees (<10ms end-to-end) during pre-calculated micro-idle periods identified by AI, preventing any interruption to critical processes. The "begin update" indication (message 560) is transmitted over a Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) infrastructure (IEEE 802.1Qbv) to ensure deterministic delivery and execution. Failure modes are managed with instant rollback to a certified previous state within microseconds.

sequenceDiagram
    participant F as First Device (Operator Console)
    participant S as Switchboard Server (Cluster)
    participant IIoT as Industrial IoT Fleet (500k+ Sensors)

    F->>S: Select IIoT Fleet for Update (Message 510)
    S->>IIoT: Request State Information (TSN Message 520)
    IIoT->>S: Send Hyper-granular State Info (TSN Messages 530)
    S->>S: Real-time AI-driven Readiness Determination (Operation 640)
    alt IIoT Ready & Constraints Met
        S->>F: IIoT Fleet Ready for Update (Message 540)
        F->>F: Operator Initiates Update via UI
        F->>S: Indication to Update IIoT Fleet (Message 550)
        S->>IIoT: Begin Update (Hard Real-time TSN Message 560)
        IIoT->>IIoT: Perform Update (without direct interaction)
        IIoT-->>S: Update Status/Completion (TSN)
        S-->>F: Update Progress/Completion
    else IIoT Not Ready
        S->>F: IIoT Fleet Not Ready (Explanation)
    end

---

3. Cross-Domain Application

Derivative 3.1: Remote Firmware Updates for Implanted Medical Devices

• Enabling Description: This system is applied to remotely update firmware for critical implanted medical devices, such as cardiac pacemakers, neurostimulators, or continuous glucose monitors. The "first device" (100) is a clinician's secure tablet or a patient's approved home monitoring unit. The "second device" (120) is the implanted medical device. State information (messages 530) transmitted from the implanted device to the switchboard server (110) includes battery level, physiological parameters (e.g., heart rhythm stability, glucose levels), current therapeutic regimen activity, and patient activity levels. The server determines readiness (operation 640) by confirming patient stability, device idle status, and sufficient battery, potentially consulting external patient health records (EHR) systems. Updates (message 560) are initiated by the clinician via the tablet (message 550) only when all safety criteria are met, ensuring no interruption to life-sustaining functions. The update itself occurs via a secure, ultra-low-power inductive or RF link to an external bedside relay device (part of the Second Device 120's communication subsystem), which then securely programs the implanted device without any direct physical interaction with the implanted device itself, beyond the external relay's proximity.

sequenceDiagram
    participant ClinicianTablet as Clinician's Secure Tablet
    participant SwitchboardServer as Medical Device Update Server
    participant ExternalRelay as External Patient Relay Device
    participant ImplantedDevice as Implanted Medical Device (IMD)

    ClinicianTablet->>SwitchboardServer: Select Patient IMD for Update (Message 510)
    SwitchboardServer->>ExternalRelay: Request IMD State Info (Message 520)
    ExternalRelay->>ImplantededDevice: Request IMD Status
    ImplantededDevice->>ExternalRelay: Send Battery, Physio, Therapy State
    ExternalRelay->>SwitchboardServer: Forward IMD State Info (Message 530)
    SwitchboardServer->>SwitchboardServer: Determine IMD Readiness (Patient Stability, Idle, Battery)
    alt IMD Ready
        SwitchboardServer->>ClinicianTablet: IMD Ready for Update (Message 540)
        ClinicianTablet->>ClinicianTablet: Clinician Reviews & Approves Update
        ClinicianTablet->>SwitchboardServer: Indication to Update IMD (Message 550)
        SwitchboardServer->>ExternalRelay: Begin Update Indication (Message 560)
        ExternalRelay->>ImplantededDevice: Secure Firmware Update (Inductive/RF link)
        ImplantededDevice->>ExternalRelay: Update Status
        ExternalRelay->>SwitchboardServer: Update Completion Status
        SwitchboardServer->>ClinicianTablet: Update Complete
    else IMD Not Ready
        SwitchboardServer->>ClinicianTablet: IMD Not Ready (Reason)
    end

Derivative 3.2: Autonomous Agricultural Robot Fleet Management

• Enabling Description: The system manages software updates for a fleet of autonomous agricultural robots (e.g., planting, harvesting, spraying drones/ground vehicles). The "first device" (100) is a farm manager's ruggedized tablet or control center workstation. The "second device" (120) is an individual autonomous robot. State information (messages 530) includes current task status (e.g., active spraying, charging, idle), battery/fuel levels, GPS coordinates (e.g., parked in designated safe zone), weather conditions (e.g., impending rain, high winds), and critical component health (e.g., sprayer nozzle integrity, wheel motor torque). The switchboard server (110) determines readiness (operation 640) by verifying conditions such as "robot idle and within geofenced update zone," "sufficient battery charge," and "favorable weather conditions for downtime." The farm manager initiates the update (message 550) remotely via their device (message 540 having indicated readiness), and the robot begins updating (message 560) without requiring a field technician's presence or interaction. Updates can include new navigation algorithms, crop recognition models, or implement control parameters.

flowchart TD
    A[Farm Manager Tablet] --> B{Select Robot for Update};
    B --> C[Send Update Request (Message 510)];
    C --> D[Agri-Robot Server (Switchboard Server)];
    D --> E[Request Robot State Info (Message 520)];
    E --> F[Autonomous Agri-Robot];
    F --> G{Send State Info:
    - Task Status
    - Battery/Fuel
    - GPS Location
    - Weather
    - Component Health
    (Message 530)};
    G --> D;
    D --> H{Determine Readiness based on State Info (Operation 640)};
    H -- NOT READY --> E;
    H -- READY --> I[Send "Robot Ready" (Message 540)];
    I --> A;
    A --> J{Farm Manager Initiates Update via UI};
    J --> K[Send "Update Now" Indication (Message 550)];
    K --> D;
    D --> L[Send "Begin Update" Indication (Message 560)];
    L --> F;
    F --> M[Perform Update (No Direct Interaction)];
    M --> N[Send Update Progress/Completion];
    N --> D;
    D --> O[Send Update Progress/Completion];
    O --> A;

Derivative 3.3: Smart Grid Substation Controller & Meter Updates

• Enabling Description: This system is deployed for managing software and firmware updates of smart grid components, specifically distributed substation controllers (SSCs) and advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) devices (smart meters). The "first device" (100) is a utility operator's secure workstation in a Network Operations Center (NOC). The "second device" (120) is an SSC or an AMI meter. State information (messages 530) from the devices includes current load on the substation/meter, grid stability metrics, communication link quality, and any ongoing fault isolation or restoration procedures. The switchboard server (110) acts as the central update manager, determining readiness (operation 640) based on grid-wide load balancing, stability, and scheduled maintenance windows. For instance, an SSC would be deemed "ready" only during off-peak hours with stable grid conditions and no active alerts. The utility operator, after reviewing the server's readiness indication (message 540), initiates the update (message 550). The SSC/AMI meter then begins updating (message 560) autonomously, ensuring grid integrity and safety without requiring manual intervention at the physical site.

graph TD
    A[NOC Workstation] --> B{Select Grid Device for Update};
    B --> C[Send Update Request (Message 510)];
    C --> D[Smart Grid Update Server (Switchboard Server)];
    D --> E[Request Device State Info (Message 520)];
    E --> F[Substation Controller/AMI Meter];
    F --> G{Send State Info:
    - Current Load
    - Grid Stability
    - Comm Link Quality
    - Fault Status
    (Message 530)};
    G --> D;
    D --> H{Determine Readiness (Grid Load, Stability, Maintenance Window) (Operation 640)};
    H -- NOT READY --> E;
    H -- READY --> I[Send "Device Ready" (Message 540)];
    I --> A;
    A --> J{Operator Initiates Update via UI};
    J --> K[Send "Update Now" Indication (Message 550)];
    K --> D;
    D --> L[Send "Begin Update" Indication (Message 560)];
    L --> F;
    F --> M[Perform Update (Autonomous)];
    M --> N[Send Update Status/Completion];
    N --> D;
    D --> O[Send Update Progress/Completion];
    O --> A;

---

4. Integration with Emerging Tech

Derivative 4.1: AI-Driven Predictive Update Scheduling and Anomaly Detection

• Enabling Description: The switchboard server (110) integrates an AI/Machine Learning module for advanced readiness determination (operation 640). This module continuously analyzes historical and real-time state information (messages 530), including device usage patterns, network traffic, power consumption, external environmental data (e.g., weather forecasts for solar-powered IoT devices), and anticipated user needs (e.g., calendar entries from the first device 100). The AI predicts optimal update windows that minimize disruption, maximize efficiency, and proactively identify potential update failures based on deviation from normal operating parameters. For example, if the AI detects an unusual temperature fluctuation or high network latency, it can flag the device as "unready" even if basic checks pass. The AI also generates a confidence score for each readiness determination and suggests alternative update timings to the user on the first device (100), rather than a simple ready/not-ready flag. This enhances the "defer update" capability mentioned in the patent.

stateDiagram-v2
    [*] --> Device_Selected_for_Update
    Device_Selected_for_Update --> Request_State_Info: (Message 520)
    Request_State_Info --> Awaiting_State_Info: (Message 530)
    Awaiting_State_Info --> AI_Readiness_Determination: (Operation 640)
    AI_Readiness_Determination --> Device_Not_Ready: (AI predicts issues/not optimal)
    AI_Readiness_Determination --> Device_Ready: (AI predicts optimal/safe)

    Device_Not_Ready --> Awaiting_State_Info: (Poll/re-evaluate)
    Device_Ready --> Notify_First_Device: (Message 540)
    Notify_First_Device --> Awaiting_Update_Indication: (Message 550)
    Awaiting_Update_Indication --> Update_Initiated: (Message 550 received)
    Update_Initiated --> Send_Begin_Update: (Message 560)
    Send_Begin_Update --> Updating: (IoT device updates)
    Updating --> Update_Complete
    Updating --> Update_Failed: (AI detects post-update anomaly)
    Update_Failed --> Rollback_or_Diagnostic_Mode
    Update_Complete --> [*]

Derivative 4.2: Real-time Micro-Sensor Telemetry for Granular Readiness Determination

• Enabling Description: The second device (120) (e.g., an IoT refrigerator) is equipped with an array of micro-sensors providing highly granular state information (messages 530) beyond basic operational status. This includes:
  • Internal Temperature Distribution Array: Monitoring temperature variations across different zones (e.g., freezer, crisper, door) to detect localized cooling events or defrost cycles.
  • Compressor Vibration Analysis: Accelerometers and acoustic sensors to monitor compressor health, identifying micro-vibrations indicative of active operation or imminent start/stop cycles.
  • Door Open/Close Event Log with Duration: Precise logging of door activity to identify continuous usage periods.
  • Internal Humidity & Airflow Sensors: Detecting specific states like "active ice making" or "dehumidification cycle."
    The switchboard server (110) processes this rich telemetry (operation 640) to determine readiness with higher precision. For example, a refrigerator is only deemed "ready" if the compressor has been idle for a minimum duration, no defrost cycle is active, and no door has been opened for an extended period, allowing for a truly non-disruptive update without affecting food preservation. This deep telemetry allows the server to identify minute windows of opportunity that simple "on/off" status would miss.

classDiagram
    class SwitchboardServer {
        +Processor
        +CommSubsystem
        +Memory
        +TelemetryProcessingModule
        +GranularReadinessEngine
    }
    class FirstDevice {
        +UserInterface
        +UpdateControl
    }
    class SecondDevice {
        +Processor
        +CommSubsystem
        +Memory
        +IoT_Refrigerator_Controller
        +TemperatureArraySensor
        +VibrationSensor
        +AcousticSensor
        +DoorSensor
        +HumiditySensor
        +AirflowSensor
        +StateTelemetryModule
    }
    SwitchboardServer "1" -- "1" FirstDevice : Control Flow
    SwitchboardServer "1" -- "1" SecondDevice : Telemetry & Update Commands
    SecondDevice "1" --> "N" TemperatureArraySensor : Reports Temp Data
    SecondDevice "1" --> "1" VibrationSensor : Reports Vibration
    SecondDevice "1" --> "1" AcousticSensor : Reports Acoustic Signatures
    SecondDevice "1" --> "1" DoorSensor : Reports Door State
    SecondDevice "1" --> "1" HumiditySensor : Reports Humidity
    SecondDevice "1" --> "1" AirflowSensor : Reports Airflow
    TelemetryProcessingModule <.. GranularReadinessEngine : Data Input

Derivative 4.3: Blockchain-Verified Update Authenticity and Provenance

• Enabling Description: To enhance the security and trustworthiness of updates, the switchboard server (110) integrates with a private blockchain network. When an update package is made available for the second device (120), its cryptographic hash, version metadata, and digital signature are registered as a transaction on the blockchain (e.g., using Hyperledger Fabric). Before any IoT device downloads or applies an update (after receiving message 560), it queries the blockchain (or a trusted oracle connected to the blockchain) to verify the integrity and authenticity of the update package by comparing its hash and signature against the immutable record on the ledger. Any discrepancy halts the update process. The provenance of the update (e.g., who published it, when, and any associated security audits) is also recorded on-chain, providing an auditable trail. This prevents supply chain attacks where malicious updates could be injected. The first device (100) can also query the blockchain to verify the integrity of pending updates before a user approves the initiation.

sequenceDiagram
    participant FirstDevice as First Device (User)
    participant SwitchboardServer as Switchboard Server
    participant BlockchainNetwork as Blockchain Network
    participant UpdateServer as Update Package Repository
    participant SecondDevice as Second Device (IoT)

    FirstDevice->>SwitchboardServer: Select IoT Device for Update (Message 510)
    SwitchboardServer->>SecondDevice: Request State Info (Message 520)
    SecondDevice->>SwitchboardServer: Send State Info (Message 530)
    SwitchboardServer->>SwitchboardServer: Determine Readiness
    SwitchboardServer->>FirstDevice: IoT Device Ready (Message 540)
    FirstDevice->>SwitchboardServer: Indication to Update (Message 550)
    SwitchboardServer->>UpdateServer: Request Update Package
    UpdateServer->>SwitchboardServer: Deliver Update Package
    SwitchboardServer->>BlockchainNetwork: Register Update Hash & Signature Transaction
    BlockchainNetwork->>SwitchboardServer: Transaction Confirmed
    SwitchboardServer->>SecondDevice: Begin Update (Message 560)
    SecondDevice->>BlockchainNetwork: Verify Update Hash & Signature against Ledger
    BlockchainNetwork->>SecondDevice: Verification Result
    alt Verification Success
        SecondDevice->>SecondDevice: Download & Apply Update (No Direct Interaction)
        SecondDevice->>SwitchboardServer: Update Completion Status
    else Verification Failure
        SecondDevice->>SecondDevice: Reject Update & Report Error
        SecondDevice->>SwitchboardServer: Update Failure Report
    end

---

5. The "Inverse" or Failure Mode

Derivative 5.1: Adaptive Multi-Stage Rollback with Secure Diagnostic Isolation

• Enabling Description: The second device (120) incorporates a multi-stage firmware architecture, utilizing dual-bank (A/B) flash memory with versioning and a dedicated, isolated "recovery partition." Upon receiving the "begin update" indication (message 560), the device downloads the update to the inactive firmware bank. After installation, the device reboots into a "test mode" with the new firmware. A watchdog timer (hardware-based) monitors critical system health parameters (e.g., CPU load, memory usage, network connectivity, power draw) during a predetermined probationary period. If any health check fails, or if a critical anomaly is detected by the device's self-diagnostic module, the watchdog timer triggers an immediate, atomic rollback to the previously stable firmware bank. If this initial rollback fails, or if the system cannot boot into any operational state, the device's Boot ROM automatically loads a minimal, signed "secure diagnostic firmware" from the recovery partition. This diagnostic firmware operates in a highly isolated, low-power state, capable only of reporting critical failure telemetry (e.g., cause of boot failure, hardware integrity checks) to the switchboard server (110) via an emergency communication channel (e.g., SMS over cellular, or satellite link for remote devices). This ensures a safe failure mode, prevents bricking, and allows for remote fault analysis without requiring physical access.

stateDiagram-v2
    [*] --> Idle
    Idle --> Update_Initiated: (Message 560 received)
    Update_Initiated --> Downloading_Update: (to Inactive Bank B)
    Downloading_Update --> Installing_Update
    Installing_Update --> Rebooting_into_Test_Mode
    Rebooting_into_Test_Mode --> Probationary_Period: (Watchdog Active, Health Checks)
    Probationary_Period --> Healthy_New_Firmware_Active: (Successful checks)
    Healthy_New_Firmware_Active --> Operational_Mode

    Probationary_Period --> Rollback_to_Previous: (Health Check Failed)
    Rollback_to_Previous --> Operational_Mode: (Previous firmware stable)
    Rollback_to_Previous --> Load_Secure_Diagnostic: (Previous firmware failed/unbootable)

    Load_Secure_Diagnostic --> Diagnostic_Mode: (Isolated, Low-Power)
    Diagnostic_Mode --> Report_Failure_Telemetry: (Emergency Channel)
    Report_Failure_Telemetry --> Await_Remote_Intervention

---

Combination Prior Art Scenarios

Here are three combination prior art scenarios, combining elements of US11119756 with existing open-source standards to establish broader defensive disclosure.

Scenario 1: US11119756 + MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport)

• Description: The communication between the second device (IoT device 120) and the switchboard server (110), particularly for sending state information (messages 530) and receiving update commands (message 560), is implemented using the MQTT protocol. The IoT device acts as an MQTT client, publishing its state information to specific topics (e.g., iot/device/123/status, iot/device/123/readiness) on an MQTT broker hosted or managed by the switchboard server. The server subscribes to these topics to receive real-time state information. When the server determines readiness and receives the update indication from the first device (100), it publishes an update command to a device-specific topic (e.g., iot/device/123/command/update), to which the IoT device is subscribed. The "without any direct interaction" feature of the IoT device is fully leveraged, as it simply receives the MQTT message and initiates the update. MQTT's lightweight nature and support for QoS (Quality of Service) are particularly advantageous for unreliable network connections often found in IoT deployments.

Scenario 2: US11119756 + LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network)

• Description: The entire communication infrastructure (network 130) between the second device (IoT device 120) and the switchboard server (110) is built upon the LoRaWAN open standard. LoRaWAN gateways collect state information (messages 530) from distant, low-power IoT devices and forward it to a LoRaWAN Network Server, which then routes it to the switchboard server (110). Similarly, update commands (message 560) from the switchboard server are routed via the Network Server and LoRaWAN gateways to the IoT devices as downlink messages. Given LoRaWAN's limited payload size and duty cycle constraints, the "state information" (messages 530) is optimized for brevity, comprising critical parameters (e.g., battery, last known operational state, update readiness flag). The "begin update" indication (message 560) might trigger the IoT device to initiate a larger firmware download over a more robust, but less frequent, cellular or Wi-Fi uplink, or to commence an update from an already pre-downloaded package. This combination is particularly suitable for geographically dispersed, low-power IoT devices that require infrequent but critical firmware updates.

Scenario 3: US11119756 + OpenSSL (for Secure Communications)

• Description: All communication channels between the first device (100), the switchboard server (110), and the second device (120) are secured using cryptographic protocols and libraries provided by the OpenSSL toolkit. Specifically, TLS 1.3 (Transport Layer Security) is employed for end-to-end encryption and authentication of all messages (510, 520, 530, 540, 550, 560). The switchboard server and each IoT device utilize client and server certificates generated and managed via OpenSSL, ensuring mutual authentication. Firmware update packages themselves are signed using RSA or ECC private keys (generated using OpenSSL utilities) by the manufacturer/server, and the IoT device verifies these signatures using corresponding public keys before applying any update. This directly addresses the implicit security requirements for remotely managing and updating devices, ensuring that state information is private, update commands are authentic, and firmware packages are untampered, thereby preventing unauthorized access or malicious firmware injection.