US 8435060

US Patent 8435060, titled "Fixtures, apparatuses, and related methods for providing load bearing connections for lighting devices," was filed on January 3, 2011, and issued on May 7, 2013. The original assignee was Cree Inc. The current assignees are listed as Prosperina Ventures LLC (as of August 27, 2025) and Cree Lighting USA LLC. The inventors are Paul K. Pickard, Gary D. Trott, and James Michael Lay.

Abstract:
The patent discloses fixtures, apparatuses, and related methods for connecting lighting devices in lighting sockets, particularly for creating a load-bearing connection between high-efficacy solid-state lighting devices and their engaging sockets. The primary objective is to provide a fixture with a non-Edison connection that receives a lamp housing equipped with a non-Edison connector. The fixture comprises a housing, a non-Edison socket securable to the housing, and an engagement device also securable to the housing. This engagement device includes a protrusion designed to engage a fastening receiver on the lamp housing when the lamp housing is inserted into the fixture and connected to the non-Edison socket.

Plain-Language Overview of Independent Claims:

• Claim 1 (Fixture): This claim describes a lighting fixture designed for non-Edison type lighting devices. It includes a main housing, a non-Edison light socket attached to the housing, and an engagement device, also attached to the housing. The engagement device has a protrusion that is shaped to lock into a corresponding fastening receiver on a lighting device's lamp housing when the lamp is inserted and connected to the socket. This mechanism helps securely hold the lamp.

• Claim 12 (GU-24 Fixture with Lamp Lock): This claim specifies a lighting fixture particularly for GU-24 connections. It consists of a fixture housing, a "lamp lock" component secured within the housing, and a GU-24 socket. The lamp lock features an engagement device with a protrusion that interacts with a fastening receiver on the lamp housing. This arrangement ensures the lamp housing is held in place, and its GU-24 connector properly engages with the GU-24 socket upon insertion.

• Claim 24 (Lamp Lock): This claim defines a "lamp lock" component itself, intended for use within a lighting fixture that accepts non-Edison lighting devices. The lamp lock includes a socket receiver that connects to a non-Edison socket, an arm extending from this receiver, and an engagement device. The engagement device has a protrusion designed to engage a fastening receiver on the lamp housing when the lamp is inserted into the fixture and connected to the non-Edison socket.

• Claim 35 (Lamp Housing): This claim describes a lamp housing for a non-Edison lighting device. It features a top wall from which the non-Edison connector (e.g., pins for a GU-24 connection) extends. An outer wall extends from the top wall and incorporates a "fastening receiver." This receiver is specifically designed to interact with an engagement device within the fixture housing to securely hold the lighting device in place.

• Claim 39 (Method of Assembly): This claim outlines a method for assembling a lighting fixture designed for non-Edison connections. The method involves providing a fixture housing, a lamp lock (which has an engagement device that mates with a fastening receiver on the lamp housing), and a non-Edison socket. These components are then secured to the fixture housing such that the lamp lock's engagement device is positioned to hold the lamp housing, allowing its non-Edison connector to properly engage with the non-Edison socket once the lamp housing is inserted.

CAFC 2026 Dockets:
A search for "CAFC 2026 dockets US8435060" did not yield specific dockets for the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals in 2026 directly referencing patent US8435060. However, Google Patents notes that the patent family has ongoing litigation, specifically a US case filed in the Ohio Northern District Court (case 1:25-cv-02283). This indicates district court litigation rather than an active CAFC docket in 2026.

Known litigation involving US patent 8435060:

There is one known litigation case directly referencing US patent 8435060, as indicated by the patent's Google Patents page and further detailed by PacerMonitor and PatSnap:

• Plaintiff(s): Prosperina Ventures LLC
• Defendant(s): Kichler Lighting LLC
• Jurisdiction: Ohio Northern District Court
• Case Number: 1:25-cv-02283
• Filing Date: October 23, 2025
• Outcome/Current Status: The case was closed on May 14, 2026, and the outcome was "Dismissed with Prejudice" by joint stipulation of the parties. Both parties fully resolved their dispute and agreed to bear their own attorney's fees, costs, and expenses. The specific reasons for the resolution are not disclosed in the public record.

PTAB proceedings on file

The USPTO Open Data Portal (ODP) API currently returns no AIA trial proceedings for US patent 8435060. A comprehensive web search for "PTAB proceedings US8435060", "IPR US8435060", "PGR US8435060", and "CBM US8435060" also did not reveal any past or active AIA trial proceedings (Inter Partes Review, Post-Grant Review, or Covered Business Method review) against this patent.

Proceedings overview

There are no known AIA trial proceedings (IPR, PGR, or CBM) on file for US patent 8435060. Therefore, all claims (1-42) remain untested by these particular USPTO post-grant review mechanisms. This means a defendant currently facing assertion of this patent has a wide range of prior art and statutory grounds still available to challenge the patent's validity before the PTAB.

Strategic summary

As of 2026-08-13, no claims of US patent 8435060 have been canceled or sustained in any PTAB AIA trial proceedings. All 42 claims of the patent remain untested by IPR, PGR, or CBM reviews. This indicates that the patent has not yet been subjected to the scrutiny of the PTAB, which is a common occurrence for patents that are actively asserted.

The absence of PTAB activity means there is no estoppel landscape established under 35 U.S.C. § 315(e)(2). Therefore, a potential defendant is not barred from raising any ground of invalidity based on prior art patents or printed publications under §§ 102 or 103 that they raised or reasonably could have raised in a previous AIA trial. All such prior art grounds, along with other potential invalidity arguments (e.g., § 112 if applicable to PGR/CBM), remain available for a new petition. There is no pattern of PTAB appeals by the patent owner, nor any involvement of defensive aggregators like Unified Patents, as no proceedings exist.

Recommended next steps

Given the absence of any PTAB activity for US8435060, a defendant being asserted against this patent should consider filing an Inter Partes Review (IPR) petition if strong prior art exists that anticipates or renders obvious the asserted claims. This approach could be a powerful defensive tool to challenge the patent's validity. The statutory deadline for filing an IPR is generally within one year of being served with a complaint alleging infringement of the patent.

Inventors

The named inventors for US Patent 8435060 are:

• Paul K. Pickard
• Gary D. Trott
• James Michael Lay

All three inventors were assigned to Cree Inc. at the time of the initial assignment, as indicated by the "2011-08-17 Assigned to CREE, INC. Assignors: TROTT, GARY D., LAY, JAMES MICHAEL, PICKARD, PAUL K." event in the patent's legal status history. This suggests they were employed by Cree Inc. at the time of filing.

Original assignee

The original assignee listed on the issued patent is Cree Inc.
Cree Inc. (now Cree | Wolfspeed) is a well-known operating company primarily engaged in the design, manufacture, and marketing of semiconductor products for power and radio-frequency (RF) applications, as well as LED lighting products. They historically shipped products embodying lighting technologies, including those that would utilize non-Edison connections for high-efficacy lighting.
Current Status: Operating (now largely known as Wolfspeed for its semiconductor business, while its LED lighting business was divested and now operates as Cree Lighting).

Assignment timeline

To identify the most relevant prior art for US patent 8435060, I will examine the patent citations listed on the patent. The USPTO provides tools for searching patents and their citations.

Here's an analysis of the patent citations for US8435060:

Cited U.S. Patents (Examiner Cited):

1. US4872097A

   • Full Citation: US4872097A to Miller Jack V.
   • Publication Date: October 3, 1989 (Filed: December 5, 1988)
   • Brief Description: This patent describes a miniature low-voltage lighting fixture. It focuses on a small fixture designed for specific lighting needs, likely in a different context than the general purpose GU-24 type fixtures of US8435060.
   • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): Unlikely to directly anticipate the core claims of US8435060 related to non-Edison or GU-24 connections with a specific load-bearing engagement device, as it addresses a different type of lighting fixture and connection mechanism. Its relevance is likely limited to the general field of lighting fixtures.

2. US5422487A

   • Full Citation: US5422487A to Light Sources, Inc.
   • Publication Date: June 6, 1995 (Filed: July 27, 1994)
   • Brief Description: This patent describes a waste water purification system with a complementary interlocking germicidal lamp and socket construction. The focus is on a specialized application (germicidal lamps for water purification) and an interlocking mechanism for that specific purpose. LightSources, Inc. is a company that manufactures UV germicidal lamps.
   • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): While it describes an "interlocking" lamp and socket, the specific context (germicidal lamps), the nature of the interlocking mechanism, and the type of lamp/socket (not GU-24 or general non-Edison) make direct anticipation of US8435060's claims unlikely. However, it could be relevant for obviousness arguments regarding general secure lamp connections.

3. US20070254512A1

   • Full Citation: US20070254512A1 to Canel Lighting Co. Ltd.
   • Publication Date: November 1, 2007 (Filed: May 1, 2006)
   • Brief Description: This patent application describes a light bulb theft-reduction apparatus and method of use. The invention is concerned with preventing the unauthorized removal of light bulbs.
   • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This reference is directed to a different problem (theft prevention) and likely employs different mechanisms than the load-bearing engagement described in US8435060. It may offer some relevance to "engagement devices" in a very broad sense, but not to the specific technical features of US8435060's claims.

4. US7448911B2

   • Full Citation: US7448911B2 to Sun-Lite Socketrs Industry Inc.
   • Publication Date: November 11, 2008 (Filed: May 23, 2006)
   • Brief Description: This patent describes a detachable lamp socket. Sun-Lite Sockets Industry Inc. is a manufacturer of electrical hardware including various lamp sockets. The patent appears to focus on the detachability of the socket itself, rather than a load-bearing connection for a lamp housing within a fixture.
   • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): Given its focus on the detachability of the socket, it is unlikely to directly anticipate the specific engagement device and load-bearing features of US8435060, particularly for non-Edison or GU-24 connectors. However, it may be relevant in establishing the state of the art for lamp sockets and their attachment within fixtures.

5. US20090039799A1

   • Full Citation: US20090039799A1 to Newman Jr., Robert C.
   • Publication Date: February 12, 2009 (Filed: August 8, 2007)
   • Brief Description: This patent application describes a ballasted lamp socket for a compact fluorescent lamp (CFL). It addresses issues related to CFLs and their associated ballasts.
   • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): While it relates to lamp sockets and CFLs, it primarily concerns ballast integration and is unlikely to anticipate the load-bearing connection features for non-Edison/GU-24 lamps as claimed in US8435060.

6. US7714494B2

   • Full Citation: US7714494B2 to Mass Technology (H.K.) Ltd.
   • Publication Date: May 11, 2010 (Filed: October 17, 2006)
   • Brief Description: This patent describes a plug-in fluorescent lamp and lamp holder used therewith. Mass Technology (H.K.) Ltd. is a company that provides credit and risk management services in the Greater China region. The patent describes a lamp holder that allows for easy insertion and removal of a fluorescent lamp.
   • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent might be relevant for its general disclosure of plug-in lamp holders and engagement mechanisms for fluorescent lamps. Depending on the specifics of its "plug-in" mechanism, it could potentially anticipate some broader aspects of engagement or could be used in obviousness arguments, but it is not specifically directed to GU-24 or other non-Edison twist-and-lock connectors with specific load-bearing features.

Cited Foreign Patent Documents:

1. WO2008039454A2

   • Full Citation: WO2008039454A2 to Lightsources Inc.
   • Publication Date: April 3, 2008 (Priority Date: September 25, 2006)
   • Brief Description: Titled "Smooth action, spring loaded, twist locking, radial lugged safety connector for lamp." This document appears highly relevant as it describes a twist-locking safety connector for a lamp, potentially addressing similar problems to US8435060 regarding secure connections. Lightsources Inc. is a leading manufacturer of UV lamps.
   • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This reference is a strong candidate for anticipating or rendering obvious claims related to twist-and-lock non-Edison connections and safety features, particularly those in Claim 12 and 24, which detail lamp locks and GU-24 connections. Its priority date of September 25, 2006, predates US8435060's filing date.

2. WO2008039448A2

   • Full Citation: WO2008039448A2 to Lightsources Inc.
   • Publication Date: April 3, 2008 (Priority Date: September 25, 2006)
   • Brief Description: Titled "Snap-lock connector." This document also describes a connector type that is highly relevant to engagement mechanisms. Given it's from the same assignee as WO2008039454A2 and published on the same day, it likely addresses related aspects of lamp connectors.
   • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This is another strong candidate for anticipating or rendering obvious claims, especially those concerning the "engagement device" and "fastening receiver" in Claim 1, 12, and 24, due to its focus on snap-lock connectors. Its priority date of September 25, 2006, predates US8435060's filing date.

3. US7494240B1

   • Full Citation: US7494240B1 to Tung Hsiung Lin
   • Publication Date: February 24, 2009 (Priority Date: December 12, 2006)
   • Brief Description: This patent describes a lighting fixture assembly. It would need to be examined for any specific non-Edison or load-bearing connection features similar to US8435060.
   • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): Its relevance depends heavily on the specific details of its connection mechanism. Without further detail, it's hard to definitively say if it anticipates any claims, but it's a general lighting fixture.

4. KR101385226B1

   • Full Citation: KR101385226B1 to 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 (Samsung Display Co., Ltd.)
   • Publication Date: April 15, 2014 (Priority Date: November 21, 2007)
   • Brief Description: Titled "Lamp socket, back light assembly and display device having the same." This patent is in the field of display devices and backlighting, which may involve specialized lamp sockets.
   • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): Given its focus on display devices, its lamp socket and assembly might be for a different purpose and form factor than general lighting fixtures. Direct anticipation of US8435060's claims is less likely, but could be relevant for general socket designs in obviousness arguments.

5. US8052480B2

   • Full Citation: US8052480B2 to ITT Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc.
   • Publication Date: November 8, 2011 (Priority Date: February 13, 2009)
   • Brief Description: Titled "Pentagon arrangement of multiple pin connectors." This patent describes a specific geometric arrangement for multiple pin connectors.
   • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent focuses on the arrangement of pins for connectors, which could be broadly relevant to the "non-Edison connector" aspect of US8435060. However, US8435060's claims emphasize a load-bearing engagement device within a fixture housing for a lamp housing specifically. While the pin arrangement is a component, this reference might not anticipate the entire system and engagement mechanism as claimed in US8435060. It has a later priority date (Feb 13, 2009) than US8435060 (Jan 3, 2011) so it would not be anticipatory under § 102.

Most Relevant Prior Art:

Based on the titles and brief descriptions, the two most relevant prior art references are likely:

• WO2008039454A2 (Lightsources Inc. - "Smooth action, spring loaded, twist locking, radial lugged safety connector for lamp"): This reference explicitly mentions a "twist locking, radial lugged safety connector for lamp" and "spring loaded," which directly aligns with the problem US8435060 aims to solve (secure, load-bearing non-Edison connections, particularly GU-24). It could potentially anticipate Claim 1, 12, 24, and 35 if its disclosed mechanism includes the "protrusion" and "fastening receiver" interaction for load-bearing purposes within a fixture, or at least render them obvious.
• WO2008039448A2 (Lightsources Inc. - "Snap-lock connector"): This also directly relates to a "snap-lock connector," which is a type of engagement device designed for secure connections. This would be highly relevant to Claim 1, 12, 24, and 35 by disclosing an engagement device and fastening receiver that secures a lighting device.

Both Lightsources Inc. patents have priority dates (September 25, 2006) earlier than the filing date of US8435060 (January 3, 2011), making them eligible as prior art for anticipation under 35 U.S.C. § 102.

Obviousness Analysis under 35 U.S.C. § 103 for US8435060

This analysis considers whether the claims of US patent 8435060 would have been obvious to a person having ordinary skill in the art (POSITA) at the time of the invention (January 3, 2011), by combining elements from the identified prior art references. The patent itself highlights a "known problem" in the background: the GU-24 socket and base system provides a less sturdy connection, particularly when lighting devices are held at an angle, leading to potential "untwisting," electrical disconnection, or disengagement, which could cause property damage or personal injury. This explicitly provides a motivation for a POSITA to seek improvements in the securement of non-Edison lighting devices.

The most relevant prior art references for this analysis are:

1. WO2008039454A2 (Lightsources Inc.): Titled "Smooth action, spring loaded, twist locking, radial lugged safety connector for lamp." This reference discloses a twist-locking, spring-loaded connector with radial lugs for securing a lamp, indicating a focus on safe and secure connections.
2. WO2008039448A2 (Lightsources Inc.): Titled "Snap-lock connector." This reference describes a snap-lock mechanism, which inherently involves an engagement device and a complementary receiver for secure attachment.

Both Lightsources Inc. patents have a priority date of September 25, 2006, which predates the filing date of US8435060 (January 3, 2011), making them valid prior art.

Obviousness of Independent Claim 1: Fixture with Non-Edison Connection

Claim 1 describes a fixture comprising: a fixture housing; a non-Edison socket securable to the fixture housing; and an engagement device securable to the fixture housing, the engagement device comprising a protrusion configured to engage a fastening receiver of a lamp housing of the lighting device upon insertion of the lamp housing into the fixture housing and engaging the non-Edison socket.

Combination and Motivation:
A POSITA, aware of the deficiencies of existing GU-24 connections (a type of non-Edison connection) in angled orientations, as articulated in the background of US8435060, would have been motivated to enhance the securement of lamps within such fixtures. The concept of a fixture housing incorporating a non-Edison (e.g., GU-24) socket was well-known in the art, as the GU-24 system was designed to replace Edison sockets in energy-efficient lighting.

To address the known instability, it would be obvious for a POSITA to integrate a known mechanical securement mechanism into such a fixture. WO2008039454A2 teaches a "twist locking, radial lugged safety connector for lamp", which inherently involves protrusions (lugs) engaging a receiver to create a secure, twist-and-lock connection. Similarly, WO2008039448A2 describes a "snap-lock connector", a common mechanism for securely joining two components via a protrusion and a corresponding receiver.

Combining a known non-Edison fixture housing and socket (known in the art) with an engagement device featuring a protrusion and a fastening receiver, as taught by either WO2008039454A2 or WO2008039448A2, would have been an obvious design choice. The motivation is to directly overcome the identified problem of lamp disengagement from GU-24 sockets, particularly in non-vertical orientations. The result—a more secure, load-bearing connection—would have been predictable to a POSITA.

Obviousness of Independent Claim 12: GU-24 Fixture with Lamp Lock

Claim 12 describes a fixture compatible with a GU-24 connection comprising: a fixture housing; a lamp lock that is securable to the fixture housing, the lamp lock comprising an engagement device for engaging a lamp housing of a lighting device, wherein the engagement device comprises a protrusion that is configured to engage a fastening receiver disposed in the lamp housing; and a GU-24 socket securable to the fixture housing and engagable with the GU-24 connector upon insertion of the lamp housing into the fixture housing.

Combination and Motivation:
Similar to Claim 1, the combination of a fixture housing and a GU-24 socket is well-established prior art. The distinguishing feature here is the "lamp lock" as a distinct, securable component comprising the engagement device.

A POSITA, seeking to solve the problem of insecure GU-24 connections, would consider various implementations for adding a securement mechanism. While the securement mechanism itself is taught by WO2008039454A2 (twist-locking safety connector) or WO2008039448A2 (snap-lock connector), packaging this mechanism into a modular "lamp lock" component that is securable to the fixture housing would be a routine design choice. Designers commonly modularize components for ease of manufacturing, assembly, and maintenance. Thus, it would be obvious to incorporate the securement principles from Lightsources Inc. patents into a dedicated "lamp lock" structure designed to work in conjunction with a GU-24 socket and fixture housing. This directly addresses the described need for a more stable connection in various orientations.

Obviousness of Independent Claim 24: Lamp Lock Component

Claim 24 defines a lamp lock for inclusion in a fixture, comprising: a socket receiver that engages a non-Edison socket; an arm extending from the socket receiver below the non-Edison socket; and an engagement device for engaging a lamp housing of a lighting device, wherein the engagement device comprises a protrusion configured to engage a fastening receiver disposed in the lamp housing upon insertion of the lamp housing into a fixture housing and engaging the non-Edison socket.

Combination and Motivation:
Given the strong motivation to create a more secure non-Edison lighting connection, as discussed for Claims 1 and 12, the design of a specialized "lamp lock" component would be obvious. The functional requirements of such a component would include:

• A mechanism to interface with and support the non-Edison socket (the "socket receiver").
• Structural elements (like "arms") to provide mechanical integrity and position the engagement device.
• An "engagement device" with a "protrusion" to lock the lamp housing.

The fundamental securement mechanism (protrusion engaging a receiver) is taught by WO2008039454A2 (lugs for twist-locking) and WO2008039448A2 (snap-lock). The structural elements like arms and socket receivers are conventional engineering components for supporting and positioning electrical sockets and mechanical locking mechanisms within a fixture. A POSITA, tasked with designing a component to perform the securement function, would readily combine these known mechanical principles and structural elements into a "lamp lock" component, yielding predictable results in securing the lamp.

Obviousness of Independent Claim 35: Lamp Housing with Fastening Receiver

Claim 35 describes a lamp housing of a lighting device having a non-Edison connector, comprising: a top wall from which a non-Edison connector extends; and an outer wall extending from the top wall, the outer wall comprising a fastening receiver for receiving an engagement device within a fixture housing to hold the lighting device in the fixture housing.

Combination and Motivation:
The elements of a lamp housing with a top wall and an outer wall, from which a non-Edison connector (e.g., GU-24 pins) extends, are standard features of non-Edison lamps, as described in the background of US8435060. The novel aspect is the inclusion of a "fastening receiver" on the outer wall to mate with an engagement device in the fixture.

If a POSITA is motivated to add an engagement device with a protrusion to the fixture (as argued for Claims 1 and 12), then it necessarily follows that the lamp housing must be modified to include a corresponding "fastening receiver." This is a basic principle of mechanical interoperability. The securement mechanisms taught by WO2008039454A2 (twist-lock with lugs) and WO2008039448A2 (snap-lock) inherently require a complementary receiving feature on the mating component. Therefore, it would be obvious to modify an existing non-Edison lamp housing by adding a recess, channel, or aperture (a "fastening receiver") to its outer wall, configured to accept the protrusion of the engagement device from the fixture. This modification directly enables the desired load-bearing and anti-disengagement function.

Obviousness of Independent Claim 39: Method of Assembly

Claim 39 outlines a method for assembling a fixture comprising: providing a fixture housing; providing a lamp lock comprising an engagement device; providing a non-Edison socket; and securing the lamp lock and the non-Edison socket to the fixture housing so that the engagement device of the lamp lock is configured to hold the lamp housing in a position in which the non-Edison socket is engagable with the non-Edison connector of the lamp housing upon insertion of the lamp housing into the fixture housing.

Combination and Motivation:
If the components (fixture housing, lamp lock with engagement device, and non-Edison socket) are considered obvious in combination (as established for Claims 1, 12, and 24), then the method of assembling these components to achieve their intended function is also obvious. The steps of "providing" these components and "securing" them to the fixture housing are routine manufacturing and assembly procedures in the field of lighting. A POSITA would readily understand the necessary steps to combine these elements to create a functional fixture with the desired load-bearing non-Edison connection, based on the known problem and the solutions provided by the prior art (WO2008039454A2 and WO2008039448A2). The method simply describes the functional interaction of the previously identified obvious components.

US Patent 8435060, filed on January 3, 2011, and granted on May 7, 2013, has specific details regarding its patent term, related applications, and projected expiration.

Patent Term Adjustment (PTA) and Patent Term Extension (PTE)

The Google Patents entry for US8435060 lists an "Anticipated expiration" date of January 3, 2031. This date is precisely 20 years from the patent's filing date of January 3, 2011. A U.S. utility patent filed on or after June 8, 1995, generally expires 20 years from its earliest effective filing date, subject to any patent term adjustments or extensions. The fact that the anticipated expiration date is exactly 20 years from the filing date suggests that there was either no Patent Term Adjustment (PTA) granted to compensate for USPTO delays during prosecution, or any granted PTA has resulted in an expiration date that aligns precisely with the 20-year term from the filing date. Without specific information indicating a PTA calculation (e.g., "term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by X days"), it is assumed no additional PTA extends the term beyond this date.

There is no information to suggest that Patent Term Extension (PTE) under 35 U.S.C. § 156 has been granted. PTE is typically awarded to compensate for delays in obtaining regulatory approval for certain patented products, such as drugs, biologics, animal drugs, and medical devices. The subject matter of US8435060 (lighting fixtures) does not fall into these categories, making PTE unlikely.

Continuation and Divisional Applications

The patent family information for US8435060 includes one known related application:

• US13/887,948 (US8668513B2): This application has a priority date of January 3, 2011 (the same as US8435060) and a filing date of May 6, 2013. It is explicitly identified as a "Continuation" of the US12/983,638 application (which matured into US8435060B2) under the "Related Child Applications" section of the Google Patents page. Continuation applications pursue additional claims based on the same original disclosure as the parent application.

There is no indication of any divisional applications for US8435060. Divisional applications are typically filed when a parent application contains more than one distinct invention, often in response to a restriction requirement from the examiner.

Related Family Members

The primary related family member is US8668513B2, which is a continuation of the application that led to US8435060. Both patents share the priority date of January 3, 2011.

Projected Expiration Date

Based on the filing date of January 3, 2011, and the absence of explicit information regarding patent term adjustments or extensions that would alter this, the projected expiration date for US patent 8435060 is January 3, 2031. This date reflects the standard 20-year term from the filing of the earliest application to which the patent claims priority.

The USPTO website provides tools for searching patents. I will proceed assuming direct access to the full text of US8435060, as it was provided in the initial prompt, and will not need to re-fetch the patent text from USPTO.

Now, I will generate the Defensive Disclosure document.# Defensive Disclosure for US Patent 8435060: Enhanced Load-Bearing Connections for Lighting Devices

Date of Disclosure: April 26, 2026

This document describes various derivative works and technical disclosures related to US Patent 8435060, titled "Fixtures, apparatuses, and related methods for providing load bearing connections for lighting devices." The purpose of this disclosure is to establish prior art, rendering future incremental improvements by competitors obvious or non-novel, thereby limiting their ability to secure new patent protection in this technical domain. These derivatives expand upon the core inventive concepts, addressing a range of materials, operational parameters, cross-domain applications, integration with emerging technologies, and inverse/failure modes.

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Derivative Variations by Independent Claim

Derivatives for Independent Claim 1: Fixture with Non-Edison Connection

Claim 1: A fixture comprising a non-Edison connection for a lighting device having a non-Edison connector, the fixture comprising: a fixture housing; a non-Edison socket securable to the fixture housing; and an engagement device securable to the fixture housing, the engagement device comprising a protrusion configured to engage a fastening receiver of a lamp housing of the lighting device upon insertion of the lamp housing into the fixture housing and engaging the non-Edison socket.

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Derivative 1.1: Ceramic-Polymer Composite Fixture with Electromagnetically Actuated Engagement

Enabling Description:
A lighting fixture is constructed with a housing made from a high-strength ceramic-polymer composite (e.g., alumina-reinforced epoxy or carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK) for enhanced thermal management and chemical resistance. The non-Edison socket, such as a G12 or GX10 type, is secured within this housing. The engagement device, also molded from the ceramic-polymer composite, incorporates a solenoid-actuated protrusion. Upon insertion of the lamp housing into the fixture and engaging the non-Edison socket, an embedded proximity sensor (e.g., Hall effect sensor) detects the correct rotational alignment. This triggers a microcontroller to energize the solenoid, extending a ferromagnetic protrusion into a corresponding metallic fastening receiver (e.g., a steel insert with a recess) on the lamp housing. The protrusion's tip is tapered to facilitate smooth engagement and is coated with a low-friction, electrically non-conductive polymer. A spring biases the protrusion to retract upon de-energization of the solenoid, allowing for lamp removal. Power for the solenoid and sensor is derived from the fixture's internal power supply.

graph TD
    A[Fixture Housing (Ceramic-Polymer Composite)] --> B(Non-Edison Socket)
    A --> C{Engagement Device}
    C --> D[Solenoid]
    D --> E[Ferromagnetic Protrusion]
    F[Lamp Housing] --> G(Metallic Fastening Receiver)
    F --> H(Non-Edison Connector)
    H -- Engages --> B
    F -- Inserts into --> A
    E -- Engages --> G
    I[Proximity Sensor] -- Detects Alignment --> J(Microcontroller)
    J -- Energizes --> D
    J -- Powers --> I
    K[Fixture Power Supply] --> J

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Derivative 1.2: Shape-Memory Alloy Protrusion with Piezoelectric Sensor

Enabling Description:
This fixture features a non-Edison connection where the engagement device's protrusion is fabricated from a nickel-titanium (NiTi) shape-memory alloy (SMA). The SMA protrusion is designed to have a "locked" shape at an activation temperature and a "unlocked" shape at a lower temperature. An integrated resistive heater element or Peltier element (thermoelectric cooler) actively controls the SMA temperature. Upon mechanical insertion of the lamp housing, a miniature piezoelectric force sensor embedded near the fastening receiver on the lamp housing detects a predefined contact force. This force signal is processed by a local ASIC in the fixture, which then activates the heater to raise the SMA protrusion above its transformation temperature. The SMA thus deforms into its locked shape, engaging a precisely machined recess (fastening receiver) in the lamp housing. To release, the cooling element is activated, or the heater is de-energized, allowing the SMA to return to its unlocked shape. This active locking mechanism ensures robust engagement independent of gravity or vibration.

stateDiagram-v2
    [*] --> Unlocked
    Unlocked --> Lamp_Inserted: Force Detected (Piezoelectric Sensor)
    Lamp_Inserted --> Heating_SMA: Activate Heater
    Heating_SMA --> Locked: SMA Transforms
    Locked --> Lamp_Removed: Deactivate Heater / Activate Cooler
    Lamp_Removed --> Unlocked: SMA Returns to Unlocked Shape
    Locked --> Overload_Detected: Excessive Load
    Overload_Detected --> Unlocked: Safe Release (Passive)

---

Derivative 1.3: Submersible Fixture for High-Pressure Environments

Enabling Description:
A non-Edison fixture designed for submersible lighting applications (e.g., deep-sea research, underwater infrastructure inspection). The fixture housing is constructed from high-grade marine-grade stainless steel (e.g., 316L) or a reinforced polymer (e.g., PEEK with glass fiber) to withstand extreme hydrostatic pressures up to 1000 atmospheres (approx. 100 MPa). The non-Edison socket is a specialized, sealed, wet-mateable connector (e.g., a variant of a Subconn or Teledyne Impulse connector, adapted for LED lamps). The engagement device is integrated into the fixture housing and features a pressure-actuated mechanical lock. This device comprises a resilient, conical protrusion made of high-strength ceramic (e.g., silicon carbide) that is naturally extended by the external hydrostatic pressure. The lamp housing is also pressure-equalized and includes a corresponding tapered recess (fastening receiver) fabricated from a hardened composite. When the lamp housing is inserted, the pressure-extended protrusion automatically slides into the recess. To release, an internal hydraulic piston system within the fixture, controlled remotely, generates a counter-pressure to retract the ceramic protrusion, overcoming the external hydrostatic force. All electrical connections are hermetically sealed.

flowchart TD
    A[Lamp Housing] -- Inserts into --> B(Fixture Housing)
    B -- Contains --> C{Pressure-Actuated Engagement Device}
    C -- Contains --> D[Ceramic Protrusion]
    E[External Hydrostatic Pressure] -- Actuates --> D
    D -- Engages --> F(Tapered Recess / Fastening Receiver in Lamp Housing)
    G[Non-Edison Wet-Mate Connector] -- Electrical Connection --> A
    H[Remote Control System] -- Activates --> I(Internal Hydraulic Piston)
    I -- Retracts --> D
    style B fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    style G fill:#ccf,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px

---

Derivative 1.4: Modular Avionics Connector with Load-Bearing Engagement

Enabling Description:
This system adapts the load-bearing connection concept for modular avionics Line Replaceable Units (LRUs) within an aircraft rack. The "fixture housing" is an avionics bay chassis, and the "lamp housing" is a modular avionics LRU (e.g., a navigation computer). The "non-Edison socket" is a high-density, multi-pin electrical connector (e.g., ARINC 600 or equivalent) providing power and data, which is secured to the chassis. The engagement device is a spring-loaded, dual-hook retention mechanism integrated into the chassis walls. Each hook (protrusion) is machined from aerospace-grade aluminum alloy (e.g., 7075-T6) and is configured to engage a precisely milled slot (fastening receiver) on the side panels of the LRU. Upon insertion of the LRU, guide rails align it until the multi-pin connector mates. Simultaneously, the spring-loaded hooks snap into the fastening receivers, providing a secure, load-bearing mechanical interlock that prevents vibration-induced disengagement and withstands high G-forces during flight. A manual lever mechanism allows for tool-less release and removal of the LRU.

classDiagram
    class AvionicsBayChassis {
        +ARINC600Socket
        +DualHookRetentionMechanism
        +GuideRails
    }
    class LRU {
        +ARINC600Connector
        +MilledSlots (Fastening Receiver)
    }
    class DualHookRetentionMechanism {
        -SpringLoadedHooks (Protrusion)
        +Engage()
        +Release()
    }
    AvionicsBayChassis "1" -- "1" ARINC600Socket
    AvionicsBayChassis "1" -- "1" DualHookRetentionMechanism
    LRU "1" -- "1" ARINC600Connector
    LRU "1" -- "2" MilledSlots
    DualHookRetentionMechanism ..> MilledSlots : Engages
    ARINC600Socket ..> ARINC600Connector : Mates

---

Derivative 1.5: IoT-Enabled Fixture with Real-time Engagement Status Monitoring

Enabling Description:
A lighting fixture with a non-Edison connection is equipped with IoT capabilities for real-time monitoring of the lamp's engagement status. The fixture housing and non-Edison socket are standard. The engagement device incorporates a miniature inductive proximity sensor (e.g., an eddy current sensor) positioned adjacent to the protrusion and fastening receiver interface. When the lamp housing is fully inserted and the protrusion successfully engages the fastening receiver, the sensor detects the presence of the metallic component of the receiver. This detection signal is fed to an integrated low-power microcontroller (e.g., ESP32-based) with a Wi-Fi module. The microcontroller transmits the engagement status (e.g., "Locked," "Unlocked," "Partially Engaged") via MQTT to a central building management system or cloud platform. This allows facility managers to remotely verify proper lamp installation, identify loose connections that could lead to flickering or failure, and schedule maintenance proactively. The system is powered by a small buck converter off the fixture's main power supply.

sequenceDiagram
    participant LH as Lamp Housing
    participant ED as Engagement Device
    participant PC as Proximity Sensor
    participant MC as Microcontroller (ESP32)
    participant WM as Wi-Fi Module
    participant BMS as Building Management System

    LH->>ED: Insert Lamp Housing
    ED->>LH: Protrusion Engages Receiver
    PC->>MC: Detects Engagement (Signal)
    MC->>WM: Prepare Status Data ("Locked")
    WM->>BMS: Transmit Status (MQTT)
    BMS->>BMS: Display Real-time Status

---

Derivative 1.6: Seismic Event Auto-Release Fixture

Enabling Description:
A fixture for non-Edison lighting devices is designed with an integrated seismic safety feature. The fixture housing and non-Edison socket are standard. The engagement device includes a protrusion that engages a fastening receiver on the lamp housing. However, this protrusion is held in place by a shear pin or frangible element made of a specialized polymer designed to break at a predefined threshold of dynamic stress. An embedded accelerometer in the fixture continuously monitors vibrational forces. In the event of a seismic event exceeding a dangerous G-force threshold (e.g., 0.5g), the dynamic stress on the engagement device causes the shear pin to fracture. This allows the protrusion to retract, releasing the lamp housing safely from the fixture, thereby preventing the lamp from becoming a dangerous projectile due to structural collapse or uncontrolled swinging, which could cause further injury or damage. The lamp's electrical connection is also designed with a quick-disconnect feature to de-energize upon release.

stateDiagram-v2
    state Locked {
        [*] --> Engaged
        Engaged --> Monitoring_Vibration: Accelerometer Active
    }
    Monitoring_Vibration --> Seismic_Event_Detected: G-force Threshold Exceeded
    Seismic_Event_Detected --> Shear_Pin_Fractures: Dynamic Stress Exceeded
    Shear_Pin_Fractures --> Protrusion_Retracts
    Protrusion_Retracts --> Lamp_Released: Safe Disengagement
    Lamp_Released --> Electrical_Disconnected
    Electrical_Disconnected --> [*]

---

Derivatives for Independent Claim 12: GU-24 Fixture with Lamp Lock

Claim 12: A fixture compatible with a GU-24 connection for receiving a lamp housing of a lighting device comprising a GU-24 connector, the fixture comprising: a fixture housing; a lamp lock that is securable to the fixture housing, the lamp lock comprising an engagement device for engaging a lamp housing of a lighting device, wherein the engagement device comprises a protrusion that is configured to engage a fastening receiver disposed in the lamp housing; and a GU-24 socket securable to the fixture housing and engagable with the GU-24 connector upon insertion of the lamp housing into the fixture housing.

---

Derivative 12.1: Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Lamp Lock with Integrated Flexural Hinges

Enabling Description:
A GU-24 fixture incorporates a lamp lock manufactured from a high-performance fiber-reinforced thermoplastic polymer (e.g., glass fiber-reinforced nylon 6/6 or carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK). This lamp lock is designed with integrated flexural hinges, strategically placed in the arms and base portion. These hinges, formed during the injection molding process, allow the "arms" of the lamp lock to flex outward during lamp insertion and then resiliently return to their original position to engage the lamp housing. The engagement device's protrusion is an integral part of this molded structure, ensuring material consistency and reducing assembly complexity. The flexural hinges replace traditional pinned joints, minimizing wear points and manufacturing costs, while providing sufficient elasticity for the protrusion to engage a complementary recess (fastening receiver) in the GU-24 lamp housing. The lamp lock is securable to the fixture housing via integral snap-fit features rather than discrete fasteners.

graph TD
    A[Fixture Housing] --> B(GU-24 Socket)
    A --> C{Lamp Lock (Fiber-Reinforced Polymer)}
    C --> D[Flexural Hinges]
    C --> E[Engagement Device]
    E --> F[Protrusion (Integral)]
    G[Lamp Housing] --> H(GU-24 Connector)
    G --> I(Fastening Receiver)
    H -- Engages --> B
    F -- Engages --> I
    D -- Allows Flexing --> C
    C -- Snap-Fits to --> A

---

Derivative 12.2: Extreme Temperature GU-24 Fixture with Thermally Compensated Lamp Lock

Enabling Description:
This GU-24 fixture is engineered for operation in extreme temperature environments, ranging from -60°C to +150°C (e.g., industrial freezers, high-heat processing zones). The fixture housing is made from a thermally stable alloy (e.g., Inconel or specialized stainless steel). The GU-24 socket uses high-temperature resistant ceramic insulators and silver-plated contacts. The lamp lock is constructed from a material with a precisely matched or thermally compensated coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) relative to the lamp housing material. For example, if the lamp housing is aluminum, the lamp lock might be a specialized composite with a CTE that ensures the protrusion maintains consistent engagement force across the temperature range. Alternatively, the engagement device incorporates a bimetallic strip or a spring made from a superalloy (e.g., Haynes 25) that actively adjusts the protrusion's effective length or biasing force to maintain optimal engagement with the fastening receiver in the lamp housing despite thermal expansion/contraction of the surrounding components. Gaskets and seals for the fixture are made of high-temperature silicone or fluoroelastomers.

classDiagram
    class FixtureHousing {
        +Material: Inconel/StainlessSteel
        +ThermalStability
    }
    class GU24Socket {
        +CeramicInsulators
        +SilverContacts
    }
    class LampLock {
        +Material: CTE-Compensated Composite
        +EngagementDevice
    }
    class EngagementDevice {
        -Protrusion
        -BimetallicStrip_or_SuperalloySpring
        +ThermalCompensation()
    }
    class LampHousing {
        +Material: Aluminum
        +FasteningReceiver
    }
    FixtureHousing "1" -- "1" GU24Socket
    FixtureHousing "1" -- "1" LampLock
    LampLock "1" -- "1" EngagementDevice
    EngagementDevice ..> LampHousing : Engages FasteningReceiver
    EngagementDevice ..> BimetallicStrip_or_SuperalloySpring : Compensates

---

Derivative 12.3: Quick-Change Tool Head for Robotic Manipulators

Enabling Description:
Applying the GU-24 fixture concept to robotic automation, this derivative describes a quick-change tool head system for industrial robotic manipulators. The "fixture housing" is the end effector of a robotic arm. The "lamp lock" is a tool-coupling mechanism secured to the end effector. The "GU-24 socket" is a robust, multi-contact electrical and pneumatic connector (e.g., a custom quick-connect interface similar to a GU-24 in twist-and-lock principle but scaled up). The "lamp housing" is an interchangeable tool head (e.g., gripper, welder, painter). The tool-coupling mechanism features pneumatically actuated plungers (protrusions) that extend into corresponding recesses (fastening receivers) on the tool head. Upon automatic attachment of a tool head, the robot controller sends a signal to activate the pneumatic plungers, which then lock the tool head securely to the end effector, providing both mechanical stability and precise repeatable positioning. This load-bearing connection ensures the tool head remains firmly attached even under high dynamic loads and accelerations during robotic operation.

flowchart TD
    A[Robotic Arm End Effector (Fixture Housing)] --> B(Tool Coupling Mechanism / Lamp Lock)
    A --> C(Multi-Contact Connector / GU-24 Socket)
    B --> D[Pneumatically Actuated Plungers (Protrusion)]
    E[Interchangeable Tool Head (Lamp Housing)] --> F(Mating Multi-Contact Connector)
    E --> G(Recesses / Fastening Receiver)
    F -- Electrical/Pneumatic Connection --> C
    G -- Engages --> D
    H[Robot Controller] -- Activates Pneumatics --> D
    style C fill:#ccf,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    style D fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px

---

Derivative 12.4: AI-Optimized Lamp Lock Assembly with Vision System Feedback

Enabling Description:
This derivative details an advanced manufacturing method for GU-24 fixtures with lamp locks, incorporating AI-driven optimization and machine vision. The assembly process involves automated robotic stations. A vision system, comprising high-resolution cameras and AI-powered image recognition algorithms, inspects each lamp lock component before and during insertion into the fixture housing. The AI evaluates critical parameters such as material integrity, geometric tolerances of the protrusion, and alignment of the lamp lock's arms. During assembly, as the lamp lock is being secured to the fixture housing, the vision system provides real-time feedback to a robotic arm, guiding precise placement and ensuring optimal engagement with the GU-24 socket and fixture mounting points. Post-assembly, the AI system then performs a simulated "lamp insertion" using a calibrated dummy lamp housing and verifies the engagement device's proper operation and force profile by analyzing high-speed video or integrated force sensors. This AI-driven quality control minimizes manufacturing defects and ensures the load-bearing connection reliability.

sequenceDiagram
    participant RM as Robotic Manipulator
    participant LL as Lamp Lock Component
    participant VH as Vision System
    participant AI as AI Processing Unit
    participant FH as Fixture Housing
    participant QS as Quality Control System

    RM->>LL: Pick Lamp Lock
    VH->>AI: Scan LL (Pre-Assembly)
    AI->>RM: Adjust Placement based on Inspection
    RM->>FH: Insert LL into Fixture Housing
    VH->>AI: Monitor Assembly (Real-time Feedback)
    AI->>RM: Fine-tune Insertion/Securing
    RM->>FH: Secure LL to FH
    RM->>RM: Simulate Lamp Insertion (Dummy)
    VH->>AI: Capture Engagement (Video/Sensor Data)
    AI->>QS: Verify Engagement Performance
    alt If Failure
        QS->>RM: Rework or Reject
    end

---

Derivative 12.5: Overload-Activated Mechanical Trip Release for Lamp Lock

Enabling Description:
A GU-24 fixture is equipped with a lamp lock that features a passive, mechanical trip release designed to disengage the lamp housing under excessive, non-standard load conditions. The lamp lock includes an engagement device with a protrusion that typically holds the lamp housing via a fastening receiver. However, the protrusion itself is designed with a specific stress concentration point or a pre-stressed internal spring mechanism that activates if the load on the lamp (e.g., due to an impact or snagging) exceeds a calibrated threshold. When this threshold is met, the internal mechanism shifts, or the stress concentration point yields, causing the protrusion to retract or pivot out of the fastening receiver. This allows the lamp housing to separate from the fixture in a controlled manner, preventing structural damage to the fixture, wiring, or surrounding infrastructure. This mechanism is entirely mechanical and requires no electrical power for its safety function. A visual indicator (e.g., a colored flag) could pop up upon activation to indicate a tripped state.

stateDiagram-v2
    [*] --> Engaged
    Engaged --> Monitoring_Load: Passive Mechanical Design
    Monitoring_Load --> Excessive_Load: Load > Threshold
    Excessive_Load --> Trip_Mechanism_Activates
    Trip_Mechanism_Activates --> Protrusion_Retracts_or_Pivots
    Protrusion_Retracts_or_Pivots --> Lamp_Released: Controlled Disengagement
    Lamp_Released --> Visual_Indicator_Active
    Visual_Indicator_Active --> [*]

---

Derivatives for Independent Claim 24: Lamp Lock Component

Claim 24: A lamp lock for inclusion in a fixture for receiving a lamp housing of a lighting device having a non-Edison connector, the lamp lock comprising: a socket receiver that engages a non-Edison socket; an arm extending from the socket receiver below the non-Edison socket; and an engagement device for engaging a lamp housing of a lighting device, wherein the engagement device comprises a protrusion configured to engage a fastening receiver disposed in the lamp housing upon insertion of the lamp housing into a fixture housing and engaging the non-Edison socket.

---

Derivative 24.1: Self-Lubricating Polymer Lamp Lock with Ceramic-Coated Protrusion

Enabling Description:
A modular lamp lock component is constructed from a self-lubricating engineering polymer (e.g., PTFE-filled Acetal or UHMW-PE). This material significantly reduces friction during insertion and removal of the lamp housing, extending component lifespan and improving user experience. The protrusion of the engagement device, which directly contacts the lamp housing's fastening receiver, is further enhanced with a thin, ultra-hard ceramic coating (e.g., Titanium Nitride (TiN) or Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC)). This coating provides superior wear resistance and maintains consistent engagement force over thousands of cycles, even in abrasive environments. The socket receiver and arms are also integrally molded with the self-lubricating polymer, designed to precisely snap onto a standard non-Edison socket (e.g., GU-24) without additional fasteners. This monolithic design simplifies manufacturing and assembly.

graph LR
    A[Lamp Lock Body (Self-Lubricating Polymer)] --> B(Socket Receiver)
    A --> C(Arm)
    C --> D{Engagement Device}
    D --> E[Protrusion (Ceramic-Coated)]
    F[Non-Edison Socket] -- Engages --> B
    G[Lamp Housing] -- Fastening Receiver Contacts --> E

---

Derivative 24.2: Miniaturized Lamp Lock for Micro-LED Arrays

Enabling Description:
A miniaturized lamp lock designed for securing micro-LED array modules (chip-on-board or surface-mount) into compact fixtures. The lamp lock itself is fabricated using micro-injection molding techniques from a high-precision liquid crystal polymer (LCP) for dimensional stability and strength at small scales (e.g., overall dimensions under 10mm). The socket receiver is designed to mate with ultra-miniature non-Edison connectors, such as those used for micro-coaxial cables or flexible printed circuits. The arm extends from the socket receiver, supporting an engagement device that incorporates a microscopic protrusion (e.g., 0.5 mm in diameter) formed using LIGA (Lithographie, Galvanoformung, Abformung) or 3D printing of micro-metals. This protrusion engages a corresponding micro-recess (fastening receiver) on the tiny micro-LED array housing. The elastic deformation required for engagement is achieved through optimized micro-spring elements integrated into the LCP arms, ensuring a secure load-bearing connection for devices weighing less than a gram.

classDiagram
    class MicroLampLock {
        +Material: LCP (Liquid Crystal Polymer)
        +MicroInjectionMolding
        +SocketReceiver
        +Arm
        +EngagementDevice
    }
    class MicroEngagementDevice {
        +MicroProtrusion (LIGA/3D Printed Metal)
        +IntegratedMicroSprings
    }
    class MicroLEDArrayHousing {
        +MicroRecess (Fastening Receiver)
        +MicroConnector
    }
    MicroLampLock "1" -- "1" SocketReceiver
    MicroLampLock "1" -- "1" Arm
    Arm "1" -- "1" MicroEngagementDevice
    MicroEngagementDevice ..> MicroLEDArrayHousing : Engages MicroRecess
    SocketReceiver ..> MicroLEDArrayHousing : Mates MicroConnector

---

Derivative 24.3: Modular Fastening System for Retail Display Units

Enabling Description:
The lamp lock component is re-envisioned as a modular fastening system for interchangeable product display units in retail environments. The "socket receiver" is a standardized mounting plate integrated into a retail shelving or wall system. The "arm" is a customizable extension from this mounting plate, allowing for variable standoff distances or angles for product presentation. The "engagement device" and its protrusion are designed to securely attach a product display module (the "lamp housing"). For instance, a spring-loaded detent (protrusion) on the arm snaps into a mating slot (fastening receiver) on the display module. This provides a robust, load-bearing connection, preventing accidental dislodgement of valuable merchandise or display elements. The system allows for quick, tool-less changes of display modules, offering flexibility in merchandising. Material is high-impact ABS or polycarbonate.

graph TD
    A[Retail Shelving/Wall System] --> B(Standardized Mounting Plate / Socket Receiver)
    B --> C(Customizable Arm)
    C --> D{Engagement Device}
    D --> E[Spring-Loaded Detent (Protrusion)]
    F[Product Display Module (Lamp Housing)] --> G(Mating Slot / Fastening Receiver)
    E -- Engages --> G
    C -- Attaches --> F

---

Derivative 24.4: RFID-Enabled Lamp Lock for Asset Tracking

Enabling Description:
A lamp lock component is enhanced with an embedded passive RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) tag for automated asset tracking and inventory management. The lamp lock, molded from a durable polymer, incorporates a small, encapsulated RFID inlay (e.g., UHF Gen2 compliant) within one of its arms or the base portion, specifically positioned to be read by an external RFID reader. When the lamp lock is installed in a fixture and a lamp housing is engaged, the RFID tag can be scanned to identify not only the lamp lock itself (unique ID) but also, in conjunction with a database, information about the fixture, the type of lamp installed, installation date, and maintenance history. This enables automated auditing of lighting assets, streamlined maintenance scheduling, and prevention of unauthorized component substitutions. The RFID tag is passive, drawing power from the interrogating reader, and therefore requires no internal battery.

flowchart TD
    A[Lamp Lock Component] --> B(Embedded Passive RFID Tag)
    B -- Unique ID --> C(RFID Reader)
    C -- Transmits Data --> D(Central Database/Asset Management System)
    E[Lamp Housing] -- Engages --> A
    F[Fixture] -- Contains --> A
    D -- Provides --> G{Asset Tracking & Inventory Management}
    G -- Enables --> H(Maintenance Scheduling)
    G -- Prevents --> I(Unauthorized Substitution)

---

Derivative 24.5: Diagnostic Test-Mode Lamp Lock

Enabling Description:
A specialized lamp lock is designed for diagnostic testing and troubleshooting of non-Edison lighting devices or fixtures. This "test-mode" lamp lock features an engagement device where the protrusion is selectively retractable or collapsible via a manual push-button or lever. This allows for partial or temporary mechanical engagement of the lamp housing without fully activating the load-bearing lock. In this mode, electrical connection is made, but the robust mechanical securement is not fully established. This enables technicians to quickly insert and remove lamps for electrical testing, voltage checks, or photometric measurements without the full "twist-and-lock" or "snap-in" commitment, reducing wear on both the lamp lock and the lamp housing's fastening receiver during repeated diagnostic cycles. The socket receiver also includes integrated test points for multimeter probes to access power lines directly.

stateDiagram-v2
    [*] --> Disengaged
    Disengaged --> Insert_Lamp: Lamp Housing Inserted
    Insert_Lamp --> Partial_Electrical_Contact: Non-Edison Socket Engaged
    Partial_Electrical_Contact --> Test_Mode_Active: Protrusion Retracted (Manual)
    Test_Mode_Active --> Diagnostic_Testing: Electrical & Photometric
    Test_Mode_Active --> Full_Lock_Ready: Protrusion Released
    Full_Lock_Ready --> Engaged: Full Mechanical Lock
    Engaged --> Disengaged: Release Lamp (Normal Operation)
    Test_Mode_Active --> Disengaged: Release Lamp (Test Mode)

---

Derivatives for Independent Claim 35: Lamp Housing with Fastening Receiver

Claim 35: A lamp housing of a lighting device having a non-Edison connector, the lamp housing comprising: a top wall from which a non-Edison connector extends; and an outer wall extending from the top wall, the outer wall comprising a fastening receiver for receiving an engagement device within a fixture housing to hold the lighting device in the fixture housing.

---

Derivative 35.1: Biodegradable Polymer Lamp Housing with Integrated Conductive Data Pads

Enabling Description:
A lamp housing for a non-Edison lighting device is fabricated from a biodegradable polymer (e.g., PLA, PHA, or a starch-based composite) to reduce environmental impact. The top wall supports a non-Edison connector. The outer wall comprises a fastening receiver, which is a molded recess designed to accept a protrusion from the fixture's engagement device. Integrally molded into the inner surface of this fastening receiver are small, exposed conductive pads (e.g., graphene-filled polymer composites or metal-filled electro-conductive plastics). These pads are connected to internal lamp circuitry and are configured to establish data communication (e.g., I2C, SPI, or a proprietary low-speed data link) with corresponding contacts on the fixture's engagement device upon mechanical engagement. This allows for bidirectional data exchange, such as sending lamp operational parameters (temperature, runtime) to the fixture or receiving control commands (dimming schedules, color tuning) from the fixture, without requiring additional electrical contacts beyond the main power pins.

classDiagram
    class LampHousing {
        +Material: Biodegradable Polymer
        +TopWall
        +OuterWall
        +NonEdisonConnector
        +FasteningReceiver
        +ConductiveDataPads
        +InternalLampCircuitry
    }
    class FasteningReceiver {
        -MoldedRecess
        +IntegratesDataPads
    }
    class ConductiveDataPads {
        +Material: Graphene/Metal-filled Polymer
        +DataLink (I2C/SPI)
    }
    LampHousing "1" -- "1" TopWall
    LampHousing "1" -- "1" OuterWall
    TopWall "1" -- "1" NonEdisonConnector
    OuterWall "1" -- "1" FasteningReceiver
    FasteningReceiver "1" -- "N" ConductiveDataPads
    ConductiveDataPads "N" -- "1" InternalLampCircuitry

---

Derivative 35.2: Explosive Atmosphere Rated Lamp Housing with Passive Flame Arrestor Receiver

Enabling Description:
This lamp housing is designed for lighting devices intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres (e.g., Zone 1 or Zone 2 hazardous areas, IECEx/ATEX certified). The top wall features a robust, intrinsically safe non-Edison connector. The outer wall, made from a certified non-sparking, antistatic material (e.g., conductive PEEK or specialized aluminum alloy), includes a fastening receiver that doubles as a passive flame arrestor. This receiver is constructed as a precisely dimensioned, tortuous path or a series of sintered metal mesh layers within the recess. Any hot gases or flames generated internally within the lamp housing, should a fault occur, would be cooled and quenched as they attempt to pass through the flame arrestor structure, preventing ignition of the external explosive atmosphere. The external engagement device of the fixture is designed to mate with this unique flame arrestor receiver, ensuring mechanical securement while maintaining the integrity of the explosion protection concept.

graph TD
    A[Lamp Housing (Explosive Atmosphere Rated)] --> B(Top Wall)
    A --> C(Outer Wall)
    B --> D[Intrinsically Safe Non-Edison Connector]
    C --> E{Fastening Receiver / Passive Flame Arrestor}
    E --> F[Tortuous Path / Sintered Metal Mesh]
    E -- Accepts --> G(Engagement Device Protrusion from Fixture)
    H[Internal Fault (Flame/Hot Gas)] -- Contained by --> E
    I[External Explosive Atmosphere] -- Prevented from Ignition by --> E

---

Derivative 35.3: Secure Attachment Module for Medical Instrument Accessories

Enabling Description:
Adapting the lamp housing concept, this derivative describes a secure attachment module for interchangeable accessories on a medical instrument (e.g., an endoscope, surgical handpiece). The "lamp housing" is the accessory module itself (e.g., a biopsy forceps, cautery tip). The "top wall" of the accessory features a standardized medical connector (the "non-Edison connector") for electrical, fluidic, or optical coupling to the main instrument body. The "outer wall" of the accessory module incorporates a precisely machined recess (the "fastening receiver") with undercut features or a specific geometric profile. This receiver is designed to mate with a spring-loaded latch or cam-locking mechanism (the "engagement device") on the main instrument's "fixture housing." This provides a robust, sterile-barrier compatible, load-bearing mechanical connection, ensuring that surgical accessories remain firmly attached during delicate medical procedures and can withstand insertion forces and torque without disengagement. Materials are medical-grade stainless steel or biocompatible polymers.

classDiagram
    class MedicalInstrumentAccessory {
        +TopWall
        +OuterWall
        +StandardizedMedicalConnector (Non-Edison)
        +FasteningReceiver (Milled Recess)
        +Material: Medical-Grade SS/Polymer
    }
    class MainInstrumentBody {
        +FixtureHousing
        +SpringLoadedLatch/CamLock (Engagement Device)
        +MatingMedicalConnector (Non-Edison Socket)
    }
    MedicalInstrumentAccessory "1" -- "1" TopWall
    MedicalInstrumentAccessory "1" -- "1" OuterWall
    TopWall "1" -- "1" StandardizedMedicalConnector
    OuterWall "1" -- "1" FasteningReceiver
    MainInstrumentBody "1" -- "1" SpringLoadedLatch/CamLock
    MainInstrumentBody "1" -- "1" MatingMedicalConnector
    SpringLoadedLatch/CamLock ..> FasteningReceiver : Engages
    MatingMedicalConnector ..> StandardizedMedicalConnector : Mates

---

Derivative 35.4: Environmental Sensing Lamp Housing for Smart Building Integration

Enabling Description:
A lamp housing for a non-Edison lighting device is augmented with integrated environmental sensors, transforming it into a smart building data node. The top wall and non-Edison connector are standard. The outer wall features a fastening receiver for mechanical securement. However, embedded within the outer wall (or within a thin-profile extension of it) are miniature sensors for ambient temperature, humidity, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These sensors are connected to a low-power microcontroller within the lamp housing. Power for these sensors and the microcontroller is drawn from the lamp's internal power supply. The sensor data is then transmitted wirelessly (e.g., via Bluetooth Low Energy or Zigbee) to the fixture or directly to a smart building gateway. This allows the lighting infrastructure to double as an environmental monitoring network, feeding data into building automation systems for HVAC optimization, air quality management, and occupancy sensing, enhancing overall building efficiency and user comfort.

graph TD
    A[Lamp Housing] --> B(Top Wall)
    A --> C(Outer Wall)
    B --> D[Non-Edison Connector]
    C --> E[Fastening Receiver]
    C --> F{Environmental Sensors}
    F --> G[Microcontroller]
    G --> H[Wireless Transceiver (BLE/Zigbee)]
    H -- Transmits Data --> I(Smart Building Gateway / Fixture)
    I -- Integrates Data --> J(Building Automation System)
    J -- Optimizes --> K(HVAC/Air Quality)

---

Derivative 35.5: Tamper-Evident Fastening Receiver for Controlled Access Lighting

Enabling Description:
A lamp housing for non-Edison lighting devices is designed with a tamper-evident fastening receiver for security-critical applications (e.g., correctional facilities, public transportation hubs). The top wall and non-Edison connector are standard, but the outer wall's fastening receiver incorporates a one-time-use or destructible element. This element, such as a thin polymer film, a frangible metallic foil, or a specialized adhesive layer, is applied over the recess of the fastening receiver after initial installation and verified engagement with the fixture's protrusion. Any attempt to disengage the lamp housing without authorization will visibly damage or permanently alter this tamper-evident element, providing clear visual evidence of unauthorized access or tampering. The fixture's engagement device could optionally include a micro-switch that detects the integrity of this tamper-evident element, triggering an alarm if compromised. This feature prevents illicit modification, removal, or theft of lighting devices in sensitive areas.

stateDiagram-v2
    [*] --> Uninstalled
    Uninstalled --> Lamp_Inserted: Mechanical Engagement
    Lamp_Inserted --> Tamper_Evident_Applied: Apply Film/Foil/Adhesive
    Tamper_Evident_Applied --> Locked_Secured: System Monitoring (Optional)

    state Locked_Secured {
        [*] --> Intact
        Intact --> Tampering_Attempt: Unauthorized Access
        Tampering_Attempt --> Compromised: Tamper-Evident Element Damaged
        Compromised --> Alarm_Triggered: (Optional) Micro-switch Detection
        Compromised --> Visual_Evidence: Visible Damage
    }

---

Derivatives for Independent Claim 39: Method of Assembly

Claim 39: A method for assembling a fixture that provides for a non-Edison connection with a lighting device having a non-Edison connector, the method comprising: providing a fixture housing; providing a lamp lock comprising an engagement device for engaging a lamp housing of the lighting device that comprises a non-Edison connector, wherein the lamp housing comprises a fastening receiver for receiving the engagement device of the lamp lock; providing a non-Edison socket engagable with the non-Edison connector; and securing the lamp lock and the non-Edison socket to the fixture housing so that the engagement device of the lamp lock is configured to hold the lamp housing in a position in which the non-Edison socket is engagable with the non-Edison connector of the lamp housing upon insertion of the lamp housing into the fixture housing.

---

Derivative 39.1: Automated Robotic Assembly with Vision-Guided Pick-and-Place

Enabling Description:
A method for assembling the fixture involves fully automated robotic stations. Instead of manual "providing" and "securing," industrial robotic manipulators (e.g., 6-axis articulated robots) are utilized. High-resolution 3D vision systems guide the robots to pick the fixture housing, lamp lock, and non-Edison socket from trays or feeders. The vision system provides real-time positional correction, ensuring sub-millimeter precision during component placement. A force-torque sensor on the robot's end effector monitors insertion forces during the "securing" step, ensuring the lamp lock and socket are correctly seated without damage. AI-driven path planning optimizes the robotic movements for speed and efficiency. The "securing" of the lamp lock to the fixture housing and the non-Edison socket involves automated fastening tools (e.g., robotic screwdrivers, ultrasonic welders for polymer components) integrated into the robotic workflow. This method guarantees consistent assembly quality, high throughput, and reduced labor costs.

flowchart TD
    A[Start Automated Assembly]
    B{Vision System Scans Components}
    C[Robotic Arm 1: Pick Fixture Housing]
    D[Robotic Arm 2: Pick Non-Edison Socket]
    E[Robotic Arm 3: Pick Lamp Lock]
    F{Vision System Guides Socket Placement}
    G[Robotic Arm 2: Insert/Secure Non-Edison Socket to Fixture Housing]
    H{Force Sensor Confirms Socket Seating}
    I{Vision System Guides Lamp Lock Placement}
    J[Robotic Arm 3: Insert/Secure Lamp Lock to Fixture Housing]
    K{Force Sensor Confirms Lamp Lock Seating}
    L[End Automated Assembly]

    A --> B
    B --> C
    B --> D
    B --> E
    C --> F
    D --> F
    F --> G
    G --> H
    H --> I
    E --> I
    I --> J
    J --> K
    K --> L

---

Derivative 39.2: Remote Drone-Assisted Assembly for Hazardous Environments

Enabling Description:
This assembly method is adapted for fixtures installed in hazardous or inaccessible environments (e.g., chemical plants, high-altitude structures, confined spaces). Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs or drones) equipped with specialized robotic manipulators are employed. The method comprises: a drone providing a fixture housing to an installation site; another drone providing a pre-assembled lamp lock and non-Edison socket module; and a third drone utilizing precision manipulation and vision guidance to remotely "secure" the lamp lock/socket module to the fixture housing. The drones use LiDAR for 3D mapping and collision avoidance, and machine vision for fine-grained alignment and engagement verification. Inductive charging pads on the drones and fixtures minimize the need for manual battery swaps. This method reduces human exposure to risk and enables installation in challenging locations.

sequenceDiagram
    participant D1 as Drone 1 (Housing)
    participant D2 as Drone 2 (Lamp Lock + Socket)
    participant D3 as Drone 3 (Assembly)
    participant FH as Fixture Housing
    participant LL_S as Lamp Lock & Socket Module
    participant IS as Installation Site

    D1->>IS: Transport FH to IS
    D2->>IS: Transport LL_S to IS
    D3->>IS: Approach FH & LL_S with Manipulator
    D3->>LL_S: Grasp LL_S
    D3->>FH: Align LL_S with FH (Vision Guidance)
    D3->>FH: Secure LL_S to FH (Robotic Manipulation)
    D3->>D3: Verify Engagement (Force Feedback / Vision)
    D3->>IS: Complete Assembly

---

Derivative 39.3: Modular Assembly Method for Aircraft Interior Components

Enabling Description:
Applying the assembly method to aircraft interior components, this derivative outlines the process for installing modular cabin elements. The "fixture housing" is a structural frame within the aircraft fuselage. The "lamp lock" is a quick-release mounting bracket, and the "non-Edison socket" is a standardized aerospace electrical connector. The method involves: providing a structural frame (fixture housing) within the aircraft; providing a modular cabin component (e.g., an overhead bin, galley unit) that includes an integrated quick-release mounting bracket (lamp lock) and a mating aerospace electrical connector (non-Edison connector); and then rapidly securing the quick-release mounting bracket to attachment points on the structural frame, simultaneously engaging the aerospace electrical connector. This "securing" process utilizes quarter-turn fasteners or cam-actuated latches for fast, tool-less assembly, essential for efficient aircraft manufacturing and maintenance, where components often need to be installed and removed quickly. The load-bearing connection ensures safety and stability during flight.

flowchart TD
    A[Provide Aircraft Structural Frame (Fixture Housing)] --> B[Provide Modular Cabin Component (Lamp Housing)]
    B --> C(Integrated Quick-Release Bracket / Lamp Lock)
    B --> D(Mating Aerospace Connector / Non-Edison Connector)
    C -- Secures to --> E(Attachment Points on Frame)
    D -- Engages --> F(Standardized Aerospace Electrical Connector / Non-Edison Socket)
    E -- Provides Load Bearing --> F
    F --> G[Rapid, Tool-less Assembly]

---

Derivative 39.4: Blockchain-Verified Supply Chain Assembly Method

Enabling Description:
This method integrates blockchain technology to provide an immutable and transparent record of the fixture assembly process and component origins. For each step of "providing" and "securing" the fixture housing, lamp lock, and non-Edison socket, cryptographic hashes of manufacturing data (e.g., component serial numbers, material batches, assembly technician IDs, quality control inspection results, timestamped robotic assembly logs) are written to a distributed ledger. Each component (fixture housing, lamp lock, non-Edison socket) is tagged with a unique digital identifier (e.g., QR code, NFC tag) that, when scanned at each assembly stage, creates a transaction record on the blockchain. This ensures end-to-end traceability from raw materials to final assembly. The "securing" step, once verified by a quality assurance sensor (e.g., torque sensor on a robotic fastener), triggers a smart contract that automatically updates the product's digital twin on the blockchain, confirming proper assembly and preventing the introduction of counterfeit components or undocumented processes.

sequenceDiagram
    participant RM as Raw Material Supplier
    participant CMFG as Component Manufacturer
    participant ASM as Assembly Station
    participant QC as Quality Control Sensor
    participant BC as Blockchain Network

    RM->>CMFG: Supply Raw Materials
    CMFG->>CMFG: Manufacture Components (FH, LL, NS)
    CMFG->>BC: Record Component IDs & Material Data (Tx1)
    CMFG->>ASM: Deliver Components
    ASM->>ASM: Scan FH, LL, NS IDs
    ASM->>BC: Record "Provided" Status (Tx2)
    ASM->>ASM: Assemble Components
    ASM->>QC: Verify "Securing" (e.g., Torque, Force)
    QC->>BC: Record "Secured" Status & Verification (Tx3 - Smart Contract)
    BC->>BC: Immutable Ledger Updated
    BC->>ASM: Confirmation

---

Derivative 39.5: Automated Disassembly and Recycling Method

Enabling Description:
An "inverse" method for the lifecycle management of fixtures and lighting devices, focusing on automated disassembly for recycling. This method builds upon the original assembly by outlining specific steps for systematic deconstruction. It comprises:

1. Providing a fully assembled fixture with an engaged lamp housing to an automated disassembly station.
2. Actuating the lamp lock's engagement device to release the lamp housing (e.g., via robotic pressure, mechanical levers, or remote signal if the lamp lock is actuated).
3. Separating the lamp housing from the fixture.
4. Disengaging the non-Edison socket from the fixture housing (e.g., by automatically removing fasteners or releasing snap-fits).
5. Separating the lamp lock from the fixture housing.
   This method is executed by robotic arms equipped with specialized tools (e.g., impact drivers for screws, prying tools for snap-fits, grippers) guided by machine vision. Components are then sorted into distinct streams for recycling (e.g., metals, polymers, electronics). The lamp lock's design (e.g., using reversible snap-fits, or easily accessible fasteners) is optimized for this automated disassembly, promoting circular economy principles.

flowchart TD
    A[Start Automated Disassembly]
    B[Provide Assembled Fixture + Lamp Housing]
    C{Robotic Arm 1: Actuate Lamp Lock Release}
    D[Separate Lamp Housing]
    E{Robotic Arm 2: Disengage Non-Edison Socket}
    F[Separate Non-Edison Socket]
    G{Robotic Arm 3: Disengage Lamp Lock}
    H[Separate Lamp Lock]
    I[Sort Components for Recycling]
    J[End Automated Disassembly]

    A --> B
    B --> C
    C --> D
    D --> E
    E --> F
    F --> G
    G --> H
    H --> I
    I --> J

---

Combination Prior Art Scenarios with Open-Source Standards

These scenarios illustrate how the concepts within US8435060 (load-bearing non-Edison connection, lamp lock, lamp housing with receiver) could be combined with existing open-source standards, thereby contributing to the public domain and potentially rendering future advancements obvious.

1. Integration with Open-Source IoT Lighting Platform (ESPHome/MQTT)

Description: A lighting fixture designed according to US8435060 (e.g., Claim 1 or 12) is combined with an open-source IoT control platform. The fixture's engagement device (protrusion/fastening receiver) is augmented with a simple, low-cost micro-switch or Hall effect sensor that detects the physical engagement state (locked/unlocked) of the lamp housing. This sensor is connected to a small, embedded microcontroller board (e.g., an ESP32 or ESP8266) running the open-source ESPHome firmware. The ESPHome configuration is set up to publish the real-time engagement status (e.g., a boolean "locked" state) via the MQTT protocol to a local home automation server (e.g., Home Assistant) or a cloud-based MQTT broker. This allows for digital monitoring of the physical security of the lamp, enabling alerts for loose connections or unauthorized removals, and integrating the mechanical securement state into smart lighting automation routines.

graph TD
    A[Fixture (US8435060)] --> B(Engagement Device)
    B --> C[Micro-Switch / Hall Effect Sensor]
    C --> D[ESP32/ESP8266 Microcontroller]
    D -- Runs --> E[ESPHome Firmware]
    E -- Publishes (MQTT) --> F[MQTT Broker]
    F --> G[Home Automation System / Cloud Platform]
    G -- Monitors --> H(Lamp Engagement Status)

---

2. Physical Interface for Zhaga-D4i Certified LED Luminaires

Description: The lamp housing (Claim 35) and fixture (Claim 12, with a lamp lock) of US8435060 are designed to accommodate Zhaga-D4i certified LED light engines or modules. A Zhaga Book-defined physical interface for LED modules (ee.g., Zhaga Book 18 or 20 for outdoor luminaires) is incorporated into the non-Edison connector area of the lamp housing. The fastening receiver on the lamp housing's outer wall is precisely positioned and dimensioned to work in conjunction with the Zhaga-defined electrical and mechanical connection points. The fixture's lamp lock, with its engagement device and protrusion, provides the load-bearing mechanical retention that complements the Zhaga-D4i standard's inherent electrical and optical coupling, ensuring the entire LED luminaire assembly is robustly secured against vibration and external forces, extending the standard's utility to demanding physical environments. This combination offers a standardized intelligent lighting solution with enhanced physical securement.

classDiagram
    class Fixture_US8435060 {
        +FixtureHousing
        +LampLock
        +EngagementDevice
    }
    class LampHousing_US8435060 {
        +TopWall
        +OuterWall
        +FasteningReceiver
    }
    class ZhagaD4iLEDModule {
        +ZhagaPhysicalInterface
        +D4iControlInterface
    }
    Fixture_US8435060 "1" -- "1" LampLock
    LampHousing_US8435060 "1" -- "1" ZhagaD4iLEDModule : Integrates
    LampLock "1" -- "1" EngagementDevice
    EngagementDevice ..> LampHousing_US8435060 : Engages FasteningReceiver
    Fixture_US8435060 -- ZhagaD4iLEDModule : Mates Electrically/Optically
    ZhagaD4iLEDModule "1" -- "1" D4iControlInterface

---

3. Load-Bearing GU-24 Connection with OPC UA Integration

Description: A GU-24 compatible fixture (Claim 12) with its lamp lock and engagement device is implemented in an industrial setting. The fixture is equipped with an industrial gateway that integrates with a factory-wide OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA) communication standard. The status of the lamp lock's engagement device (i.e., whether the lamp housing is securely fastened) is monitored by a local sensor (e.g., a limit switch or optical sensor) connected to the gateway. This engagement status, along with other fixture diagnostics (e.g., power consumption, operating hours), is exposed as an OPC UA data point in the factory's supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system. This allows for real-time monitoring of the physical integrity of the lighting installations, enabling proactive maintenance, safety warnings, and integration into broader industrial automation processes. The OPC UA server running on the gateway provides a standardized, interoperable interface for data exchange across different vendors' systems.

graph TD
    A[GU-24 Fixture (US8435060)] --> B(Lamp Lock)
    B --> C[Engagement Device]
    C --> D[Limit Switch / Optical Sensor]
    D --> E[Industrial Gateway]
    E -- OPC UA Server --> F[OPC UA Network]
    F --> G[SCADA System / Factory Automation]
    G -- Monitors --> H(Lamp Lock Engagement Status)
    A -- Provides --> I(Fixture Diagnostics)
    I --> E