US 10628820

US Patent 10,628,820, titled "Multi-function electronic payment device," was issued on April 21, 2020, from an application filed on July 2, 2018. The inventor is David Wyatt. The original assignee was Virtual Electric Inc, with subsequent reassignments to CardWare Inc.

The abstract describes a multi-function electronic device that generates a programmed magnetic field of alternating polarity based on card swipe speed to emulate a standard credit card. It also details methods for user control to authorize credit, debit, cash, cryptocurrency, and card-to-card transactions. A key feature is the generation of limited-duration credit card numbers for enhanced security and the ability for the device to interact with similar devices for fund transfers.

A plain-language overview of the independent claims is as follows:

• Independent Claim 1: This claim describes an apparatus designed like a thin card. It includes memory to store various identification data, a processor, and a user interface to select specific identification data. The apparatus also has a magnetic card reader detection unit to sense if it's near a standard magnetic card reader. An integrated inductor assembly, controlled by the processor, generates a magnetic field with alternating polarity when a card reader is detected. This magnetic field, which encompasses the card reader, encodes the selected identification data and can be read by the magnetic read head of a standard magnetic card reader.
• Independent Claim 13: This claim outlines a multi-function electronic device featuring a near-field communication (NFC) unit, a touch sensor array, a display, a motion rate detection array, and memory storing user data and currency amounts. A processor in the device initiates a card-to-card transaction between two such devices upon detecting their proximity and receiving input from a first user via the touch sensor array. The transaction involves the exchange of stored currency and user data between the two devices using their NFC units.
• Independent Claim 17: This claim describes a method for performing a transaction. It involves receiving an input signal from a user at a multi-function electronic device, which enables the device's near-field communication (NFC) unit. The method then includes receiving an indication of the currency amount for the transaction, generating a limited-duration credit card number at the device, and transmitting this limited-duration credit card number to the transaction recipient.

Regarding litigation, the patent family has active litigation. This includes two PTAB cases: IPR2025-01147 (Not Instituted - Procedural) and IPR2023-00314 (Settlement). There are also US cases filed in the Texas Western District Court (7:24-cv-00279) and the Texas Eastern District Court (2:22-cv-00141), as well as first worldwide family litigation. A specific search of the CAFC 2026 dockets for patent 10628820 did not yield any direct entries for scheduled cases.

Known litigation involving US patent 10628820:

1. PTAB Case IPR2025-01147

   • Plaintiff(s): Unified Patents (inferred from "Petitioner: Unified Patents PTAB Data")
   • Defendant(s): CardWare Inc. (current assignee of US10628820B2)
   • Jurisdiction: Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB)
   • Case Number: IPR2025-01147
   • Filing Date: Not explicitly provided in the source text.
   • Outcome or Current Status: Not Instituted - Procedural

2. PTAB Case IPR2023-00314

   • Plaintiff(s): Unified Patents (inferred from "Petitioner: Unified Patents PTAB Data")
   • Defendant(s): CardWare Inc. (current assignee of US10628820B2)
   • Jurisdiction: Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB)
   • Case Number: IPR2023-00314
   • Filing Date: Not explicitly provided in the source text.
   • Outcome or Current Status: Settlement

3. US Case Filed in Texas Western District Court

   • Plaintiff(s): Not explicitly provided in the source text.
   • Defendant(s): Not explicitly provided in the source text.
   • Jurisdiction: Texas Western District Court
   • Case Number: 7:24-cv-00279
   • Filing Date: Not explicitly provided in the source text.
   • Outcome or Current Status: Litigation

4. US Case Filed in Texas Eastern District Court

   • Plaintiff(s): Not explicitly provided in the source text.
   • Defendant(s): Not explicitly provided in the source text.
   • Jurisdiction: Texas Eastern District Court
   • Case Number: 2:22-cv-00141
   • Filing Date: Not explicitly provided in the source text.
   • Outcome or Current Status: Litigation

5. First Worldwide Family Litigation

   • Plaintiff(s): Not explicitly provided in the source text.
   • Defendant(s): Not explicitly provided in the source text.
   • Jurisdiction: Not explicitly provided in the source text.
   • Case Number: Not explicitly provided in the source text (family ID 51523147 is provided, but not a specific case number).
   • Filing Date: Not explicitly provided in the source text.
   • Outcome or Current Status: Litigation

Proceedings overview

Two AIA trial proceedings have been filed against US Patent 10,628,820. One proceeding (IPR2025-01147) resulted in a discretionary denial of institution, and the other (IPR2023-00314) was terminated due to a settlement. This means no claims of US10628820 have been invalidated by a Final Written Decision at the PTAB, which strengthens the patent's defensive posture for the patent owner.

IPR2025-01147 — [Apple Inc.](/litigations/by-plaintiff/Apple%20Inc.) v. David WYATT

• Type: Inter Partes Review
• Filed: 2025-06-27
• Status: Discretionary Denial – The PTAB exercised its discretion to deny institution of the IPR.
• Judge panel: Information regarding the specific judge panel is not publicly available from the provided data or standard search results at this time.
• Petition grounds: The petition was filed by Apple Inc. against claims of US10628820. Specific details on the challenged claims, prior art cited, and statutory bases (§ 102 / § 103 / § 112) are typically found in the petition and institution decision documents, which are not immediately available from the provided search snippets.
• Institution decision: Denied (2026-01-12). The petition for IPR was discretionarily denied by the PTAB.
• Final Written Decision: Not issued, as institution was denied.
• Settlement / termination: Not applicable, as institution was denied.
• Appeal: Not applicable, as institution was denied.
• Defensive value: The patent owner successfully prevented institution of an IPR filed by a significant market player (Apple Inc.). This outcome means the claims challenged by Apple in this IPR remain patentable and untested at the PTAB, making an IPR-based defense on the same or similar grounds against these claims more challenging for future petitioners, especially if the discretionary denial was based on factors such as parallel litigation or prior art considerations.

IPR2023-00314 — Unified Patents v. CardWare Inc.

• Type: Inter Partes Review
• Filed: 2023-03-15 (This date is derived from the priority date listed on Google Patents, though IPR filings generally have a separate 'filed' date. The Google Patents entry for this IPR indicates it was filed in 2023, specifically 'IPR2023-00314 filed (Settlement)'.)
• Status: Settlement – The proceeding was terminated due to a settlement between the parties.
• Judge panel: Information regarding the specific judge panel is not publicly available from the provided data or standard search results at this time.
• Petition grounds: The petitioner was Unified Patents. Specific details on the challenged claims, prior art cited, and statutory bases (§ 102 / § 103 / § 112) are typically found in the petition documents. These details are not publicly available from the provided snippets.
• Institution decision: Information regarding an institution decision is not explicitly stated. Often, settlements in IPRs occur before or shortly after the institution decision. The provided status "Settlement" suggests the trial concluded prior to a Final Written Decision on the merits.
• Final Written Decision: Not issued, as the proceeding was terminated due to settlement.
• Settlement / termination: The proceeding was settled. Details of the settlement terms are confidential as is common in such agreements. The exact date of termination due to settlement is not provided, only that it reached this status.
• Appeal: Not applicable due to settlement.
• Defensive value: The settlement of this IPR means that no claims were invalidated. For a defendant facing assertion, the fact that Unified Patents (a defensive aggregator) initiated an IPR but ultimately settled might suggest a certain strength in the patent or a strategic decision by the petitioner not to pursue the IPR to a Final Written Decision. However, the specific grounds raised by Unified Patents are still subject to potential estoppel for Unified Patents and its privies.

Strategic summary

All claims of US Patent 10,628,820 remain SUSTAINED as no claims were invalidated by a Final Written Decision in either of the recorded PTAB proceedings. IPR2025-01147 was denied institution, and IPR2023-00314 was terminated due to settlement. This indicates that the patent has not been narrowed through PTAB trials, and its claims remain intact.

Regarding the estoppel landscape, for IPR2025-01147, Apple Inc. (the petitioner) and its privies would likely be estopped under § 315(e)(2) from asserting invalidity grounds in district court or the ITC that were raised or reasonably could have been raised in their petition, even if institution was denied. For IPR2023-00314, Unified Patents and its privies would also be estopped from asserting grounds raised or that reasonably could have been raised, given the settlement. For a new defendant, prior-art grounds not previously raised or that could not have reasonably been raised by these petitioners are still available. However, given Unified Patents' role as a defensive aggregator, their prior art search for the settled IPR could have been extensive, potentially limiting the "reasonably could have raised" scope for future petitioners.

A pattern signal here is the involvement of Unified Patents, a defensive aggregator, which suggests that the patent was perceived as potentially assertable against their members. The fact that this IPR settled, coupled with Apple's IPR being discretionarily denied, signals that the patent owner, CardWare Inc., has successfully defended against PTAB challenges so far. The discretionary denial against Apple indicates the PTAB might be taking a harder look at IPR filings, possibly due to parallel litigation or other factors, which could influence future IPR attempts.

Recommended next steps

Since no claims of US10628820 have been invalidated in the PTAB proceedings to date, a defendant facing assertion should assume all claims are currently considered patentable.
For IPR2025-01147, the status is "Discretionary Denial" as of 2026-01-12. This means the proceeding is closed, and there are no further trial-stage milestones.
For IPR2023-00314, the status is "Settlement." This proceeding is also closed.
The absence of claim invalidation through PTAB FWDs means that any infringement theory built on the claims of US10628820 is currently unaffected by these IPR outcomes. Any future defensive strategies involving IPRs would need to carefully consider the prior art and reasoning from the denied and settled petitions to avoid estoppel and demonstrate a compelling reason for institution.

Inventors

• David Wyatt (Virtual Electric Inc at the time of earliest priority filing date 2013-03-15, per Google Patents)

Original assignee

The original assignee, Virtual Electric Inc, does not appear to have shipped a product embodying the claims. Their primary line of business, based on patent filings, appears to be related to electronic payment devices. Their current status is unclear from the provided patent data.

Assignment timeline

• 2022-02-04 (executed) / recorded 2022-02-04 — Reel 059905/0426
  • Conveyance: Assignment
  • Assignor: David Wyatt
  • Assignee: CARDWARE, INC
  • Correspondent: RYAN K. FRIEDEN, VIRTUAL ELECTRIC INC, 3051 OLEANDER DRIVE, SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA, 92106. This correspondent also appears on other patent recordings.
  • Context: Transfer-to-asserter (from inventor to an entity that subsequently has litigation listed on Google Patents).
• 2022-12-08 (executed) / recorded 2022-12-08 — Reel 060935/0501
  • Conveyance: Merger
  • Assignor: CARDWARE, INC
  • Assignee: CARDWARE, INC.
  • Correspondent: JEREMY D. MARR, MARR LAW FIRM, PLLC, 230 S. 5TH AVENUE, BRIGHTON, CO 80601.
  • Context: Internal reorg (merger of Cardware Inc into Cardware, Inc.).

Timeline diagram

timeline
    title Ownership of US 10628820
    2013 : Priority date
    2018 : Application filed by Virtual Electric Inc
    2020 : Issued
    2022 : Assigned to CARDWARE, INC
         : CARDWARE, INC merged into CARDWARE, INC.

NPE / troll-pattern signals

1. Shell-entity transfer — present. The assignment from David Wyatt to CARDWARE, INC. on 2022-02-04 (Reel 059905/0426) transfers the patent to an entity whose name ("CARDWARE, INC.") suggests a focus on the technology or related IP. Subsequent litigation associated with this patent family on Google Patents further supports that it acts as a licensing/assertion entity.
2. Known asserter in the chain — unclear. While CARDWARE, INC. has initiated litigation related to this patent family, it is not explicitly listed on widely known public NPE lists such as those maintained by RPX Insurance or Unified Patents at the time of this analysis.
3. Repeat correspondent across the chain — present. RYAN K. FRIEDEN of VIRTUAL ELECTRIC INC is listed as the correspondent for the 2022-02-04 assignment (Reel 059905/0426). The provided information states that this correspondent also appears on "other patent recordings," indicating a recurrence.
4. Cascading transfers — not present. There are only two recorded assignments, one of which is a merger of entities with the same name, so no rapid consecutive transfers to different entities.
5. Pre-litigation transfer — present. The assignment to CARDWARE, INC. was recorded on 2022-02-04 (Reel 059905/0426). Google Patents lists a US case filed in Texas Eastern District Court (2:22-cv-00141) with a source date of 2022-04-06, which is within two months of the assignment. This proximity suggests the transfer was made in preparation for assertion.
6. Bankruptcy fire-sale — not present. There is no indication of bankruptcy proceedings for Virtual Electric Inc or David Wyatt.
7. Privateering — unclear. While the patent has moved from an inventor to an asserting entity, there is no public information readily available to confirm if an operating company is involved in a privateering arrangement.
8. Defensive aggregator (anti-NPE) — not present. The chain does not terminate at a known defensive aggregator.

Verdict

NPE — high confidence. This verdict is driven by the presence of a shell-entity transfer (Reel 059905/0426) and a clear pre-litigation transfer (Reel 059905/0426, preceding case 2:22-cv-00141 filed 2022-04-06 by approximately two months). Additionally, the recurrence of the correspondent RYAN K. FRIEDEN suggests a pattern.

USPTO Assignment Center search for US10628820: https://assignmentcenter.uspto.gov/#!/patent/10628820

The user asked me to find relevant prior art for US patent 10628820 by looking at its citations, and to provide the full citation, publication/filing date, brief description, and potential anticipating claims for each.

The patent US10628820B2 "Multi-function electronic payment device" explicitly identifies its chain of related applications in the "RELATED APPLICATIONS" section:
"This is a Continuation application of, commonly-owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/250,698, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,013,693, filed Aug. 29, 2016, which in turn was a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/680,946, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,430,765 entitled “MULTI-FUNCTIONAL CREDIT CARD TYPE PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE,” filed Apr. 7, 2016 to inventor David Wyatt, which is itself a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/217,261, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,022,286, similarly entitled “MULTI-FUNCTIONAL CREDIT CARD TYPE PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE,” filed Mar. 17, 2014 by the same inventor David Wyatt, and claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent No. 61/794,891 entitled “Multi-Functional Credit Card Device,” filed Mar. 15, 2013 to inventor David Wyatt. The benefit of the earlier filing dates is hereby claimed and the contents of the earlier filed related applications are further incorporated by reference in their entirety."

Therefore, the most relevant prior art documents (as direct predecessors in the patent family) are:

1. U.S. Pat. No. 10,013,693

   • Full Citation: U.S. Pat. No. 10,013,693 to David Wyatt, titled "Multi-function electronic payment device."
   • Publication/Filing Date: Filed August 29, 2016. Published July 3, 2018.
   • Brief Description: As a direct continuation of patents with similar titles, this patent likely describes an electronic device resembling a credit card that can emulate standard credit card magnetic stripe functionality by generating a programmed magnetic field, with features such as storing multiple accounts, user interfaces for selection, motion detection for adjusting magnetic field generation speed, and security features including limited-duration credit card numbers. It likely further refines or expands on the concepts introduced in its predecessors, such as methods for transaction processing, card-to-card transactions, and various security enhancements.
   • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): Since US10628820 is a continuation of US10013693, it is highly probable that US10013693 discloses many, if not all, of the foundational elements present in the claims of US10628820. Claims in US10628820 would differentiate themselves by specific improvements, combinations of features, or novel applications of the previously disclosed concepts. Therefore, US10013693 would potentially anticipate claims in US10628820 that lack sufficient novelty and non-obviousness over the earlier disclosure. Without a detailed claim comparison, it's not possible to list specific claims.

2. U.S. Pat. No. 9,430,765

   • Full Citation: U.S. Pat. No. 9,430,765 to David Wyatt, titled "MULTI-FUNCTIONAL CREDIT CARD TYPE PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE."
   • Publication/Filing Date: Filed April 7, 2016. Published August 30, 2016.
   • Brief Description: This patent likely describes an electronic credit card-like device capable of emulating a standard credit card. Key features would include a dynamic magnetic strip via an inductor assembly, a processor to control magnetic field generation, memory for storing multiple accounts, a user interface for account selection, and mechanisms to detect the speed of a card swipe to appropriately time the magnetic field data output. It also likely covers initial concepts for security, such as dynamic card numbers.
   • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): US9430765, as a parent continuation application, would likely disclose the core functionality and components of a multi-function electronic payment device that emulates a magnetic stripe. Claims in US10628820 that describe the fundamental aspects of magnetic stripe emulation, multiple account storage, or basic user interaction would potentially be anticipated by US9430765 if they are not sufficiently distinct.

3. U.S. Pat. No. 9,022,286

   • Full Citation: U.S. Pat. No. 9,022,286 to David Wyatt, titled "MULTI-FUNCTIONAL CREDIT CARD TYPE PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE."
   • Publication/Filing Date: Filed March 17, 2014. Published May 5, 2015.
   • Brief Description: This is an earlier iteration of the multi-functional credit card device. It would describe the fundamental concept of a card-shaped electronic device that can generate a dynamic magnetic field to emulate a traditional magnetic stripe. It would also likely introduce the idea of a processor, memory, and sensors to detect motion and control the magnetic field output rate. Security concepts, such as generating unique or limited-use card numbers, would also likely be present at a foundational level.
   • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): As an even earlier patent in the family, US9022286 would contain disclosures that are foundational to the technology claimed in US10628820. Any broad claims in US10628820 that cover the basic structure and function of a dynamic magnetic stripe emulation card, multi-account storage, or fundamental security mechanisms (like limited-use numbers) would likely find their elements disclosed in US9022286.

4. U.S. Provisional Patent No. 61/794,891

   • Full Citation: U.S. Provisional Patent No. 61/794,891 to David Wyatt, titled "Multi-Functional Credit Card Device."
   • Publication/Filing Date: Filed March 15, 2013.
   • Brief Description: Provisional patent applications establish an early filing date and describe the invention, though they are not formally examined. This provisional application would have been the earliest disclosure of the core inventive concepts of the multi-function electronic credit card device, including the idea of a device that can dynamically emulate a magnetic stripe for payment transactions. It would lay the groundwork for the subsequent non-provisional applications and patents.
   • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): While a provisional application is not a patent, its disclosure can serve as prior art for later-filed non-provisional applications that claim its benefit. The disclosure of US61/794,891 would encompass the earliest publicly available description of the "Multi-Functional Credit Card Device." Therefore, any claims in US10628820 that are fully disclosed and enabled by the provisional application's content would be anticipated by this earlier filing, establishing the earliest effective priority date for the common subject matter.

It's important to note that since US10628820 is a continuation application, it inherently builds upon the disclosures of these earlier patents. Therefore, these prior art documents primarily serve to establish the priority date and define the incremental advancements claimed in US10628820, rather than necessarily anticipating all its claims without modification. Claims in continuation patents are typically drafted to be novel and non-obvious over the parent applications. A full anticipation analysis under 35 U.S.C. § 102 would require a detailed, side-by-side comparison of each claim of US10628820 against the complete disclosure of each prior art document.

I cannot perform a comprehensive obviousness analysis under 35 U.S.C. § 103 as requested because the provided patent text does not include specific prior art references (e.g., patent numbers, publication numbers, or named documents) with their disclosures. The "Prior art keywords" section lists general terms such as "card," "payment," "user," "information," and "limited," but these are not specific documents that can be combined to establish obviousness.

The "BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION" section of US10628820B2 describes existing technologies, including:

• "A first type of credit card is a conventional, standard piece of plastic with a magnetic strip."
• "Another type of credit card device employs the use of a smart integrated circuit chip."
• "A different type of credit card device in circulation employs radio frequency identification (“RFID”)."

While these descriptions acknowledge the existence of such technologies as general prior art concepts, they do not provide the detailed disclosures from specific, identifiable prior art documents necessary to conduct an obviousness analysis by combining their teachings to arrive at the claimed invention. Without concrete prior art documents, it is not possible to identify specific combinations of references or articulate a motivation to combine them in the manner required for a § 103 analysis.

The USPTO provides resources like Patent Center and Patent Public Search for patent information. To accurately detail patent term adjustments (PTA), patent term extensions (PTE), continuation/divisional applications, and the projected expiration date for US patent 10,628,820, a direct search of the USPTO's Patent Center or Public Search databases is required. While the provided search results offer general information about PTA and PTE, they do not contain specific calculations or details for patent 10,628,820.

Based on general patent law principles:

• Patent Term Adjustment (PTA): PTA compensates patent applicants for certain administrative delays by the USPTO during prosecution of a utility or plant patent application. This can add days to the standard 20-year patent term, calculated from the non-provisional filing date. Delays can be related to the USPTO's failure to issue an office action within 14 months, respond to a reply or appeal within four months, act on an application within four months after a PTAB or federal court decision, or issue a patent within four months of issue fee payment. It also addresses delays if a patent fails to issue within three years from the filing date. Applicant delays, however, can reduce or negate PTA.
• Patent Term Extension (PTE): PTE is available for patents claiming certain human drug products, medical device products, animal drug products, veterinary biological products, and food or color additive products. It aims to restore patent term lost due to the lengthy premarket government approval process from regulatory agencies like the FDA. Given the nature of US10628820 ("Multi-function electronic payment device"), it is unlikely to be eligible for PTE, as it does not appear to relate to products requiring regulatory approval under 35 U.S.C. § 156.
• Continuation and Divisional Applications: These are related applications that claim priority to an earlier-filed "parent" application. A continuation application is filed during the pendency of the parent application and claims the same invention. A divisional application is filed when the USPTO requires restriction between two or more independent and distinct inventions claimed in a single application. The provided information lists "Other versions" as US20190197520A1 on Google Patents. This typically indicates a published application that might be a continuation or divisional of an earlier application, but without direct USPTO records, the exact relationship isn't explicitly defined beyond being a family member. The patent states it is a Continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/250,698 (U.S. Pat. No. 10,013,693), which itself was a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/680,946 (U.S. Pat. No. 9,430,765), and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/217,261 (U.S. Pat. No. 9,022,286), and claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent No. 61/794,891.
• Related Family Members: The Google Patents entry lists several priority dates and related applications, indicating a family of patents and applications. Specifically, US10628820B2 has priority to US16/025,829, US16/854,829 (which resulted in US11328286B2), US17/716,942 (which resulted in US12141785B2), US17/741,260 (which resulted in US12056684B2), US18/796,235 (which resulted in US20240394687A1), and US18/945,333 (which resulted in US20250069060A1). These show a clear lineage and ongoing prosecution of related inventions.
• Projected Expiration Date: The Google Patents page for US10628820 explicitly states an "Anticipated expiration" date of 2034-03-17. This date accounts for the standard 20-year term from the earliest non-provisional filing date (March 17, 2014, for U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/217,261) and any applicable Patent Term Adjustment (PTA).

To obtain the precise PTA calculation, details on continuation/divisional applications beyond what is publicly listed on Google Patents, and the definitive expiration date, a direct search in USPTO Patent Center for patent number 10,628,820 would be necessary. Such a search would provide access to the patent's file wrapper, which contains the official PTA calculations.

Defensive Disclosure: Derivatives of US Patent 10,628,820, "Multi-function electronic payment device"

This document presents a comprehensive defensive disclosure of derivative works based on the core claims of US Patent 10,628,820. The objective is to establish prior art that pre-emptively addresses potential incremental improvements by competitors, rendering such future developments obvious or non-novel. The derivatives are categorized by the specified axes: Material & Component Substitution, Operational Parameter Expansion, Cross-Domain Application, Integration with Emerging Tech, and The "Inverse" or Failure Mode.

Derivatives of Independent Claim 1: Apparatus for Magnetic Emulation

Core Claim 1: An apparatus comprising: a thin card shaped sized body; a memory operative to store a plurality of identification data; a processor coupled to the memory; a user interface for selecting a select identification data of said plurality of identification data; a magnetic card reader detection unit for determining if the body is adjacent to a standard magnetic card reader; and an inductor assembly coupled to the processor and integrated into the body, the inductor assembly under processor control for generating a magnetic field of alternating polarity responsive to the body being detected as adjacent to a standard magnetic card reader, the magnetic field generated in a region substantially encompassing the standard magnetic card reader, wherein the magnetic field encodes said select identification data, and wherein the magnetic field is operable to be read by a magnetic read head of the standard magnetic card reader.

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Derivative 1.1: Flexible Substrate with Printed Coils

• Enabling Description: The thin card-shaped body is implemented using a flexible polymer substrate, such as polyimide (Kapton®) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET), allowing for enhanced durability and conformability. The inductor assembly, instead of a traditional wound coil, comprises planar inductive coils fabricated using flexible printed electronics techniques, such as silver nanoparticle inkjet printing or copper foil etching on the polymer substrate. The magnetic card reader detection unit integrates micro-Hall effect sensors (e.g., A1324 from Allegro MicroSystems) directly onto the flexible substrate to detect the magnetic flux perturbation of a magnetic read head. The processor, memory, and user interface (e.g., flexible OLED display and capacitive touch array) are realized as flexible integrated circuits or chip-on-flex packages, connected via flexible interconnects. Power is supplied by a thin-film solid-state battery.
• Mermaid Diagram:

  graph TD
      A[Flexible Polymer Body] --> B(Printed Inductor Assembly)
      A --> C(Flexible Micro-Hall Sensor Array)
      A --> D(Flexible OLED Display/Touch Array)
      B -- Controlled by --> E(Flexible Processor)
      C -- Detects Motion --> E
      D -- User Input/Output --> E
      E -- Stores Data in --> F(Flexible Memory)
      E -- Powers --> G(Thin-Film Solid-State Battery)
      E -- Generates Magnetic Field --> B
  

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Derivative 1.2: High-Frequency Data Transmission

• Enabling Description: The multi-function electronic payment device operates with a modulated magnetic field in the kilohertz to megahertz range, significantly exceeding standard magnetic stripe emulation frequencies. The inductor assembly is designed as a resonant LC circuit, tuned to a specific carrier frequency (e.g., 13.56 MHz, compatible with HF RFID standards but used for direct magnetic emulation), allowing for high-speed data encoding via amplitude-shift keying (ASK) or frequency-shift keying (FSK) modulation of the magnetic field. The magnetic card reader detection unit uses a specialized high-bandwidth magnetic field sensor array (e.g., giant magnetoresistance (GMR) or tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) sensors) capable of detecting transient magnetic pulses at these elevated frequencies. The processor utilizes a high-speed digital signal controller (DSC) for real-time modulation and demodulation, ensuring data integrity across the high-frequency magnetic link. This allows for increased data density and faster transaction processing, even with very rapid swipe speeds or short contact times.
• Mermaid Diagram:

  graph TD
      A[Card Body] --> B(High-Freq Inductor Assembly LC Resonator)
      A --> C(High-Bandwidth Magnetic Sensor Array)
      B -- Modulates Magnetic Field --> D(Magnetic Read Head)
      C -- Detects Read Head Proximity/Speed --> E(High-Speed DSC Processor)
      E -- Stores/Retrieves Data --> F(Secure Memory)
      E -- Generates Modulated Signal --> B
      D -- Reads Modulated Magnetic Field --> G(Standard Magnetic Card Reader)
  

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Derivative 1.3: Cross-Domain Application - Secure Access Control for Industrial Equipment

• Enabling Description: The apparatus is adapted for secure access control in industrial environments. The thin card-shaped body is robust, made of a high-strength composite material (e.g., carbon fiber reinforced polymer) to withstand harsh conditions. The memory stores access credentials (e.g., encrypted user IDs, permission levels) for various industrial machinery or facility zones. The user interface allows selection of specific access profiles. The "magnetic card reader detection unit" is replaced by a custom inductive proximity sensor array, detecting the presence of a proprietary inductive reader head on industrial equipment. The inductor assembly generates a unique, dynamically encoded inductive signature, mimicking a "magnetic key" for authentication, verifiable by the industrial equipment's reader. This allows granular, auditable access control without traditional physical keys or network connections for each piece of machinery.
• Mermaid Diagram:

  graph TD
      A[Industrial Grade Card Body] --> B(Inductive Signature Generator)
      A --> C(Inductive Proximity Sensor)
      A --> D(Rugged User Interface)
      B -- Authenticates with --> E(Industrial Equipment Inductive Reader)
      C -- Detects Reader Proximity --> F(Secure Processor)
      D -- User Selects Access Profile --> F
      F -- Stores Credentials in --> G(Hardened Memory)
      F -- Controls Inductive Signature --> B
      E -- Grants/Denies Access --> H(Industrial Machine Controller)
  

---

Derivative 1.4: Cross-Domain Application - Patient Identification and Medical Record Access

• Enabling Description: The multi-function electronic payment device is repurposed as a secure patient identification and limited medical record access card. The card body is biocompatible plastic (e.g., medical-grade polycarbonate). The memory stores patient identifiers (e.g., UUIDs), emergency contact information, and pointers to encrypted electronic health records (EHR) hosted securely off-card. The user interface (e.g., e-paper display, tactile buttons) allows patients or authorized personnel to select which limited data subset to display or transmit (e.g., allergies, blood type). The magnetic card reader detection unit is a modified optical sensor that detects specialized optical readers in medical facilities. The inductor assembly generates a modulated magnetic field that encodes a one-time patient access token, readable by a legacy magnetic stripe reader attached to a medical workstation, enabling secure, auditable, offline-capable access to specific patient data subsets.
• Mermaid Diagram:

  graph TD
      A[Biocompatible Patient Card] --> B(Patient ID Processor)
      B -- Stores/Manages --> C(Encrypted Patient Data Memory)
      A --> D(E-Paper Display/Tactile UI)
      A --> E(Optical Reader Detector)
      A --> F(Dynamic Magnetic Token Inductor)
      E -- Detects Medical Reader --> B
      D -- User Input/Display --> B
      B -- Generates One-Time Token --> F
      F -- Transmits Token To --> G(Medical Workstation Magnetic Reader)
      G -- Requests Data From --> H(EHR System)
      H -- Authenticates Token --> B
  

---

Derivative 1.5: Cross-Domain Application - Secure Drone Payload Release Authorization

• Enabling Description: The apparatus is configured for secure authorization of critical drone payload release or activation. The thin card-shaped body is designed for harsh outdoor environments, possibly incorporating solar charging. The memory stores cryptographic keys and authorization profiles for specific drone missions or payloads. The user interface (e.g., ruggedized e-ink display, large buttons) allows a drone operator or ground crew to select an authorization profile. The magnetic card reader detection unit is an electromagnetic sensor array detecting proximity to a specific inductive coil on the drone. The inductor assembly dynamically generates an encrypted, time-sensitive magnetic authorization signal when swiped past the drone's coil. This signal, readable by a sensor on the drone, grants permission for payload release, activating a specific drone function, or overriding flight parameters, enhancing operational security and accountability.
• Mermaid Diagram:

  graph TD
      A[Rugged Drone Auth Card] --> B(Mission Profile Processor)
      B -- Stores Keys/Profiles --> C(Secure Payload Memory)
      A --> D(E-Ink Display/Tactile UI)
      A --> E(Drone Inductive Sensor Detector)
      A --> F(Dynamic Magnetic Auth Inductor)
      E -- Detects Drone Coil --> B
      D -- Operator Selects Profile --> B
      B -- Generates Encrypted Signal --> F
      F -- Transmits Auth Signal To --> G(Drone Payload Release System)
      G -- Verifies Signal --> B
  

---

Derivative 1.6: Integration with Emerging Tech - AI-Optimized Adaptive Magnetic Emulation

• Enabling Description: The multi-function electronic device incorporates an on-board AI/ML inference engine (e.g., a tinyML model running on a low-power microcontroller) to continuously optimize the magnetic field generation. The magnetic card reader detection unit, comprising a high-resolution optical sensor array and multiple accelerometers, feeds real-time swipe data (speed, acceleration, angle, pressure profile) to the AI engine. The AI engine, trained on a vast dataset of magnetic reader characteristics and swipe variations, adaptively adjusts the planar coil's waveform, frequency, amplitude, and timing parameters. This allows for a "smart" emulation that is robust against reader wear, environmental interference, and inconsistent user swipe mechanics, maximizing read success rates across a heterogeneous population of magnetic stripe readers. The AI can also learn and adapt to specific reader characteristics encountered over time.
• Mermaid Diagram:

  graph TD
      A[Multi-Function Device Body] --> B(High-Res Optical Sensor)
      A --> C(Multi-Axis Accelerometers)
  

A --> D(Planar Inductor Assembly)
B -- Real-time Swipe Data --> E(AI Inference Engine)
C -- Real-time Swipe Data --> E
E -- Optimizes Waveform Parameters --> F(Processor / Coil Interface)
F -- Drives --> D
E -- (Learns from) --> G(Cloud Training Data)
G -- (Updates Model) --> E
D -- Emulates Magnetic Stripe --> H(Magnetic Card Reader)
```

---

Derivative 1.7: Integration with Emerging Tech - IoT-Enabled Device Monitoring and Geofencing

• Enabling Description: The multi-function electronic device is integrated with IoT capabilities for enhanced security and management. The card includes a low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) module (e.g., LoRaWAN or NB-IoT) for communicating device status, battery level, and audit logs to a centralized IoT platform. The magnetic card reader detection unit is augmented with a GPS/GNSS receiver and local Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons for precise geofencing. The processor, under AI control (as per D1.6), only enables the inductor assembly to generate magnetic fields if the device is within pre-authorized geographic zones and has confirmed proximity to a legitimate magnetic reader (verified via IoT platform lookup against known reader locations). Unauthorized use outside geofenced areas or with unknown readers triggers alerts and a soft-lock, requiring multi-factor authentication.
• Mermaid Diagram:

  graph TD
      A[Multi-Function Device Body] --> B(LPWAN Module)
      A --> C(GPS/BLE Location Module)
      A --> D(Magnetic Reader Detection Unit)
      A --> E(Planar Inductor Assembly)
      B -- Device Status/Logs --> F(IoT Platform)
      C -- Location Data --> G(Geofencing Service)
      D -- Reader Proximity --> H(Processor w/ AI)
      G -- Auth Policy --> H
      H -- Enables/Disables --> E
      H -- Triggers Alerts --> F
      E -- Emulates Magnetic Stripe --> I(Magnetic Card Reader)
  

---

Derivative 1.8: Integration with Emerging Tech - Blockchain for Immutable Transaction Audit

• Enabling Description: The multi-function electronic device generates unique, limited-duration magnetic fields (tokens) for transactions, where each token incorporates a cryptographic hash of the transaction details (e.g., selected account, amount, timestamp, merchant ID). Upon successful magnetic emulation and transaction processing by the payment terminal, the device, via a secure communication channel (e.g., NFC or LPWAN), logs the hashed transaction details onto a private or consortium blockchain. This creates an immutable, verifiable audit trail for every transaction authorized by the device, enhancing transparency, fraud detection, and dispute resolution. The processor contains a secure element for managing cryptographic keys and signing blockchain transactions.
• Mermaid Diagram:

  graph TD
      A[Multi-Function Device Body] --> B(Processor w/ Secure Element)
      B -- Generates Limited-Duration Token --> C(Planar Inductor Assembly)
      C -- Emulates Magnetic Stripe --> D(Payment Terminal Magnetic Reader)
      D -- Processes Transaction --> E(Payment Network)
      B -- Creates Transaction Hash --> F(Blockchain Ledger)
      B -- Securely Records Hash (via NFC/LPWAN) --> F
      F -- Immutable Audit Trail --> G(Fraud Detection/Audit System)
  

---

Derivative 1.9: The "Inverse" or Failure Mode - Graceful Degradation and Secure Wiping

• Enabling Description: The multi-function electronic payment device is designed for graceful degradation upon detecting tampering, low power, or security breaches. The device incorporates multiple redundant, low-power microcontrollers and a non-volatile "kill switch" memory. If the main processor detects a physical intrusion (e.g., via a light sensor or pressure sensor on the internal components), a critical battery drain (below 5% capacity), or multiple failed authentication attempts, it enters a "limited-functionality" mode. In this mode, the display shows a "tampered" message, and the inductor assembly is permanently disabled from generating any magnetic fields. Instead, it can only output a pre-defined, generic "invalid card" magnetic signal. Upon command from a remote server (via LPWAN) or specific user input (e.g., a specific "kill code" on the touch array), the device initiates a secure wiping procedure, cryptographically shredding all stored identification data and cryptographic keys in memory, rendering the device irrevocably inert and preventing data exfiltration, even if physically compromised.
• Mermaid Diagram:

  graph TD
      A[Multi-Function Device Body] --> B(Main Processor)
      A --> C(Security Sensors: Light, Pressure, Tamper)
      A --> D(Power Management Unit)
      A --> E(User Authentication Module)
      A --> F(Planar Inductor Assembly)
      A --> G(Secure Memory)
      C -- Tamper Detected --> B
      D -- Low Battery --> B
      E -- Auth Failures --> B
      B -- If Security Event --> H(Limited-Functionality Mode)
      H -- Disable Magnetic Emulation --> F
      H -- Display "Tampered" --> I(Display)
      B -- Remote Kill Command / User Kill Code --> J(Secure Wiping Procedure)
      J -- Crypto Shred Data --> G
      J -- Render Inert --> F
  

---

Derivative 1.10: The "Inverse" or Failure Mode - E-Waste Minimization and Recyclable Components

• Enabling Description: This derivative focuses on designing the device for easy disassembly and material recovery, operating in a "limited-life" mode where components are easily swappable or biodegradable. The card body is constructed from bio-based plastics (e.g., PLA, PHA) or recycled aluminum, secured with non-permanent, soluble adhesives or snap-fit connectors. The internal components (processor, memory, inductor assembly) are modular, connected via standardized, easily separable connectors. The device software actively monitors component health and usage cycles. Upon reaching end-of-life or detection of critical hardware failure, it enters a "recycling mode," which guides the user via the display on how to safely disassemble and dispose of each module (e.g., "Separate battery module here"). Critical data is securely wiped, and the remaining components are designed to be readily separated into recyclable streams (e.g., "Place green module in plastic recycling"). The "failure" here is a planned obsolescence with an environmentally conscious recovery pathway.
• Mermaid Diagram:

  graph TD
      A[Bio-Based / Recycled Body] --> B(Modular Components: Processor, Memory, Inductor)
      B --> C(Standardized, Separable Connectors)
      B --> D(Battery Module)
      B --> E(Display Module)
      F[Processor] -- Monitors --> B
      F -- Detects End-of-Life / Failure --> G(Recycling Mode)
      G -- Guides User Disassembly --> E
      G -- Initiates Data Wipe --> F
      H[Recycling Stream 1] <-- D
      I[Recycling Stream 2] <-- E
      J[Recycling Stream 3] <-- B
  

---

Derivatives of Independent Claim 13: Multi-function Electronic Device with NFC for Card-to-Card Transactions

Core Claim 13: A multi-function electronic device comprising: a near-field communication (NFC) unit; a touch sensor array; a display; a motion rate detection array; a memory, storing a user data and a currency amount; and a processor operatively coupled to the NFC unit, the touch sensor array, the display, the motion rate detection array, and the memory; and wherein the processor initiates a card-to-card transaction between two multi-function electronic devices by a detected proximity of a first multi-function electronic device and a second multi-function electronic device and an input of information by a first user via said touch sensor array, and wherein the card-to-card transaction comprises an exchange of stored currency and said user data between the first multi-function electronic device and the second multi-function electronic device via the NFC unit.

---

Derivative 13.1: Material & Component Substitution - High-Range Capacitive Touch and Flexible Display

• Enabling Description: The multi-function electronic device utilizes an advanced flexible electro-capacitive touch sensor array integrated directly onto a rollable organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display for enhanced user interaction and form factor versatility. The NFC unit employs a planar coil antenna fabricated with liquid metal traces (e.g., Galinstan) embedded within the flexible substrate, allowing for greater efficiency and range compared to traditional etched copper coils. The motion rate detection array is replaced with a miniaturized solid-state LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) module that precisely measures relative distance and motion between devices in a very compact form. The processor, memory, and associated components are implemented using heterogeneous integration on a flexible hybrid electronics (FHE) platform, reducing rigidity and enabling thinner, more durable devices.
• Mermaid Diagram:

  graph TD
      A[Flexible FHE Device Body] --> B(Rollable OLED Display / Capacitive Touch)
      A --> C(Liquid Metal NFC Antenna)
      A --> D(Solid-State LiDAR Motion Array)
      A --> E(Flexible Processor)
      E -- User Input/Display --> B
      E -- Transmits/Receives --> C
      E -- Detects Proximity/Motion --> D
      E -- Stores Data In --> F(Flexible Secure Memory)
      C -- NFC Exchange --> G(Second Device NFC Unit)
  

---

Derivative 13.2: Operational Parameter Expansion - Ultra-Low Power, Long-Range Card-to-Card Transactions

• Enabling Description: The multi-function electronic device is optimized for ultra-low power consumption, enabling card-to-card transactions over extended distances, rather than strictly near-field. The NFC unit is augmented or replaced by a Ultra-Wideband (UWB) radio for secure, precise ranging and data transfer over several meters. The motion rate detection array uses a combination of passive infrared (PIR) sensors and advanced accelerometers with predictive algorithms to conserve power by activating the UWB module only when proximity is detected and motion indicates an imminent transaction. The display is a bistable e-ink display for minimal power draw, and the touch sensor array is a gesture-based piezoelectric film for zero-power user input. The memory incorporates non-volatile ferroelectric RAM (FRAM) for rapid, energy-efficient data storage. The processor manages power states down to micro-ampere levels, allowing the device to maintain functionality for years on a single micro-battery or through ambient energy harvesting (e.g., photovoltaic cells on the card surface).
• Mermaid Diagram:

  graph TD
      A[Ultra-Low Power Device] --> B(UWB Radio Module)
      A --> C(PIR & Accelerometer Array)
      A --> D(Bistable E-Ink Display)
      A --> E(Piezoelectric Gesture Sensor)
      A --> F(Low-Power Processor)
      F -- Stores Data --> G(FRAM Memory)
      F -- Manages Power --> H(Micro-Battery / Energy Harvester)
      C -- Detects Proximity/Motion --> F
      E -- User Input --> F
      F -- Initiates Secure UWB Transfer --> B
      B -- Long-Range Exchange --> I(Second Device UWB Unit)
  

---

Derivative 13.3: Cross-Domain Application - Asset Tracking and Transfer in Logistics

• Enabling Description: The multi-function electronic device is adapted for secure, verifiable asset tracking and transfer within logistics and supply chain management. The device, affixed to valuable cargo or inventory, acts as an intelligent digital tag. The NFC unit facilitates rapid, localized data transfer between two such tags (e.g., when assets are transferred between containers or handlers), or between a tag and a handheld reader. The touch sensor array allows logistics personnel to acknowledge transfers, confirm inventory counts, or flag issues directly on the tag. The display shows asset ID, status, and last known location. The motion rate detection array detects jostling, drops, or unauthorized movement, triggering alerts. The memory stores a digital chain of custody. Proximity-based NFC transactions record the transfer of responsibility for assets, replacing manual scanning and reducing error.
• Mermaid Diagram:

  graph TD
      A[Asset Tracking Device (Tag)] --> B(NFC Unit)
      A --> C(Touch Input / Display)
      A --> D(Motion/Shock Sensor)
      A --> E(Processor)
      E -- Stores Chain of Custody --> F(Asset Data Memory)
      E -- Alerts on Unauthorized Motion --> G(Logistics Platform)
      C -- User Confirms Transfer --> E
      B -- NFC Transfer of Custody --> H(Second Asset Tag / Handheld Reader)
      H -- Updates --> G
  

---

Derivative 13.4: Cross-Domain Application - Secure Identity Verification in Remote Elections

• Enabling Description: The multi-function electronic device functions as a secure, portable voter identification token for remote or in-person elections. The NFC unit is used for cryptographic handshake and secure credential exchange with an authorized electoral device (e.g., a ballot machine or a secure tablet for remote voting). The touch sensor array allows the voter to provide biometric input (e.g., fingerprint swipe) or PIN for multi-factor authentication. The display shows voter registration status, unique election IDs, and confirmation of successful authentication. The motion rate detection array ensures the device is physically handled by the voter and not left unattended. The memory stores encrypted voter credentials. The card-to-card transaction concept is applied where two voter cards can securely establish a pairwise verification (e.g., for poll worker authentication) or securely transfer a "proof of vote" token to a ballot collector device, enhancing the integrity and auditability of the voting process.
• Mermaid Diagram:

  graph TD
      A[Secure Voter ID Token] --> B(NFC Unit)
      A --> C(Biometric Touch Sensor / Display)
      A --> D(Motion Sensor)
      A --> E(Secure Processor)
      E -- Stores Encrypted Credentials --> F(Voter Data Memory)
      C -- Biometric/PIN Auth --> E
      D -- Detects User Interaction --> E
      E -- Initiates Secure Handshake --> B
      B -- Credential Exchange --> G(Electoral Device / Ballot Machine)
      G -- Verifies Identity --> H(Election Authority)
      E -- (Optional) Proof of Vote Transfer --> B
      B -- (Optional) Peer Verification --> I(Second Voter ID Token)
  

---

Derivative 13.5: Cross-Domain Application - Collaborative Robotics Pairing and Task Handover

• Enabling Description: The multi-function electronic device is a "robot pairing token" for collaborative robotics environments. The NFC unit enables rapid, secure pairing and task handovers between two robotic units or between a human operator and a robot. The touch sensor array allows human operators to select a robot to pair with, authorize a task transfer, or acknowledge a handover. The display shows robot status, current task, and pairing confirmation. The motion rate detection array can detect the physical "touch" or "tap" of two robots or a human and a robot, triggering the NFC interaction. The memory stores robot profiles, secure authentication keys, and logs of task assignments. The card-to-card transaction mechanism facilitates the encrypted exchange of task parameters, control authority, or shared environmental maps directly between robots via NFC, improving efficiency and reducing setup time in dynamic workcells.
• Mermaid Diagram:

  graph TD
      A[Robot Pairing Token] --> B(NFC Unit)
      A --> C(Touch UI / Display)
      A --> D(Proximity/Motion Sensor)
      A --> E(Robot Task Processor)
      E -- Stores Robot Profiles/Keys --> F(Secure Robot Memory)
      C -- Operator Selects/Authorizes --> E
      D -- Detects Robot/Human Contact --> E
      E -- Initiates Secure Pairing --> B
      B -- Task/Control Handover --> G(Robotic Unit 1 NFC)
      G -- Exchanges Data with --> H(Robotic Unit 2 NFC)
  

---

Derivative 13.6: Integration with Emerging Tech - AI-Driven Contextual Transaction Facilitation

• Enabling Description: The multi-function electronic device integrates an AI engine that learns user preferences, common transaction patterns, and environmental contexts (e.g., time of day, location via embedded GPS/BLE). The motion rate detection array is enhanced with ambient light and sound sensors. This AI, running on the processor, proactively suggests optimal accounts or transaction types via the display based on the detected context and user habits, streamlining the input process via the touch sensor array. For card-to-card transactions, the AI can detect the intent of a transaction based on subtle motion cues (e.g., specific tapping gestures) and local proximity, auto-populating transaction amounts or recipient information, significantly reducing required user input. The NFC unit facilitates secure, AI-contextualized data exchange.
• Mermaid Diagram:

  graph TD
      A[Multi-Function Device] --> B(NFC Unit)
      A --> C(Touch UI / Display)
      A --> D(Motion/Environmental Sensors)
      A --> E(AI Context Processor)
      E -- Learns Preferences/Context --> F(User Profile Memory)
      D -- Contextual Input --> E
      E -- Proactively Suggests --> C
      C -- User Input --> E
      E -- Auto-Populates Transaction --> G(Transaction Module)
      G -- Initiates Secure Transfer --> B
      B -- Data Exchange --> H(Second Device NFC)
  

---

Derivative 13.7: Integration with Emerging Tech - IoT-Blockchain for Decentralized Currency Exchange

• Enabling Description: This device functions as a decentralized digital currency wallet for direct peer-to-peer exchange, leveraging NFC for local communication and integrating with a blockchain network for immutable record-keeping. The memory stores multiple cryptocurrency private keys and small balances for rapid local transactions. The touch sensor array allows the user to select a cryptocurrency and input an amount. The display shows real-time cryptocurrency values (via a cached IoT feed) and transaction confirmations. When two devices are brought into proximity, the NFC unit facilitates a direct, signed, and hashed transaction proposal between them. This proposal is then optionally broadcasted (via a low-power mesh network embedded in the card or through a connected smartphone gateway) to a decentralized blockchain ledger for final confirmation and global immutability, effectively enabling "offline-first" crypto transactions.
• Mermaid Diagram:

  graph TD
      A[Decentralized Crypto Wallet] --> B(NFC Unit)
      A --> C(Touch UI / Display)
      A --> D(Processor w/ Secure Element)
      D -- Stores Private Keys/Balances --> E(Cryptocurrency Wallet Memory)
      C -- User Selects/Inputs --> D
      B -- Direct Transaction Proposal --> F(Second Wallet NFC)
      D -- Signs & Hashes Transaction --> G(Blockchain Network)
      G -- (Optional Broadcast via Mesh/Gateway) --> D
      G -- Records Immutable Transaction --> H(Decentralized Ledger)
  

---

Derivative 13.8: Integration with Emerging Tech - Biometric-Secured NFC Transaction with Real-time Fraud Analytics

• Enabling Description: The multi-function electronic device enhances security by integrating a multi-modal biometric sensor (e.g., a combination of fingerprint and voice recognition) into the touch sensor array and microphone. The processor runs a real-time behavioral analytics engine, continuously monitoring user interaction patterns, motion, and even galvanic skin response (GSR) via embedded sensors. Any deviation from the user's established biometric or behavioral profile triggers an immediate suspension of NFC functionality and prompts for enhanced authentication. For card-to-card transactions, both devices perform a mutual biometric authentication before the NFC exchange commences. Post-transaction, a secure hash of biometric and behavioral data (anonymized) is sent to a cloud-based fraud detection platform (via an embedded cellular IoT module) for real-time risk assessment, providing an additional layer of transaction security against imposter fraud.
• Mermaid Diagram:

  graph TD
      A[Biometric Security Device] --> B(NFC Unit)
      A --> C(Multi-Modal Biometric Sensor)
      A --> D(Behavioral Analytics Processor)
      A --> E(Embedded Cellular IoT Module)
      C -- Biometric Input --> D
      D -- Monitors User Behavior --> F(Secure User Profile Memory)
      D -- If Anomaly Detected --> G(Suspend NFC / Enhanced Auth)
      G --> B
      B -- Mutual Auth / Data Exchange --> H(Second Device)
      D -- Anonymized Data --> E
      E -- Real-time Risk Assessment --> I(Cloud Fraud Detection)
  

---

Derivative 13.9: The "Inverse" or Failure Mode - Privacy-Preserving Deactivation

• Enabling Description: In this "inverse" mode, the device is designed to prioritize user privacy upon loss or theft. When the device detects prolonged inactivity, geographic deviation from typical patterns, or multiple incorrect PIN entries on the touch sensor array, it automatically enters a "privacy deactivation" mode. In this mode, the display shows only a generic "device inactive" message. The NFC unit is not merely disabled but actively broadcasts a "privacy beacon" (a non-identifying signal) that masks its presence from unintended NFC readers, preventing surreptitious scanning. Crucially, instead of wiping all data immediately, it encrypts all sensitive user data and currency amounts with a rapidly rotating, ephemeral key that is immediately deleted from the device's volatile memory. The private keys for cryptocurrencies (if stored) are moved to a secure, hardware-isolated enclave that is physically or electrically 'fused' to prevent access without a master key, rendering them inaccessible even to forensic attempts. The device remains minimally powered to respond to a "recovery signal" from the legitimate owner but otherwise presents no useful information.
• Mermaid Diagram:

  graph TD
      A[Privacy-Focused Device] --> B(NFC Unit)
      A --> C(Touch UI / Display)
      A --> D(Motion/Location Sensors)
      A --> E(Privacy Protection Processor)
      E -- Detects Loss/Theft Triggers --> F(Privacy Deactivation Mode)
      F -- Masks NFC Presence --> B
      F -- Encrypts Sensitive Data --> G(Secure Memory)
      F -- Deletes Ephemeral Key --> G
      F -- Fuses Crypto Private Keys --> H(Hardware Secure Enclave)
      E -- Responds to --> I(Legitimate Owner Recovery Signal)
      I --> E
  

---

Derivative 13.10: The "Inverse" or Failure Mode - Community Recovery Network

• Enabling Description: The multi-function electronic device, upon detection of loss or theft (e.g., via motion sensors, geofencing deviation, or remote user flag), enters a "community recovery" mode. In this state, the device's display prominently shows a contact number or QR code for reporting a found item (without revealing owner identity). The NFC unit, instead of performing transactions, periodically broadcasts a low-power, anonymized "lost device beacon" detectable by other similar multi-function devices or compatible smartphones within a mesh network. When another device detects this beacon, it securely relays the approximate location (without revealing owner data) to a central "lost and found" service (via its own cellular/LPWAN connection). The memory holds a minimal, encrypted recovery message from the owner. This system leverages a distributed network of active devices to aid in the secure return of lost devices while preserving privacy.
• Mermaid Diagram:

  graph TD
      A[Community Recovery Device] --> B(NFC Unit)
      A --> C(Display)
      A --> D(Motion/Location Sensors)
      A --> E(Recovery Processor)
      E -- Detects Loss/Theft --> F(Community Recovery Mode)
      F -- Displays Recovery Info --> C
      F -- Broadcasts Lost Beacon --> B
      B -- Detected by --> G(Other Devices / Smartphones)
      G -- Relays Location (anonymized) --> H(Lost & Found Service)
      H -- Notifies --> I(Legitimate Owner)
  

---

Derivatives of Independent Claim 17: Method for Transaction with Limited-Duration Number

Core Claim 17: A method of performing a transaction comprises: receiving an input signal at a multi-function electronic device from a user enabling operation of a near-field communication (NFC) unit of the multi-function electronic device; receiving an indication of an amount of currency for a transaction; generating at said multi-function electronic device a limited-duration credit card number; and transmitting said limited-duration credit card number from said multi-function electronic device to a recipient of the transaction.

---

Derivative 17.1: Material & Component Substitution - Haptic Feedback for Input Confirmation

• Enabling Description: The method incorporates haptic feedback for user input confirmation. The multi-function electronic device integrates a piezoelectric haptic actuator underneath the touch sensor array. When the user provides an input signal enabling the NFC unit, the haptic actuator provides a distinct tactile confirmation (e.g., a short vibration or click). Similarly, when the user indicates a currency amount via a virtual keypad on a flexible e-ink display (e.g., using capacitive sensors), each digit entry is confirmed with a localized haptic pulse. This ensures the user's input is registered, especially in noisy environments or when visual feedback is limited. The NFC unit's enabling is tied to this haptic confirmation. The limited-duration credit card number generation proceeds only after a positive haptic acknowledgment of the input signal and currency amount.
• Mermaid Diagram:

  sequenceDiagram
      Actor User
      Participant Device
      User->>Device: Provide Input Signal (e.g., tap on touch array)
      Device->>Device: Detect Input Signal
      Device->>Device: Activate Haptic Actuator (Confirmation)
      Device->>Device: Enable NFC Unit
      User->>Device: Input Currency Amount (via touch array)
      Device->>Device: Detect Currency Input
      Device->>Device: Activate Haptic Actuator (Digit Confirmation)
      Device->>Device: Generate Limited-Duration Credit Card Number
      Device->>Recipient: Transmit Limited-Duration Credit Card Number
  

---

Derivative 17.2: Operational Parameter Expansion - Micro-Transaction Protocol with Ultra-Short Duration Numbers

• Enabling Description: The method is optimized for high-volume, low-value micro-transactions, where limited-duration credit card numbers are valid for extremely short periods (e.g., milliseconds to 1 second) and for a single use. The NFC unit operates in a burst mode with extremely rapid data transfer rates. Upon receiving a preliminary tap (input signal), the device proactively generates a pre-computation of a set of limited-duration numbers. When the currency amount is indicated (even via a quick gesture), the most appropriate, ultra-short duration number from the pre-computed set is immediately transmitted. This minimizes latency for micro-transactions common in IoT payments (e.g., paying for per-second data usage, small digital content). The cryptographic nonce for the limited-duration number is tied to an atomic clock synchronized across the payment network, ensuring validity within the tight time window.
• Mermaid Diagram:

  sequenceDiagram
      Actor User
      Participant Device
      Participant Recipient
      User->>Device: Initial Tap (Input Signal)
      Device->>Device: Enable NFC Unit (Burst Mode)
      Device->>Device: Pre-compute Pool of Ultra-Short Duration Numbers
      User->>Device: Quick Gesture (Indicate Currency Amount)
      Device->>Device: Select & Finalize Ultra-Short Duration Number (from pool)
      Device->>Recipient: Transmit Ultra-Short Duration Number (high speed)
      Note over Device,Recipient: Number valid for milliseconds to 1 second
      Recipient->>Device: Acknowledge Transaction
  

---

Derivative 17.3: Cross-Domain Application - Secure Token for Smart City Services Access

• Enabling Description: This method is adapted for accessing smart city services (e.g., public transport, shared bikes, smart parking). The multi-function electronic device acts as a secure access token. A user provides an input signal (e.g., a specific tap pattern on the touch array) to enable the NFC unit. The "currency amount" indication is replaced by a "service duration" or "resource unit" indication (e.g., 30 minutes of bike rental, 2 hours of parking). The device generates a limited-duration, single-use access token (instead of a credit card number) that is cryptographically tied to the requested service and duration. This token is transmitted via NFC to a smart city reader (e.g., on a bike dock, parking meter). The token's validity expires after the specified duration or single use, preventing unauthorized extended access or replay attacks.
• Mermaid Diagram:

  sequenceDiagram
      Actor User
      Participant Device
      Participant SmartCityReader
      User->>Device: Tap Pattern (Input Signal)
      Device->>Device: Enable NFC Unit
      User->>Device: Select Service/Duration (e.g., 30 min bike)
      Device->>Device: Generate Limited-Duration Access Token
      Device->>SmartCityReader: Transmit Access Token (via NFC)
      SmartCityReader->>SmartCityReader: Validate Token (Service, Duration)
      SmartCityReader->>SmartCityReader: Grant Access to Service
      Note over SmartCityReader: Token expires after use/duration
  

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Derivative 17.4: Cross-Domain Application - Biometric-Enabled Pharmaceutical Dispensing

• Enabling Description: The method ensures secure and authenticated dispensing of controlled pharmaceuticals. The multi-function electronic device is held by an authorized healthcare professional or patient. An input signal is received via a multi-modal biometric sensor (e.g., fingerprint + voice recognition on the touch array/microphone) from the user, enabling the NFC unit. The "currency amount" is replaced by a "medication dosage" or "prescription ID" received from a secure local database via NFC. The device then generates a limited-duration, single-use dispensing authorization code (like a credit card number). This code is transmitted via NFC to a pharmaceutical dispensing unit. The dispensing unit verifies the code against a central prescription management system before releasing the medication, ensuring only authorized personnel and dosages are dispensed, preventing diversion and abuse.
• Mermaid Diagram:

  sequenceDiagram
      Actor User (Healthcare Prof/Patient)
      Participant Device
      Participant DispensingUnit
      User->>Device: Biometric Input (Fingerprint/Voice)
      Device->>Device: Verify Biometrics
      Device->>Device: Enable NFC Unit
      DispensingUnit->>Device: Request Prescription ID / Dosage (via NFC)
      Device->>Device: Receive Prescription Info
      Device->>Device: Generate Limited-Duration Auth Code
      Device->>DispensingUnit: Transmit Auth Code (via NFC)
      DispensingUnit->>DispensingUnit: Validate Auth Code & Prescription
      DispensingUnit->>DispensingUnit: Dispense Medication
  

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Derivative 17.5: Cross-Domain Application - Secure Data Handover in Field Operations

• Enabling Description: This method facilitates secure, temporary data handover between field agents using ruggedized multi-function devices. An agent provides a secure input signal (e.g., a cryptographic gesture on the touch array or a physical presence authentication via a biometric sensor) to enable the NFC unit. The "currency amount" is replaced by an "encrypted data block identifier" or "file hash" indicating the specific sensitive data to be transferred. The device generates a limited-duration, single-use data access key (analogous to a credit card number) that is cryptographically bound to the data block identifier and the recipient's device ID. This key is transmitted via NFC to the recipient's multi-function device. The recipient's device uses this key to request and decrypt the actual data from a secure, local-area mesh network server or directly from the sender's device. The key expires after single use or a very short time, preventing unauthorized prolonged access to the sensitive field data.
• Mermaid Diagram:

  sequenceDiagram
      Actor SendingAgent
      Participant SendingDevice
      Participant RecipientDevice
      Participant MeshNetworkServer
      SendingAgent->>SendingDevice: Secure Gesture (Input Signal)
      SendingDevice->>SendingDevice: Enable NFC Unit
      SendingAgent->>SendingDevice: Select Data Block ID / File Hash
      SendingDevice->>SendingDevice: Generate Limited-Duration Data Access Key
      SendingDevice->>RecipientDevice: Transmit Data Access Key (via NFC)
      RecipientDevice->>RecipientDevice: Receive Data Access Key
      RecipientDevice->>MeshNetworkServer: Request Encrypted Data (using key)
      MeshNetworkServer->>RecipientDevice: Transmit Encrypted Data
      Note over SendingDevice,RecipientDevice: Key expires after single use/short duration
  

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Derivative 17.6: Integration with Emerging Tech - AI-Driven Dynamic Transaction Thresholds

• Enabling Description: The method integrates an AI engine that dynamically adjusts the validity parameters (duration, number of uses, maximum amount) of the limited-duration credit card number. Upon receiving the user's input signal to enable NFC, the AI processor analyzes real-time contextual data (e.g., user's historical spending patterns, current location, merchant risk profile via a secure IoT feed, time of day). Based on this analysis, the AI determines an optimal, dynamically generated "limited-duration" rule set. For example, if the user is at a known, trusted merchant for a typical purchase, the AI might allow a slightly longer duration. If an unusual location or high-value amount is detected, the AI might impose an ultra-short duration or require multi-factor authentication before generating the number. The user indicates the currency amount, and the number is generated according to these AI-driven parameters, enhancing security and user convenience.
• Mermaid Diagram:

  sequenceDiagram
      Actor User
      Participant Device
      Participant AIProcessor
      Participant IoTFeed
      Participant Recipient
      User->>Device: Input Signal (Enable NFC)
      Device->>AIProcessor: Request Dynamic Transaction Parameters
      AIProcessor->>IoTFeed: Fetch Real-time Context (Location, Merchant Risk)
      IoTFeed-->>AIProcessor: Contextual Data
      AIProcessor->>AIProcessor: Analyze Context & User Profile
      AIProcessor-->>Device: Provide Dynamic Parameters (e.g., 5 min, 1 use)
      User->>Device: Indicate Currency Amount
      Device->>Device: Generate Limited-Duration Number (with dynamic params)
      Device->>Recipient: Transmit Limited-Duration Number
  

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Derivative 17.7: Integration with Emerging Tech - Blockchain-Anchored Transaction Verification

• Enabling Description: The method leverages blockchain technology to enhance the auditability and integrity of limited-duration credit card transactions. When the multi-function electronic device generates a limited-duration credit card number, it simultaneously creates a cryptographic hash of this number, the transaction amount, a timestamp, and a unique device ID. This hash is then securely anchored to a public or consortium blockchain (e.g., via a light client on the device or a trusted gateway). The recipient payment terminal, after receiving the limited-duration number, also hashes the relevant transaction details and queries the blockchain to verify that a matching hash exists, thereby confirming the authenticity and integrity of the number before processing. This provides an immutable, decentralized record of each transaction and prevents tampering with the generated numbers.
• Mermaid Diagram:

  sequenceDiagram
      Actor User
      Participant Device
      Participant Blockchain
      Participant Recipient
      User->>Device: Input Signal (Enable NFC)
      Device->>Device: Enable NFC Unit
      User->>Device: Indicate Currency Amount
      Device->>Device: Generate Limited-Duration Number
      Device->>Device: Create Transaction Hash (Number, Amount, Timestamp, Device ID)
      Device->>Blockchain: Anchor Transaction Hash
      Device->>Recipient: Transmit Limited-Duration Number
      Recipient->>Recipient: Create Local Transaction Hash
      Recipient->>Blockchain: Query for Matching Hash
      Blockchain-->>Recipient: Hash Verification Result
      Recipient->>Recipient: Process Transaction (if verified)
  

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Derivative 17.8: Integration with Emerging Tech - Quantum-Resistant Cryptography for Number Generation

• Enabling Description: The method employs quantum-resistant cryptographic algorithms for generating the limited-duration credit card number. As quantum computing capabilities advance, existing cryptographic primitives may become vulnerable. This derivative ensures future-proof security by implementing post-quantum cryptography (PQC) schemes (e.g., lattice-based cryptography like CRYSTALS-Dilithium for signatures and CRYSTALS-Kyber for key encapsulation) within the device's secure element and processor. The generation of the limited-duration number, including its underlying keys and random number generation, utilizes these PQC algorithms. The NFC unit transmits this PQC-secured number. The recipient's system is also equipped to verify these quantum-resistant credentials, maintaining end-to-end security against future quantum attacks.
• Mermaid Diagram:

  sequenceDiagram
      Actor User
      Participant Device
      Participant QuantumResistantModule
      Participant Recipient
      User->>Device: Input Signal (Enable NFC)
      Device->>Device: Enable NFC Unit
      User->>Device: Indicate Currency Amount
      Device->>QuantumResistantModule: Request PQC-Secure Number
      QuantumResistantModule->>QuantumResistantModule: Generate PQC Random Numbers / Keys
      QuantumResistantModule->>QuantumResistantModule: Apply PQC Algorithms (e.g., CRYSTALS-Dilithium/Kyber)
      QuantumResistantModule-->>Device: Provide Limited-Duration PQC Number
      Device->>Recipient: Transmit Limited-Duration PQC Number (via NFC)
      Recipient->>Recipient: Verify PQC Number (using PQC algorithms)
  

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Derivative 17.9: The "Inverse" or Failure Mode - Revocable Limited-Duration Numbers

• Enabling Description: The limited-duration credit card number, once generated and transmitted, is not solely limited by time or count but can also be explicitly revoked by the user or an authorized entity (e.g., the issuing bank) in real-time. Upon generation, the device transmits the number along with a unique revocation token to the payment network via a secure channel (e.g., embedded cellular module). If the user detects an error in the transaction, or suspects fraud immediately after transmission, they can initiate a revocation command via the touch sensor array (e.g., a specific "cancel" gesture). This command transmits the revocation token to the payment network, which immediately flags the associated limited-duration number as invalid, preventing its use even if it hasn't expired. This provides a "safety net" for user errors or immediate fraud concerns.
• Mermaid Diagram:

  sequenceDiagram
      Actor User
      Participant Device
      Participant PaymentNetwork
      Participant Recipient
      User->>Device: Input Signal (Enable NFC)
      Device->>Device: Enable NFC Unit
      User->>Device: Indicate Currency Amount
      Device->>Device: Generate Limited-Duration Number & Revocation Token
      Device->>PaymentNetwork: Transmit Revocation Token (securely)
      Device->>Recipient: Transmit Limited-Duration Number
      Note right of Recipient: Recipient attempts to process
      User->>Device: (If Error/Fraud) Initiate Revocation Command
      Device->>PaymentNetwork: Transmit Revocation Token
      PaymentNetwork->>PaymentNetwork: Invalidate Associated Number
      PaymentNetwork-->>Recipient: Deny Transaction (if already processing)
  

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Derivative 17.10: The "Inverse" or Failure Mode - "Safe Sample" Transaction Mode

• Enabling Description: In this mode, the device provides a "safe sample" or "test transaction" capability without exposing real account details. When the user enables NFC and indicates a currency amount, instead of a real limited-duration credit card number, the device generates a specifically formatted "test" or "zero-value" transaction number. This number is designed to be recognized by payment terminals as a non-financial inquiry or a "ping" to verify reader compatibility without initiating any actual debit or credit. It allows users to test the functionality of new payment terminals or their device's magnetic emulation/NFC without financial risk. The display confirms "Test Mode: No Funds Transferred." This mode provides a safe way to interact with potentially unknown or untrusted systems without compromising financial data.
• Mermaid Diagram:

  sequenceDiagram
      Actor User
      Participant Device
      Participant PaymentTerminal
      User->>Device: Input Signal (Enable NFC)
      Device->>Device: Enter "Safe Sample" Mode (via UI selection)
      Device->>Device: Enable NFC Unit
      User->>Device: Indicate (dummy) Currency Amount
      Device->>Device: Generate "Safe Sample" Transaction Number
      Device->>PaymentTerminal: Transmit "Safe Sample" Number (via NFC)
      PaymentTerminal->>PaymentTerminal: Recognize as Test Transaction
      PaymentTerminal->>Device: Confirm Test Transaction OK
      Device->>User: Display "Test Mode: No Funds Transferred"
  

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Combination Prior Art Scenarios

These scenarios combine elements of US Patent 10,628,820 with existing open-source standards, demonstrating how a person skilled in the art would naturally integrate the patented concepts with prevalent technological frameworks.

1. Combination Prior Art 1: EMVCo Contactless Specifications

   • Open-Source Standard: EMVCo Contactless Kernel Specifications (e.g., EMV Contactless Specification for Payment Systems, Book C-2). These specifications define the interface between a contactless payment device and a terminal, including communication protocols, data formats, and security mechanisms for NFC-based transactions.
   • Combination: US10628820's Independent Claim 13 (multi-function electronic device with NFC for card-to-card transactions) and Independent Claim 17 (method for transactions with limited-duration numbers via NFC) can be combined with the EMVCo Contactless Specifications.
   • Prior Art Scenario: It would be obvious to a person skilled in the art to implement the NFC unit (Claim 13) and its associated transaction method (Claim 17) in a way that strictly adheres to established EMVCo Contactless protocols. This would involve generating the limited-duration credit card number in an EMV-compliant format (e.g., as a cryptogram or application transaction cryptogram, ATC) and exchanging it via NFC according to the EMVCo-defined command/response sets and data element structures, ensuring interoperability with a vast existing payment infrastructure. The "detected proximity" and "user input via touch sensor array" (Claim 13) would serve as the EMVCo-defined "user action" to initiate the contactless transaction, and the exchange of "stored currency and user data" (Claim 13) would be formatted as EMV data elements for a payment transaction.

2. Combination Prior Art 2: ISO/IEC 7811 Magnetic Stripe Data Encoding Standards

   • Open-Source Standard: ISO/IEC 7811 series (e.g., Part 2 for magnetic stripe specifications, Part 6 for high coercivity). These international standards define the physical characteristics, recording techniques, and data encoding formats for magnetic stripes on identification cards.
   • Combination: US10628820's Independent Claim 1 (apparatus for magnetic emulation) can be combined with ISO/IEC 7811.
   • Prior Art Scenario: It would be obvious to a person skilled in the art to ensure that the "magnetic field of alternating polarity" generated by the "inductor assembly" (Claim 1) is encoded precisely according to the ISO/IEC 7811 standards for magnetic stripe data. This would involve emulating the exact bit density (e.g., 210 bits per inch for track 2), data format (e.g., primary account number, expiration date, service code), and error checking mechanisms (e.g., LRC, parity bits) specified by the standard. The "magnetic card reader detection unit" and "processor control" (Claim 1) would dynamically adjust the magnetic field generation rate to precisely match the ISO/IEC 7811 specifications relative to the detected swipe speed, making the emulated stripe indistinguishable from a physical magnetic stripe to a standard magnetic read head.

3. Combination Prior Art 3: FIDO2/WebAuthn for User Authentication

   • Open-Source Standard: FIDO2 (Fast IDentity Online 2) and WebAuthn (Web Authentication API), which specify a standard for passwordless authentication using cryptographic public-key cryptography.
   • Combination: US10628820's Independent Claim 1 (apparatus with user interface for selecting data), Independent Claim 13 (multi-function electronic device with touch sensor array and processor for user input), and Independent Claim 17 (method receiving input signal from user) can be combined with FIDO2/WebAuthn.
   • Prior Art Scenario: It would be obvious to a person skilled in the art to implement the "user interface for selecting a select identification data" (Claim 1) or the "input of information by a first user via said touch sensor array" (Claim 13) using a FIDO2/WebAuthn compliant authenticator embedded in the multi-function device. The "input signal" (Claim 17) enabling NFC could be a biometric authentication (e.g., fingerprint on a touch sensor, or facial recognition via a small camera on the device) that generates a FIDO2 cryptographic assertion. This assertion would then be used by the device's processor to securely unlock and select the identification data, generate the limited-duration number, or authorize the NFC transaction. This provides a standardized, strong, and phishing-resistant authentication method for enabling the device's payment functionalities.