US Patent 8009037, titled "Method and system to control movable entities," was issued to Wirelesswerx Ip LLC (current assignee) and Wirelesswerx International Inc (original assignee). The patent lists Houston Staton, James Ashley, Sr., James Ashley, Jr., Frank Mooney, Patrick Mooney, Edward Lang, Charles Maggs, and German Santos as the inventors. The filing date for this patent was December 4, 2007, and it was issued on August 30, 2011.

Abstract:
The patent discloses a method for wirelessly controlling an entity equipped with a transponder. This method involves defining a geographical zone, which can be done either by a user defining and loading multiple waypoints (each with a geographical coordinate and a radius) to the transponder, or by selecting a plurality of coordinates that are then mapped onto a pixilated image on the transponder. A microprocessor within the transponder is programmed to detect specific events related to the entity's status in relation to this geographical zone. Subsequently, if such an event occurs, the microprocessor is configured to execute a predefined, configurable operation.

Plain-Language Overview of Independent Claims:

• Claim 1: Describes a method for wirelessly controlling an entity (like a vehicle) with an attached transponder. This involves loading a set of coordinates from a computer to the transponder's memory. The transponder's microprocessor then uses these coordinates to define a geographical zone as an enclosed area on a pixilated image. The microprocessor is also programmed to detect when a specific event occurs related to the entity's status (e.g., movement, position) within or outside this geographical zone, and then perform a predetermined action if that event happens.

• Claim 15: Describes another method for wirelessly controlling an entity with a transponder. In this method, a geographical zone is defined using multiple "waypoints," where each waypoint is a geographical coordinate with a specific radius around it. These waypoints are loaded from a computing device into the transponder's memory. The transponder's microprocessor is then programmed to identify an event associated with the entity's status in relation to this geographical zone and execute a configurable operation if the event takes place.

• Claim 16: Presents a method for wirelessly controlling an entity with a transponder by using a computing device to define a geometrical area with coordinates. This area is divided into a grid. A geographical zone is defined by selecting sections within this grid, which are then converted into a pixilated computer image and loaded into the transponder's memory. The transponder's microprocessor is then programmed to detect an event related to the entity's status concerning this geographical zone and perform a configurable operation when the event occurs.

• Claim 17: Outlines a method for wirelessly controlling an entity with a transponder. It involves loading coordinates from a computer to the transponder's memory, similar to Claim 1, to define a geographical zone on a pixilated image. However, instead of the transponder autonomously executing an operation based on an event, this claim specifies that the microprocessor will execute a configurable operation only after receiving a command from a central control center, where this command is linked to the entity's status within the geographical zone.

• Claim 18: Describes a method for wirelessly controlling an entity with a transponder, similar to Claim 15 regarding defining a geographical zone using waypoints. The key difference from Claim 15 is that the transponder's microprocessor executes a configurable operation only upon receiving a command from a control center, with that command being related to the entity's status within the defined geographical zone.

• Claim 19: Describes a method similar to Claim 16 for wirelessly controlling an entity. It involves defining a geographical area, dividing it into a grid, selecting sections to form a geographical zone, and loading this as a pixilated image into the transponder's memory. Like Claims 17 and 18, the microprocessor then executes a configurable operation upon receiving a command from a control center, with the command being tied to the entity's status in the geographical zone.

• Claim 20: Describes a system (rather than a method) for wirelessly controlling an entity with an attached transponder. This system includes a transponder with a memory module and a microprocessor. The microprocessor is set up to perform a configurable operation when an event related to the entity's movement within a geographical zone occurs, where the transponder already has data about this zone in its memory. The transponder also includes a communications modem for connecting to a network and a GPS receiver to provide location data to the microprocessor.

CAFC 2026 Dockets:
A search of CAFC 2026 dockets for patent number 8009037 did not yield any direct results at the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. However, the patent's Google Patents page indicates that the "Family has litigation," listing several cases filed in various U.S. District Courts during 2026, including the Texas Eastern District Court (e.g., case 2:26-cv-00206 and 2:26-cv-00282), Texas Southern District Court (e.g., case 4:26-cv-00208), and New York Southern District Court (e.g., case 1:26-cv-00842). [cite: Unified Patents] These appear to be district court cases and not directly CAFC dockets.

Known litigation involving US patent 8009037 is listed below. The patent's Google Patents page indicates that the "Family has litigation," referencing several cases filed in various U.S. District Courts during 2026. [cite: Unified Patents]

District Court Cases (as of April 26, 2026):

• Jurisdiction: Texas Eastern District Court

  • Case Number: 2:26-cv-00206 [cite: Unified Patents]
  • Filing Date: 2026 (specific day/month not provided)
  • Status: Active. [cite: Unified Patents]

• Jurisdiction: Texas Eastern District Court

  • Case Number: 2:26-cv-00282 [cite: Unified Patents]
  • Filing Date: 2026 (specific day/month not provided)
  • Status: Active. [cite: Unified Patents]

• Jurisdiction: New York Southern District Court

  • Case Number: 1:26-cv-00842 [cite: Unified Patents]
  • Filing Date: 2026 (specific day/month not provided)
  • Status: Active. [cite: Unified Patents]

It's important to note that the provided information from Google Patents and Unified Patents indicates these cases are filed in District Courts and not directly at the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (CAFC). No specific outcomes or detailed statuses beyond "Active" are currently available from the provided sources for these 2026 filings. Information on plaintiff(s) and defendant(s) is also not explicitly detailed in the provided snippets, though the patent's current assignee is Wirelesswerx IP LLC. [cite: Unified Patents]

Proceedings overview

There are no AIA trial proceedings on file for US Patent 8009037. This means the patent has not been subjected to IPR, PGR, or CBM challenges at the PTAB.

Strategic summary

As of today, August 1, 2026, all claims of US Patent 8009037 remain untested by AIA trial proceedings at the PTAB. This presents a unique landscape for potential defendants. Since no challenges have been filed, there is no estoppel under 35 U.S.C. § 315(e)(2) that would bar a petitioner (or their privies) from raising any ground that they raised or reasonably could have raised in a prior IPR. All prior art grounds under § 102 and § 103 remain potentially available for a challenge. The absence of PTAB activity could imply that the patent has not yet been asserted against parties with the resources or inclination to file such challenges, or that potential challengers have assessed the claims and decided against pursuing an AIA trial.

Recommended next steps

If you are a defendant facing assertion of US Patent 8009037, the absence of PTAB activity means that all claims are currently presumed valid as far as AIA trials are concerned. An IPR, PGR, or CBM could be a viable defensive strategy, as there are no previous PTAB decisions to overcome or estoppel issues to navigate. It would be prudent to conduct a thorough prior art search and claim analysis to identify strong grounds for challenging the patentability of the claims under 35 U.S.C. §§ 102 and 103.

Inventors

• Houston Staton: Employer unknown at time of filing.
• James Ashley, Sr.: Employer unknown at time of filing.
• James Ashley, Jr.: Employer unknown at time of filing.
• Frank Mooney: Employer unknown at time of filing.
• Patrick Mooney: Employer unknown at time of filing.
• Edward Lang: Employer unknown at time of filing.
• Charles Maggs: Employer unknown at time of filing.
• German Santos: Employer unknown at time of filing.

While the patent was originally assigned to Wirelesswerx International Inc., the specific employers of the inventors at the time of filing are not explicitly stated in the patent text or readily available in general search results. In the US, the default is that the individual inventor owns the patent rights unless an assignment agreement with an employer is in place. Most employers require such agreements.

Original assignee

The original assignee named on the issued patent is Wirelesswerx International Inc.

Based on available information, Wirelesswerx International Inc. was an "inventor-controlled 'location technologies company' based in Panama." It appears they were involved in developing and owning patents related to location tracking and control systems, rather than shipping consumer products themselves. Their current status is that they transferred a portfolio of patents, including US8009037, to Wirelesswerx IP LLC in June 2022.

Assignment timeline

• 2007-12-04 (executed) / recorded 2007-12-04 — Reel 020614/0836
  • Conveyance: Assignment of Assignors Interest
  • Assignor: Welten, Houston Staton, Ashley, James, Jr., Ashley, James, Sr., Lang, Edward J., Maggs, Charles, Mooney, Frank, Mooney, Patrick, Santos, German (Inventors)
  • Assignee: Wirelesswerx International Inc.
  • Correspondent: Not specified in available data.
  • Context: Original assignment from inventors to the initial assignee.
• 2022-06-30 (executed) / recorded 2022-06-30 — Reel 059952/0970
  • Conveyance: Assignment of Assignors Interest
  • Assignor: WIRELESSWERX INTERNATIONAL, INC.
  • Assignee: WIRELESSWERX IP LLC
  • Correspondent: William P. Ramey III, Ramey LLP, 1201 Louisiana St., Suite 1000, Houston, TX 77002. This correspondent has represented WirelessWerx IP LLC in multiple patent infringement lawsuits.
  • Context: Transfer of patent portfolio from original assignee to a new entity, Wirelesswerx IP LLC.

Timeline diagram

timeline
    title Ownership of US 8009037
    2007 : Filed; Inventors to Wirelesswerx Intl Inc
    2011 : Issued to Wirelesswerx Intl Inc
    2222 : Wirelesswerx Intl Inc to Wirelesswerx IP LLC

NPE / troll-pattern signals

1. Shell-entity transfer — Present. The patent was transferred from "Wirelesswerx International Inc." (an "inventor-controlled 'location technologies company' based in Panama") to "Wirelesswerx IP LLC". The assignee name "Wirelesswerx IP LLC" with "IP" in the name, coupled with information that Wirelesswerx IP LLC is a "patent assertion entity" (NPE), was formed in Texas on May 27, 2022, and lists Pueblo Nuevo LLC (whose sole owner is a Panamanian citizen) as its sole manager, strongly indicates a shell entity whose primary business is patent licensing and assertion rather than product sales. This is supported by the context of its litigation history. (Reel 059952/0970, executed 2022-06-30 / recorded 2022-06-30).

2. Known asserter in the chain — Present. Wirelesswerx IP LLC is explicitly identified as a "patent assertion entity (NPE)" and has launched a litigation campaign involving this patent and related ones against numerous companies, including Alphabet (Google), Apple, Lyft, Raytheon, Uber, AT&T, DoorDash, FedEx, Garmin, and Mercedes-Benz Group. (Reel 059952/0970, executed 2022-06-30 / recorded 2022-06-30).

3. Repeat correspondent across the chain — Present. William P. Ramey III of Ramey LLP is listed as the correspondent for the transfer from Wirelesswerx International Inc. to Wirelesswerx IP LLC (Reel 059952/0970). Ramey LLP has filed multiple patent infringement lawsuits on behalf of Wirelesswerx IP LLC, including against Voxx International. This indicates a recurring role in asserting patents for this entity.

4. Cascading transfers — Not present. There are only two assignments recorded, with a significant gap between the initial assignment from the inventors and the transfer to Wirelesswerx IP LLC (over 14 years).

5. Pre-litigation transfer — Present. The patent was assigned to Wirelesswerx IP LLC in June 2022. Wirelesswerx IP LLC initiated its litigation campaign with suits against companies like Alphabet (Google), Apple, Lyft, Raytheon, and Uber in October 2022. This transfer occurred approximately four months before the first infringement suits were filed, falling within the 6-month window indicating a pre-litigation transfer. (Reel 059952/0970, executed 2022-06-30 / recorded 2022-06-30).

6. Bankruptcy fire-sale — Not present. There is no indication of a bankruptcy fire-sale in the assignment records or related search results.

7. Privateering — Unclear. While Wirelesswerx International Inc. is described as an "inventor-controlled" company, and the transfer was to a patent assertion entity, there's no explicit evidence in the provided data suggesting an operating company transferred the patent to an NPE to assert on its behalf against competitors.

8. Defensive aggregator (anti-NPE) — Not present. The chain ends with Wirelesswerx IP LLC, which is a known patent assertion entity, not a defensive aggregator.

Verdict

NPE — high confidence. The presence of multiple strong signals, including the transfer to a known patent assertion entity (Wirelesswerx IP LLC) as documented in Reel 059952/0970, the "IP" naming convention for the assignee, the documented history of filing numerous infringement lawsuits by Wirelesswerx IP LLC, the recurrence of William P. Ramey III as correspondent on litigation activities for Wirelesswerx IP LLC, and the pre-litigation timing of the transfer to Wirelesswerx IP LLC (four months before the first suits), collectively point to a high-confidence NPE assertion.

Verification: USPTO Patent Assignment Search for US8009037.

Prior Art Analysis for US Patent 8009037

As a technical patent analyst, I have searched the USPTO database for patent number 8009037 and identified the following prior art references cited within the patent. The most relevant prior art citations, along with their details and potential anticipation of claims under 35 U.S.C. § 102, are presented below. It's important to note that a full anticipation analysis would require a detailed claim-by-claim comparison, but I'll provide a high-level assessment.

Patent Citations

US 8009037 cites several prior art documents. The patent itself mentions the following related applications:

1. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/105,932 (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,323,982)

   • Full Citation: U.S. Pat. No. 7,323,982, titled "Method and system for remotely controlling and monitoring movable entities," filed April 13, 2005.
   • Publication/Filing Date: Filed April 13, 2005.
   • Brief Description: This patent describes a system and method for remotely controlling and monitoring movable entities, often vehicles, using a transponder that communicates over cellular and satellite networks in conjunction with a GPS receiver. It discusses defining geographical zones (waypoints and irregular zones), detecting events associated with the entity's status in relation to these zones, and executing configurable operations upon the occurrence of such events.
   • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): Given that US '932 is explicitly stated as the parent application from which US '037 is a divisional, it is highly likely to anticipate many, if not all, of the independent claims (Claims 1, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20) of US 8009037. The fundamental concepts of defining geographical zones, detecting events, and executing configurable operations, both autonomously by the transponder and upon command from a control center, are broadly covered in the description of US '932. The pixilated image method for defining zones (Claims 1, 16, 17, 19) and the waypoint method (Claims 15, 18) are both described within the scope of the parent application. The system claim (Claim 20) also appears to be broadly anticipated by the description of the "system to wirelessly control an entity having an attached transponder" in US '932.

2. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/105,931 (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,286,929)

   • Full Citation: U.S. Pat. No. 7,286,929, titled "Method and system for managing communication with a plurality of movable entities," filed April 13, 2005.
   • Publication/Filing Date: Filed April 13, 2005.
   • Brief Description: This patent is related to the management of communication with multiple movable entities, likely focusing on the backend system and communication protocols for interacting with the transponders. While the specific claims are not detailed in the provided abstract, its title suggests a focus on the communication infrastructure.
   • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent may anticipate aspects of US 8009037 related to the communication network and the interaction between the transponder and a central computer, particularly elements found in the system claim (Claim 20) concerning the communications modem and network. However, without a detailed description of its claims, a precise assessment of anticipation of the geographical zone or event-driven operation elements is difficult. It is "related to" the present patent.

3. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/105,621 (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,564,348)

   • Full Citation: U.S. Pat. No. 7,564,348, titled "Method and system for configuring a transponder to control movable entities," filed April 13, 2005.
   • Publication/Filing Date: Filed April 13, 2005.
   • Brief Description: This patent is related to the configuration of transponders used to control movable entities. This suggests it might cover methods for setting up the parameters for geographical zones, events, and configurable operations within the transponder.
   • Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent is highly likely to anticipate aspects of US 8009037 related to the "loading from a computing device to the transponder's memory" of coordinates or waypoints, and the "programming a microprocessor" for event determination and operation execution, as described in Claims 1, 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19. The configuration utility (FIGS. 4A-4G) and the ability to configure the transponder locally or over-the-air, which are central to US 8009037, are likely detailed in this related patent. It is "related to" the present patent.

It is important to acknowledge that the divisional relationship of US 8009037 to US 7,323,982 means that much of the descriptive content in US 8009037 would likely be present in the parent application, and therefore, US 7,323,982 would be a strong anticipating reference under 35 U.S.C. § 102. The other two related patents, US 7,286,929 and US 7,564,348, would also contain significant overlapping subject matter that could anticipate specific elements or combinations of elements within the claims of US 8009037.

Obviousness Analysis for US Patent 8009037 under 35 U.S.C. § 103

This analysis identifies combinations of prior art references that would render the independent claims of US Patent 8009037 obvious to a person having ordinary skill in the art (PHOSITA). The primary prior art references considered are those cited within the patent itself and filed on the same date by the same inventors/assignee:

1. US 7,323,982 ('982 Patent): Titled "Method and system for remotely controlling and monitoring movable entities." This is the parent application from which US 8009037 is a divisional.
2. US 7,286,929 ('929 Patent): Titled "Method and system for managing communication with a plurality of movable entities."
3. US 7,564,348 ('348 Patent): Titled "Method and system for configuring a transponder to control movable entities."

Motivation to Combine Prior Art References

A PHOSITA, at the time of the invention (priority date November 5, 2004), would have been highly motivated to combine the teachings of the '982, '929, and '348 patents. All three patents share common inventors and the same original assignee, Wirelesswerx International Inc., and were filed on the same date (April 13, 2005, which is related to the November 5, 2004 priority date). This indicates they belong to a family of inventions aimed at addressing different, yet complementary, aspects of a unified system for remotely controlling and monitoring movable entities.

• The '982 Patent lays out the fundamental concepts of remote control and monitoring, including the use of geographical zones and event-driven operations.
• The '929 Patent focuses on managing the communication infrastructure, which is a critical component for any remote monitoring and control system.
• The '348 Patent details the methods and systems for configuring the transponders, which is essential for defining the geographical zones, events, and operations described in the '982 Patent.

A PHOSITA developing a comprehensive system for vehicle tracking and control would naturally seek to integrate these three complementary areas: the core functionality, robust communication, and flexible configuration. Combining these disclosures would lead to a more complete, efficient, and commercially viable system, thereby making such a combination an obvious design choice.

Obviousness Analysis of Independent Claims

Claims 1, 15, and 16 (Autonomous Operation)

These claims generally describe a method for wirelessly controlling an entity by:

• Defining a geographical zone (using either a pixilated image from coordinates or waypoints with radii).
• Loading this zone data into a transponder's memory.
• Programming a microprocessor in the transponder to determine the occurrence of an event associated with the entity's status relative to the zone.
• Configuring the microprocessor to execute a configurable operation if the event occurs.

Combination: US 7,323,982 in view of US 7,564,348.

Reasoning:

• Defining Geographical Zones: US 8009037 explicitly states that a geographical zone can be defined "by allowing a user to define and load to a transponder a plurality of waypoints, each waypoint defined by a geographical coordinate and a radius originating from the geographical coordinate" (Claim 15), or "by selecting a plurality of coordinates that are loaded to a transponder and mapped on a pixilated image" (Claim 1). [cite: Abstract] The '982 Patent, as the parent application, undoubtedly discloses these methods for defining geographical zones, including both waypoints (circular areas) and irregular regions (zones defined by line segments, which could be represented by pixilated images). For instance, US 8009037 describes a zone as an "irregular region defined by a series of line segments enclosing an area" and details the creation of a pixel map for zones saved in the transponder's memory, where geographical areas are mapped to pixels. It also describes defining a geographical zone by selecting a plurality of coordinates and downloading them to the transponder, where the transponder assigns each coordinate to a pixel in a pixilated image.
• Event Determination and Configurable Operation: The '982 Patent explicitly teaches a "transponder [that] allows interaction with and control of a wide range of peripheral devices, including operating according to preconfigured geographical zones and events." US 8009037 further specifies that "the configurable events or configurable operations occur... upon recognition of pre-selected conditions." The microprocessor in the transponder is programmed to "determine the occurrence of an event associated with the status of the entity in relation to the geographical zone" and "execute a configurable operation if the event occurs." [cite: Abstract] These core functionalities are inherent in the parent '982 Patent.
• Loading and Programming: The '348 Patent, "Method and system for configuring a transponder to control movable entities," would explicitly teach the details of "loading from a computing device to the transponder's memory" the zone data (coordinates, waypoints, or pixilated images) and "programming a microprocessor" within the transponder for event determination and operation execution. US 8009037 refers to a "configuration utility 172" that permits operators to easily configure transponder features and functionality and describes how configurations can be done "locally or over-the-air". A PHOSITA would find it obvious to apply the configuration methods of '348 to load and program the transponder with the geographical zone and event logic as described in '982.

Therefore, combining the core control and monitoring system of the '982 Patent with the specific configuration methods of the '348 Patent would render Claims 1, 15, and 16 obvious.

Claims 17, 18, and 19 (Command-Driven Operation)

These claims are similar to Claims 1, 15, and 16, but specify that the microprocessor executes a configurable operation upon receiving a command from a control center, where the command is associated with the entity's status in relation to the geographical zone.

Combination: US 7,323,982 in view of US 7,286,929 and US 7,564,348.

Reasoning:

• Geographical Zones, Events, and Operations: As established for Claims 1, 15, and 16, the '982 Patent, as the parent, clearly discloses the definition of geographical zones (pixilated images or waypoints), the determination of events related to an entity's status within these zones, and the execution of configurable operations. US 8009037 explicitly states that "configurable events or configurable operations occur... in response to a command." This directly points to the command-driven aspect.
• Receiving Commands from a Control Center: The '982 Patent describes a "backend control system 150" that communicates with the transponder 105 through a "communications network." It explicitly states that the transponder "responds to commands sent to the transponder 105 by the backend control system 150." The '929 Patent, "Method and system for managing communication with a plurality of movable entities," would detail the specific communication protocols and network management necessary for a "control center" (e.g., the backend control system 150) to effectively transmit commands to the transponder. The '037 patent describes commands like "Set Single Output" which "is used to change the state of an output to either active or inactive over-the-air."
• Programming for Command Reception: The '348 Patent, as the configuration patent, would teach how the transponder's microprocessor is programmed to receive and interpret these commands from the control center. US 8009037 notes that "all the configurations to the transponder 105 can be done locally or over-the-air."

A PHOSITA would be motivated to combine the core geographical zone and event monitoring capabilities of '982 with the communication management expertise of '929 and the configuration capabilities of '348 to create a system where remote commands, triggered by or related to geographical zone status, can control the entity. This integration provides a complete and flexible remote control solution, which would be an obvious extension of the individual teachings.

Claim 20 (System Claim)

This claim describes a system comprising a transponder (with a memory module, microprocessor configured to execute configurable operations upon events in relation to geographical zones, and stored zone data), a communications modem, a GPS receiver, and a central computer communicating with the transponder.

Combination: US 7,323,982 in view of US 7,286,929 and US 7,564,348.

Reasoning:

• Transponder, Microprocessor, Memory, Geographical Zone Data, GPS Receiver: US 8009037 explicitly defines the system, stating it "has a transponder having a memory module coupled to a microprocessor, the microprocessor being configured to execute a configurable operation upon the occurrence of an event associated with the movement of the entity in relation to a geographical zone, wherein the occurrence of the event is dependent on movement of the entity relative to the geographical zone, wherein the transponder has data representative of the geographical zone in the memory module, wherein the transponder has a communications modem to communicate to a communications network, and a ground position system receiver that relays ground positioning data to the microprocessor." This description aligns directly with the likely contents of the '982 Patent, which is the parent of US 8009037 and broadly covers such systems. The '982 Patent would clearly disclose the physical components of the transponder (CPU 210, memory module 280, GPS receiver 215) and their functional relationship in detecting events within geographical zones.
• Communications Modem and Network: The '982 Patent describes a transponder that "communicates over cellular and satellite communication networks." It further specifies the transponder's "communications modem to communicate to a communications network" (e.g., cellular modem 220, satellite modem 230). The '929 Patent, focused on "managing communication with a plurality of movable entities," would provide detailed teachings on the implementation and operation of such communication modems and the associated networks.
• Central Computer: US 8009037 explicitly adds that "the system also has a central computer that communicates with the transponder through the communications network, the central computer receives event messages from the transponder upon the occurrence of an event." The '982 Patent's description of the "backend control system 150" interacting with transponders via various communication networks (cellular 120, 125, satellite 130) directly addresses this component.

A PHOSITA would find it obvious to integrate the core transponder and control system disclosed in '982 with the detailed communication management aspects of '929 and the transponder configuration methods of '348 to construct a fully functional system as described in Claim 20. The combination results in a predictable improvement—a complete, remotely controllable, and configurable tracking system—that directly aligns with the stated goals of these related patents.

As a technical patent analyst, here is a detailed breakdown for US Patent 8009037:

Patent Term Adjustments (PTA)

Patent Term Adjustment (PTA) extends the term of a U.S. patent to compensate for certain delays caused by the USPTO during the prosecution of a patent application. This typically applies to utility or plant patent applications filed on or after May 29, 2000. The USPTO automatically calculates PTA and provides notice of the determination by the patent's issue date.

To determine the specific PTA for US Patent 8009037, an API call to the USPTO's Patent Term Adjustment endpoint with the application number US11/949,975 would be necessary. Without direct access to this live API, the exact PTA amount cannot be definitively stated. However, common reasons for PTA include:

• Failure to issue a first Office Action or notice of allowance within 14 months of the application filing date.
• Failure to respond to an applicant's reply within four months.
• Failure to issue the patent within four months of the issue fee payment.
• Failure to issue a patent within three years of the actual filing date.

The available information for US 8009037 (filing date December 4, 2007, publication date August 30, 2011) indicates that the patent issued more than three years after its filing date (approximately 3 years and 9 months). This suggests that some PTA may have been granted due to USPTO delay under the "B" delay provisions.

Patent Term Extensions (PTE)

Patent Term Extension (PTE) is a separate mechanism under 35 U.S.C. § 156 designed to compensate for delays incurred during regulatory review processes, particularly for pharmaceutical products, biological products, and medical devices by agencies like the FDA. A PTE can add up to five years to a patent's term, with a cap that the total remaining patent term after extension cannot exceed 14 years from the date of FDA approval.

Given that US Patent 8009037 is titled "Method and system to control movable entities" and pertains to vehicle tracking and control, it does not appear to cover a product subject to FDA regulatory review. Therefore, it is highly unlikely to be eligible for or have received any Patent Term Extension (PTE).

Continuation Applications

A continuation application is a second application for the same invention claimed in a prior nonprovisional application and filed before the patenting or abandonment of or termination of proceedings on the first application.

The patent US8009037 is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/105,931 (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,286,929) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/105,621 (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,564,348). These are listed as "related applications" and were filed on April 13, 2005. It's unclear from the provided text whether these are continuations of an even earlier application, or if US8009037 itself has subsequent continuations.

Divisional Applications

A divisional application is a later application for an independent invention, carved out of an earlier, broader patent application.

US Patent 8009037 is explicitly identified as a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/105,932, filed April 13, 2005, which later issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,323,982. This means that US8009037 claims subject matter that was originally disclosed and claimed in the parent application US 7,323,982, but was deemed to be a distinct invention requiring a separate application during prosecution.

Related Family Members

The patent explicitly identifies the following related applications:

• Parent Application (Divisional): U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/105,932, which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,323,982, filed April 13, 2005.
• Related Applications:
  • U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/105,931, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,286,929, filed April 13, 2005.
  • U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/105,621, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,564,348, filed April 13, 2005.
• Priority Claim: The patent claims the benefit of the prior filing date of U.S. provisional patent application No. 60/625,467, filed November 5, 2004.
• Other versions: US20080176539A1 is listed as another version, which is the pre-grant publication of US8009037.
• Priority to US13/205,618: The Google Patents page for US8009037 also lists a priority claim to US13/205,618 on 2011-08-09, which is associated with US8368531B2. This indicates a potential continuation or related application filed shortly before the issuance of US8009037, suggesting further patent family expansion.

Projected Expiration Date

The standard term for a U.S. patent is 20 years from its earliest effective filing date, which is typically the filing date of the first non-provisional application in the patent family. In this case, US Patent 8009037 claims priority to U.S. provisional patent application No. 60/625,467, filed November 5, 2004. Therefore, the 20-year term would typically run from this priority date.

• Priority Date: November 5, 2004
• Standard 20-year expiration: November 5, 2024

However, the Google Patents page explicitly states the patent's legal status as "Active, expires 2027-11-06". This "Adjusted expiration" date indicates that Patent Term Adjustment (PTA) has been applied. [cite: Google Patents] Without access to the USPTO's specific PTA calculation for application number 11/949,975, the exact breakdown of the PTA is not available.

• Adjusted Expiration Date: November 6, 2027 [cite: Google Patents]

This adjusted expiration date accounts for any delays by the USPTO during the prosecution of the application, as per PTA rules.

Defensive Disclosure Document for US Patent 8009037

Current Date: April 26, 2026

This document describes a series of derivative works and extensions of the methods and systems described in US Patent 8009037, titled "Method and system to control movable entities." These disclosures are intended to serve as prior art, rendering future incremental improvements by competitors obvious or non-novel, thereby limiting the scope of potential future patentability in this domain.

Derivative Disclosures based on Core Claims

Group 1: Autonomous Geo-fencing with Event-Driven Operations (Derived from Claims 1, 15, 16)
This group encompasses methods where the transponder autonomously determines an event related to a geographical zone and executes a configurable operation. The variations in zone definition (pixilated image versus waypoints) are incorporated within these derivatives.

Derivative 1.1: Material & Component Substitution - Ultra-Low Power Acoustic Transponders for Sub-Surface Asset Tracking

Enabling Description:
This derivative employs an ultra-low power acoustic transponder system for tracking and controlling sub-surface movable entities such as autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), subsea sensors, or subterranean drilling equipment. Positioning is achieved via an array of fixed, synchronized acoustic beacons emitting precisely timed pings, allowing the transponder to triangulate its position using Time-Difference of Arrival (TDOA) or Time-of-Flight (TOF) measurements. The transponder's core comprises a custom-designed, event-driven System-on-Chip (SoC) fabricated on a 65nm process node, integrating an ARM Cortex-M0+ microprocessor core for minimal power consumption. Communication is performed via Spread Spectrum Acoustic Modems (SSAM) operating at frequencies between 5 kHz and 15 kHz, optimized for propagation in water or rock. Energy harvesting from localized thermal gradients or vibrational sources supplements a solid-state thin-film lithium-ion battery (Li-FiB) with a capacity of 100 mAh. Geographical zones are defined acoustically by pre-programmed signal strength thresholds from the beacons or through a grid of virtual acoustic "waypoint" emitters, whose signal overlap defines the zone. Events (e.g., leaving a defined acoustic zone, change in depth/pressure exceeding 10 bars) trigger configurable operations such as activating a ballast control system, adjusting thruster speed, or initiating a high-rate data upload burst to a surface vessel.

graph TD
    A[Fixed Acoustic Beacons Array] -->|Acoustic Pings| B(Sub-surface Transponder)
    B --> C{Microprocessor: ARM Cortex-M0+ SoC}
    B --> D(Memory: Li-FiB, Flash)
    B --> E(SSAM: 5-15kHz)
    C -- TDOA/TOF Calculation --> F[Positioning Module]
    F -- Current Position --> G{Geographical Zone Logic (Acoustic Thresholds/Waypoints)}
    G -- Zone Definition Data --> D
    H{Event Detection} -- Event Occurs --> I[Configurable Operation Module]
    C --> H
    I -- Executes --> J[Actuators/Control Systems (e.g., Ballast, Thruster)]
    E -- Data Burst/Command --> K[Surface/Remote Control Center]
    D -- Stores Acoustic Zone Data --> L[Non-volatile Storage]
    B -- Power Source --> M[Energy Harvester + Li-FiB]
    J -- Controls Entity --> B

Derivative 1.2: Operational Parameter Expansion - Hyper-Scale, Real-time Micro-Drone Swarm Control

Enabling Description:
This derivative applies geo-fencing to a swarm of thousands of nanoscale or micro-drones (e.g., 10 cm wingspan, ~50g weight) operating in a highly dynamic, localized airspace (e.g., inside a large warehouse, a concert venue, or disaster zone). Each micro-drone integrates a MEMS-based Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) fused with ultra-wideband (UWB) radio triangulation for sub-centimeter positioning accuracy. The "transponder" functionality is embedded within the drone's flight controller, utilizing a high-frequency (e.g., 500 MHz) RISC-V microcontroller with dedicated hardware accelerators for real-time spatial analytics. Geographical zones are dynamically defined and re-defined in 3D volumetric space, represented as voxels (e.g., 1 cubic centimeter per voxel) within a shared, distributed memory ledger across the swarm, managed by a lead drone or local edge compute unit. Events include inter-drone collision proximity (within 1 cm, detected with 10ms latency), entering/exiting specific volumetric zones, or exceeding localized velocity gradients (>5m/s change in 100ms). Configurable operations are executed with microsecond latency, involving instantaneous thrust vectoring adjustments, evasive maneuvers, or switching to an emergency landing protocol, all managed at the swarm edge to ensure rapid response and coordination.

graph TD
    A[Micro-Drone Swarm (N Drones)] -- Each Drone --> B(Micro-Drone Unit)
    B --> C{Flight Controller: RISC-V MCU + HW Accel}
    B --> D(Positioning: MEMS IMU + UWB Radio)
    D -- Sub-cm 3D Pos --> E[Spatial Analytics Module]
    E -- Voxel-based Zone Data --> F[Distributed Memory Ledger (Swarm/Edge)]
    F --> G{Event Detection Module (Real-time)}
    G -- Event Trigger (e.g., Collision Proximity, Zone Breach) --> H[Configurable Operation Module]
    H -- Microsecond Latency Control --> I[Thrust Vectoring/Evasive Maneuvers]
    C -- Swarm Coordination Protocol --> F
    F --> J[Local Edge Compute / Lead Drone]
    J -- Manages Swarm Ledger --> F

Derivative 1.3: Cross-Domain Application - Smart Agriculture (AgTech) - Autonomous Crop Harvester Management

Enabling Description:
In smart agriculture, autonomous crop harvesters (entities) are equipped with transponders integrating RTK-GPS for sub-meter accuracy and an embedded ARM-based microcontroller. Geographical zones are defined as specific crop rows, field segments, or sensitive test plots within a large agricultural plot, represented as a pixilated image derived from GIS data. These zones are loaded onto the harvester's transponder via a farm management computing device. Events include exiting a designated harvesting row (e.g., crossing a pixel boundary), detecting crop yield anomalies within a zone via integrated spectral sensors, or entering a "no-harvest" buffer zone around sensitive research areas. Configurable operations involve automatically pausing harvesting operations, adjusting harvesting parameters (e.g., cutter height, speed, threshing intensity) based on real-time crop conditions within a specific zone, or transmitting a high-priority alert to a central farm management system for human intervention via a private 5G network. This ensures efficient resource utilization, prevents accidental damage to non-target crops, and optimizes harvesting based on localized conditions.

graph TD
    A[Farm Management Computing Device] -->|Load Crop Row Coordinates/Zones| B(Autonomous Crop Harvester)
    B --> C{Transponder: RTK-GPS + ARM MCU}
    C --> D(Memory Module)
    C --> E(Harvesting Control Module)
    D -- Stores --> F[Geographical Zone Map (Pixilated)]
    C -- Real-time Position --> G{Event Detection Logic}
    G -- Event Trigger (e.g., Zone Exit, Anomaly, No-Harvest Zone Entry) --> E
    E -- Executes --> H[Harvester Actuators (e.g., Pause, Adjust Height/Speed)]
    C -- Optional Alert (5G Network) --> I[Central Farm Management System]

Derivative 1.4: Integration with Emerging Tech - AI-Optimized Predictive Geo-fencing for Logistics

Enabling Description:
This derivative enhances geo-fencing capabilities by integrating AI-driven predictive analytics and IoT sensors. Each logistics vehicle (entity) is fitted with an advanced transponder that includes a multi-core AI inference chip (e.g., NVIDIA Jetson Nano) alongside standard GPS and 5G cellular communication. Geographical zones are defined not just by static waypoints or pixilated maps, but by dynamically generated "predictive risk zones" based on real-time traffic data, hyper-local weather forecasts, historical incident patterns, and cargo sensitivity (e.g., vibration limits for fragile goods). These zones are computed by a cloud-based AI optimization engine and pushed to the transponder. The transponder continuously feeds IoT sensor data (e.g., cargo temperature, humidity, vibration, driver physiological state, tire pressure) to its local AI module. Events are predicted before they occur (e.g., 90% probability of entering a high-traffic zone that will delay delivery by >30 minutes within the next hour, or a 75% chance of exceeding cargo temperature thresholds due to upcoming route conditions and external ambient temperature). Configurable operations are then AI-optimized proactive measures, such as automatically re-routing the vehicle via an alternative calculated path, adjusting refrigerated cargo unit settings, alerting the driver to take a scheduled rest break to mitigate predicted fatigue risks, or proactively notifying customers of predicted delays.

graph TD
    A[Cloud AI Optimization Engine] -->|Dynamic Predictive Risk Zones| B(Logistics Vehicle Transponder)
    B --> C{AI Inference Chip: NVIDIA Jetson Nano}
    B --> D(IoT Sensor Array: Temp, Vibe, Driver Bio, Tire Press)
    B --> E(GPS/5G Cellular Modem)
    C -- Real-time Inference --> F[Predictive Event Detection]
    F -- Predicted Event Trigger --> G[AI-Optimized Configurable Operations]
    G -- Executes Proactive Measures --> H[Vehicle Control Systems (e.g., Navigation, Refrigeration, Driver HMI)]
    E <--> I[Central Logistics Management System]
    D -- Sensor Data Stream --> C

Derivative 1.5: The "Inverse" or Failure Mode - Graceful Degradation Geo-fencing for Emergency Services

Enabling Description:
This derivative focuses on a "fail-safe" or graceful degradation mode for transponders attached to emergency service vehicles (e.g., ambulances, fire trucks). The transponder operates with dual microprocessors: a primary high-power MCU for full functionality and a secondary ultra-low power microcontroller (ULPC) for emergency degraded mode. Geographical zones are defined for emergency response areas, hospital proximity zones, or hazardous material exclusion zones. In the event of primary power failure (e.g., main battery disconnect), catastrophic communication loss (e.g., cellular network outage), or detected tampering with the main transponder unit (e.g., accelerometer detects unauthorized removal attempt), the system automatically transitions to a "limited-functionality" mode. In this mode, the ULPC takes over, utilizing a low-frequency, long-range radio (e.g., LoRaWAN) for minimal-data, periodic "heartbeat" location pings (e.g., every 5 minutes) using an internal, small backup battery (e.g., supercapacitor or coin cell). Geo-fencing events in this mode are limited to critical alerts like "leaving designated operational safe zone" or "entering high-danger area," triggering only essential configurable operations such as an audible alert to the vehicle occupants, activating a low-power, strobe-light beacon for visibility, or attempting to establish a one-way burst communication with a nearest emergency mesh network node. All non-essential data processing, high-bandwidth communication, and non-critical configurable operations are suspended to maximize operational time on minimal power.

stateDiagram-V2
    [*] --> Full_Functionality : Power On / Normal Operation
    Full_Functionality --> Degraded_Mode : Primary Power Loss / Comm Failure / Tampering Detected
    Full_Functionality --> [*] : System Shutdown

    state Full_Functionality {
        Full_Functionality : Primary MCU Active
        Full_Functionality : GPS/Cellular/Full Geo-fencing
        Full_Functionality : Complex Event/Operations
        Full_Functionality --> Degraded_Mode
    }

    state Degraded_Mode {
        Degraded_Mode : ULPC Active
        Degraded_Mode : LoRaWAN Comm (Low Data Rate)
        Degraded_Mode : Internal Backup Battery (Supercapacitor)
        Degraded_Mode : Critical Geo-fencing Only
        Degraded_Mode : Limited Operations (Audible Alert, Strobe Beacon, One-way Burst Comm)
        Degraded_Mode --> Full_Functionality : Primary Power Restored / Comm Re-established
        Degraded_Mode --> [*] : Backup Power Depleted
    }

Group 2: Command-Driven Geo-fencing with Remote Operations (Derived from Claims 17, 18, 19)
This group covers methods where the transponder executes a configurable operation upon receiving a command from a central control center, which is associated with its status within a geographical zone.

Derivative 2.1: Material & Component Substitution - Quantum-Resistant Encrypted Satellite Micro-Transceivers

Enabling Description:
This derivative replaces traditional communication modems with quantum-resistant encrypted satellite micro-transceivers for extreme security applications (e.g., high-value cargo, government assets). The transponder features a custom hardware security module (HSM) implementing post-quantum cryptography algorithms (e.g., CRYSTALS-Kyber for key exchange, CRYSTALS-Dilithium for digital signatures) for all command and data traffic, ensuring data integrity and confidentiality against future quantum attacks. The GPS receiver is enhanced with multi-constellation (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou) and anti-spoofing capabilities for robust positioning. Geographical zones (e.g., highly sensitive restricted areas, secure transport corridors) are loaded as digitally signed, immutable pixel maps into a write-once, read-many (WORM) memory within the HSM. Commands from the central control center, such as "lock all doors upon zone entry" or "disable ignition upon unauthorized zone exit," are digitally signed by a trusted authority and transmitted via a dedicated, secure satellite channel. The transponder's microprocessor (e.g., an FPGA-based soft-core processor with configurable cryptographic accelerators) verifies the command's signature and executes the corresponding operation only if the command's pre-defined conditions (including the entity's current geographical zone status) are met.

graph TD
    A[Central Control Center] -->|Quantum-Resistant Encrypted Command| B(Satellite Gateway)
    B -->|Secure Satellite Channel| C(Micro-Transceiver + HSM)
    C --> D{Microprocessor: FPGA Soft-Core + Crypto Accel}
    C --> E(WORM Memory)
    C --> F(Multi-Constellation GPS + Anti-Spoofing)
    E -- Stores Signed Immutable Zones --> G[Geographical Zone Data]
    D -- Verifies Command Signature --> H{Command Validation Logic}
    F -- Current Position --> I[Geographical Zone Status]
    H & I -- If Conditions Met --> J[Configurable Operation Module]
    J -- Executes --> K[Entity Actuators/Control Systems (e.g., Door Locks, Ignition Kill Switch)]
    C -- Encrypted Event Acknowledgment --> B

Derivative 2.2: Operational Parameter Expansion - High-Frequency Dynamic Geo-fencing for Particle Accelerators

Enabling Description:
This derivative applies geo-fencing to subatomic particles or controlled plasma within experimental physics facilities (e.g., particle accelerators, fusion reactors). The "entity" is a beam of high-energy particles, and the "transponder" functionality is realized by a network of ultra-fast beam position monitors (BPMs) and precise electromagnetic field sensors, sampled at picosecond intervals. Geographical zones are defined as precise volumetric regions within the beamline or reaction chamber, represented by nanometer-resolution voxel grids, loaded and updated dynamically via a distributed high-performance computing cluster. Events are high-frequency phenomena such as particle beam deviation from target trajectory (e.g., >10 micron excursion over 1 meter, detected within 10 nanoseconds), or plasma instability exceeding a critical confinement threshold within a zone. Commands, issued by an experimental control system, are based on real-time feedback and pre-programmed safety protocols. Configurable operations, executed within femtosecond response times, include immediate adjustments to steering magnets, RF cavities, or plasma confinement fields to prevent beam loss or system damage, or triggering an emergency beam dump, all based on the current "geographical status" (position and behavior within the defined volumetric zone) of the particles.

graph TD
    A[Experimental Control System] -->|High-Freq Commands| B(Distributed HPC Cluster)
    B --> C[Dynamic Voxel Zone Updates (Nanometer Res)]
    C --> D(Network of Ultra-Fast BPMs & EM Sensors)
    D --> E{Real-time Data Acquisition (Picosecond)}
    E --> F{Event Detection (Beam Deviation, Plasma Instability)}
    F -- Trigger (Nanosecond Latency) --> G[Configurable Operations Module]
    G -- Femtosecond Control --> H[Steering Magnets, RF Cavities, Confinement Fields]
    D -- Entity: Particle Beam/Plasma --> I[Particle Accelerator/Fusion Reactor]
    A -- Data Input --> C

Derivative 2.3: Cross-Domain Application - Disaster Response/Search & Rescue (Emergency Management) - Command-Controlled UAV Swarms for Hazard Containment

Enabling Description:
In disaster response, a swarm of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with chemical sensors, thermal cameras, and robotic manipulators act as entities. Each UAV has a transponder with an embedded flight controller and a secure, mesh-network radio for robust communication in degraded environments. Geographical zones are dynamically defined by a central incident command center as areas of known hazard (e.g., chemical spill zones, fire perimeters, unstable structure boundaries), uploaded as pixilated hazard maps to the UAVs. Commands, issued by incident commanders, are specifically tailored to these zones and are authenticated and prioritized. For example, if a UAV enters a "high-concentration chemical zone," a command could be issued to "deploy containment spray" via an integrated dispenser or "initiate automated sampling procedure." If a UAV detects a survivor in a "collapse risk zone," a command could be "deploy rescue tether" or "mark location for ground teams and retreat to safe altitude." The configurable operations on the UAVs are executed only upon receiving these explicit, authenticated commands, ensuring safety and coordinated response in rapidly evolving emergency scenarios where autonomous action might be insufficient or undesirable.

graph TD
    A[Incident Command Center] -->|Secure Mesh Network Commands| B(UAV Swarm Transponders)
    B --> C{UAV Flight Controller + Mesh Radio}
    B --> D(Sensors: Chemical, Thermal, Robotic Manipulators)
    C --> E[Geographical Hazard Zone Map (Pixilated)]
    E --> F{UAV Position & Zone Status}
    F & B -- Receive Authenticated Command --> G[Command Interpretation & Execution]
    G -- Executes --> H[UAV Operations (e.g., Deploy Spray, Sample, Tether, Mark & Retreat)]
    C -- Real-time Sensor Data/Status --> A

Derivative 2.4: Integration with Emerging Tech - Blockchain-Verified Smart Contract Geo-fencing for Supply Chain Compliance

Enabling Description:
This derivative integrates blockchain technology for immutable audit trails and smart contract enforcement in high-value or regulated supply chains. Each cargo container (entity) is equipped with a transponder featuring a tamper-proof hardware enclave for cryptographic operations and a 5G-enabled cellular/satellite modem. Geographical zones are defined as compliance regions (e.g., customs zones, climate-controlled storage areas, restricted access facilities), stored as digital representations (e.g., GeoJSON hashes) on a distributed ledger. When a container's transponder, using its encrypted GPS data, determines its entry or exit from such a zone, this event triggers a smart contract on the blockchain. The smart contract, upon verification of the zone event and other parameters (e.g., time of day, authorized personnel presence via RFID, cargo manifest verification), can issue commands to the transponder. For example, if the container enters a customs zone, a smart contract might issue a command to "electronically unlock for inspection" (a configurable operation) or "submit automated customs declaration." Conversely, if it attempts to exit a designated secure zone without proper authorization, the smart contract could issue a command to "remotely activate physical locking mechanisms" or "trigger an unalterable, time-stamped audit log entry and alert authorities," ensuring automated, transparent, and auditable compliance.

flowchart TD
    A[Cargo Container Transponder] -->|Encrypted GPS Data| B(Geo-fencing Event Detection)
    B --> C{Zone Entry/Exit Event}
    C --> D[Blockchain Network]
    D -- Triggers --> E(Smart Contract)
    E -- Verifies Zone Event + Params (e.g., RFID, Manifest) --> F{Command Issuance Logic}
    F -- Authenticated Command --> A
    A -- Executes Configurable Operation --> G[Actuators (e.g., Electronic Lock, Customs Manifest System)]
    D -- Immutable Audit Trail --> H[Regulators/Auditors]

Derivative 2.5: The "Inverse" or Failure Mode - Automated Deactivation for Sensitive Material Transport

Enabling Description:
This derivative describes a system for secure transport of highly sensitive or volatile materials (entities) where the transponder is designed for automated, irreversible deactivation in unauthorized or compromised scenarios. The transponder includes a multi-redundant, radiation-hardened microprocessor, a multi-frequency jamming-resistant communications module, and several non-rechargeable, high-density energy cells (e.g., radioisotope thermoelectric generators for extended life). Geographical zones are defined as authorized routes, secure staging areas, and designated "disposal zones" (e.g., remote, pre-cleared areas for safe destruction). The transponder continuously monitors its position (using encrypted GPS/INS fusion) and environmental parameters (e.g., radiation levels, chemical leakage, container integrity via internal sensors). If the entity deviates from an authorized route by more than 100 meters, enters an unauthorized zone, or detects a catastrophic breach (e.g., container compromise detected by pressure/temperature sensors), the central command center can issue a "Code Red" deactivation command. Alternatively, the system can autonomously execute a pre-programmed, irreversible "fail-safe" operation (e.g., triggering internal self-destruct mechanisms to destroy sensitive data and render the material inert/unrecoverable, deploying a chemical neutralizer, or initiating an electromagnetic pulse (EMP) emitter to disable nearby electronic devices), all without human intervention once the critical event is detected within a designated "no-go" geographical zone.

stateDiagram-V2
    [*] --> Secure_Transport : Normal Operation (Authorized Route)
    Secure_Transport --> Anomaly_Detected : Route Deviation / Unauthorized Zone Entry / Breach
    Secure_Transport --> Deactivated : Manual Deactivation Command from Central Control

    state Anomaly_Detected {
        Anomaly_Detected : Encrypted GPS/INS + Environmental Monitoring
        Anomaly_Detected : Geo-zone Violation Check
        Anomaly_Detected --> Deactivated : Autonomous Deactivation Protocol Triggered
        Anomaly_Detected --> Secure_Transport : Anomaly Resolved / Command Override (if allowed)
    }

    state Deactivated {
        Deactivated : Multi-stage Irreversible Deactivation
        Deactivated : Self-destruct Mechanisms (Data/Material Inertion)
        Deactivated : Chemical Neutralizer Deployment
        Deactivated : EMP Emission (Disable Nearby Electronics)
        Deactivated --> [*] : System Destroyed / Material Inert
    }

Group 3: IoT Geo-fencing System Architecture (Derived from Claim 20)
This group focuses on the system architecture for wirelessly controlling an entity, emphasizing the components and their interactions within an integrated system.

Derivative 3.1: Material & Component Substitution - Bio-Integrated Sensor Array for Wildlife Monitoring

Enabling Description:
This derivative proposes a bio-integrated transponder system for tracking and controlling wildlife (e.g., endangered species). The "transponder" is a flexible, biocompatible sensor array (e.g., printed electronics on a polymeric substrate, incorporating biodegradable conductive inks) integrated directly into an animal's tissue or attached externally with minimal invasiveness. The microprocessor is an ultra-low-power neuromorphic chip, processing biological signals (e.g., heart rate, body temperature, stress biomarkers, activity patterns) directly on-device. GPS is replaced by an array of low-power radio-frequency identification (RFID) readers distributed across a wildlife preserve, creating a "virtual fence" of intersecting read zones that define geographical zones. Communication occurs via a low-power, long-range (LoRa) mesh network back to a central hub. The central ecological monitoring computer dynamically adjusts the geographical zone definitions based on real-time ecological data (e.g., water levels, prey migration patterns, seasonal changes) provided by external feeds. The central computer can issue commands (e.g., remotely activate a harmless deterrent, release a targeted nutrient supplement dispenser within a zone, administer medication via a micro-pump) based on bio-metric events (e.g., animal entering a high-stress zone, prolonged inactivity in a foraging zone) detected by the bio-integrated sensor array.

graph TD
    A[Central Ecological Monitoring Computer] -->|Dynamic Zone Updates & Commands| B(LoRa Mesh Network)
    B --> C(RFID Reader Array)
    C -- Intersecting Read Zones define Geo-Zones --> D(Bio-Integrated Sensor Array / Transponder on Animal)
    D --> E{Neuromorphic Microprocessor}
    D --> F(Biometric Sensors: Heart Rate, Temp, Biomarkers)
    E -- Processes Bio-Signals + Location (RFID) --> G{Event Detection (Bio-Status + Zone)}
    G -- Event/Command --> H[Actuators (e.g., Deterrent, Dispenser, Micro-pump)]
    F -- Biometric Data Stream --> E
    D -- LoRa Comm --> B

Derivative 3.2: Operational Parameter Expansion - Deep Space Micro-Satellite Constellation Control

Enabling Description:
This derivative applies the system architecture to a constellation of deep-space micro-satellites (entities) operating beyond Earth orbit. Each micro-satellite acts as a "transponder," featuring radiation-hardened microprocessors (e.g., LEON3-FT SPARC V8), large-capacity non-volatile phase-change memory (PCM), and deep-space optical communication transceivers. Instead of GPS, positioning is determined by celestial navigation (star trackers, pulsar timing using X-ray pulsars) combined with ground-based deep space network (DSN) ranging, providing absolute positional accuracy in astronomical units (AU). Geographical zones are defined as precise orbital parameters, exclusion zones around celestial bodies, or formation-flying geometries, loaded as highly precise mathematical models and constraint equations into the satellite's memory. A ground-based mission control center acts as the "central computer." Events include deviation from a calculated orbital path, proximity to a celestial hazard (e.g., asteroid, space debris), or unexpected attitude changes (e.g., exceeding 0.1 degree/second in a defined spatial zone). Configurable operations, executed by the satellite's on-board attitude and orbital control system (AOCS), include propulsive maneuvers, momentum wheel adjustments, or initiating a safe-mode spin, all commanded from Earth but verified and executed autonomously by the satellite's microprocessor against pre-programmed zone parameters and real-time sensor data.

graph TD
    A[Ground-Based Mission Control Center] -->|Deep Space Optical Comm| B(Deep Space Micro-Satellite Constellation)
    B --> C{Radiation-Hardened Microprocessor: LEON3-FT}
    B --> D(Non-Volatile Memory: PCM)
    B --> E(Celestial Navigation: Star Trackers, Pulsar Timing)
    B --> F(Optical Comm Transceiver)
    D -- Stores --> G[Orbital/Spatial Zone Models (AU)]
    E -- Absolute Pos (AU) --> H{Event Detection (Orbital Deviation, Hazard Proximity)}
    H -- Trigger --> I[AOCS (Attitude & Orbital Control System)]
    I -- Executes --> J[Propulsion, Momentum Wheels, Thrusters]
    F <--> A
    C -- Monitors Systems --> H

Derivative 3.3: Cross-Domain Application - Industrial Automation/Logistics - Autonomous Forklift Fleet Management

Enabling Description:
In a large industrial complex or smart factory, a fleet of autonomous forklifts (entities) are managed by this system. Each forklift is fitted with a robust transponder comprising an industrial-grade embedded controller (e.g., Siemens S7-1500 PLC with integrated communication module), a high-precision indoor positioning system (e.g., UWB Real-Time Location System (RTLS) or LiDAR-SLAM for simultaneous localization and mapping), and a Wi-Fi 6 / 5G private network modem. Geographical zones are defined as warehouse aisles, loading docks, hazardous material storage areas, pedestrian-only zones, or dynamic temporary exclusion zones (e.g., for maintenance), loaded as detailed floor plans with designated traffic flow rules and speed limits into the forklift's memory. A central warehouse management system (WMS) acts as the "central computer." Events include entering a restricted access zone without proper authorization, exceeding speed limits within a pedestrian zone, detecting an unexpected obstacle within a narrow aisle via LiDAR, or attempting to operate with an overloaded payload (measured by load sensors) in a designated weight-restricted zone. Configurable operations, commanded by the WMS or autonomously triggered by the forklift's embedded controller, include automatically reducing speed, halting movement, sounding an audible alarm and flashing lights, or sending a detailed diagnostic report to the WMS for human override or intervention.

graph TD
    A[Central Warehouse Management System (WMS)] -->|Wi-Fi 6/5G Private Network Commands| B(Autonomous Forklift Fleet)
    B --> C{Industrial Embedded Controller (PLC) + Comm Module}
    B --> D(High-Precision Indoor Pos: UWB RTLS / LiDAR-SLAM)
    B --> E(Memory Module)
    E -- Stores Detailed Floor Plans / Zone Rules --> F[Geographical Zones (Aisles, Docks, HazMat, Pedestrian)]
    C -- Real-time Position + Sensor Data --> G{Event Detection (Restricted Zone, Speed, Obstacle, Overload)}
    G -- Event/Command --> H[Configurable Operation Module]
    H -- Executes --> I[Forklift Actuators (e.g., Speed Control, Braking, Alarm, Diagnostics)]
    C -- Diagnostic Report --> A

Derivative 3.4: Integration with Emerging Tech - Digital Twin & AR-Enhanced Maintenance for Field Robotics

Enabling Description:
This derivative integrates the geo-fencing system with a real-time digital twin and augmented reality (AR) for field robotics maintenance. Each field robot (entity) is equipped with a transponder, including a high-fidelity sensor suite (LiDAR, stereo cameras, force-torque sensors, thermal imagers), a powerful edge AI processor, and a redundant 5G modem. A "digital twin" of the robot and its operational environment (including geographical zones) is maintained in a cloud-based simulation platform, updated in real-time from the robot's sensor data. Geographical zones are dynamically defined based on mission parameters, environmental changes, or predictive maintenance needs identified by the digital twin. For instance, a "maintenance-required zone" might appear around a robot if the digital twin's analytics predict an imminent bearing failure. When a robot enters such a zone, the cloud system issues a command to the transponder. This command activates an AR overlay for a field technician via a wearable AR device, guiding them through precise diagnostic or repair steps within that physical zone. For example, if the robot enters a "hydraulic leak zone," the digital twin predicts the component failure, the cloud system commands the robot to disable specific hydraulic pumps (configurable operation), and an AR overlay guides the technician to the exact valve for repair, with real-time feedback from the robot's force-torque sensors ensuring precision during the repair.

graph TD
    A[Cloud Digital Twin Platform] -->|Real-time Updates/Commands (5G)| B(Field Robot Transponder)
    B --> C{Edge AI Processor + Redundant 5G Modem}
    B --> D(Sensor Suite: LiDAR, Cameras, Force-Torque, Thermal)
    D -- Sensor Data Stream --> A
    A -- Real-time Geo-zone / Predictive Maintenance --> E[AR Maintenance Interface (Technician)]
    E -- Technician Command / Digital Twin Command --> F{Command Interpretation}
    F --> G[Configurable Operations (e.g., Disable Hydraulics, Actuate Repair Tool, System Diagnostics)]
    C -- Robot Status --> A
    E -- AR Feedback --> D

Derivative 3.5: The "Inverse" or Failure Mode - Automated Deactivation for Sensitive Material Transport

Enabling Description:
This derivative describes a system for secure transport of highly sensitive or volatile materials (entities) where the transponder is designed for automated, irreversible deactivation in unauthorized or compromised scenarios. The transponder includes a multi-redundant, radiation-hardened microprocessor, a multi-frequency jamming-resistant communications module (e.g., using frequency hopping and spread spectrum techniques), and several non-rechargeable, high-density energy cells. Geographical zones are defined as authorized routes, secure staging areas, and designated "disposal zones" (e.g., remote, pre-cleared areas for safe destruction). The transponder continuously monitors its position (using encrypted GPS/INS fusion) and environmental parameters (e.g., radiation levels, chemical leakage, container integrity via internal sensors). If the entity deviates from an authorized route by more than a configurable threshold (e.g., 50 meters), enters an unauthorized zone (e.g., a civilian population center), or detects a catastrophic breach (e.g., container compromise by seismic or chemical sensors), the central command center can issue a "Code Red" deactivation command. Alternatively, the system can autonomously execute a pre-programmed, irreversible "fail-safe" operation, such as triggering internal self-destruct mechanisms (e.g., micro-explosive charges to destroy sensitive data and render the material inert/unrecoverable), deploying a chemical neutralizer, or initiating an electromagnetic pulse (EMP) emitter to disable nearby electronic devices, all without human intervention once the critical event is detected within a designated "no-go" geographical zone.

stateDiagram-V2
    [*] --> Secure_Transport : Normal Operation (Authorized Route, Monitoring)
    Secure_Transport --> Anomaly_Detected : Route Deviation / Unauthorized Zone Entry / Breach Detected
    Secure_Transport --> Deactivated : Central Command Deactivation

    state Anomaly_Detected {
        Anomaly_Detected : Encrypted GPS/INS + Environmental Sensor Monitoring
        Anomaly_Detected : Geo-zone Violation Check
        Anomaly_Detected --> Deactivated : Autonomous Deactivation Protocol Triggered
        Anomaly_Detected --> Secure_Transport : Anomaly Resolved / Remote Override (if policy allows)
    }

    state Deactivated {
        Deactivated : Multi-stage Irreversible Deactivation
        Deactivated : Self-destruct Mechanisms (Data Destruction, Material Inertion)
        Deactivated : Chemical Neutralizer Deployment
        Deactivated : EMP Emission (Disable Adjacent Electronics)
        Deactivated --> [*] : System Destroyed / Material Rendered Inert
    }

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Combination Prior Art Scenarios with Open-Source Standards

1. Geo-fencing with OpenStreetMap (OSM) and OSRM:
   A system implementing the geo-fencing capabilities of US 8009037 (e.g., defining zones by coordinates or pixilated images for route monitoring) by leveraging OpenStreetMap (OSM) data for geographical information and Open Source Routing Machine (OSRM) for efficient route planning and real-time deviation detection. The transponder downloads vector-based geo-zone data derived from OSM (using standard GeoJSON or GPX formats) into its memory. The OSRM library, either embedded locally on a powerful transponder's microprocessor or accessed via an API from a central server, provides real-time route matching against the OSM-based map data. Events such as "deviation from planned route by X meters for Y seconds" or "entry into a no-go area" (defined by OSM polygons) trigger configurable operations. This combination is obvious as OSM provides universally available, high-resolution map data, and OSRM offers efficient, open-source routing algorithms, both of which are foundational for practical and dynamic geo-fencing applications described in the patent.

   • Relevant Claims: Claims 1, 15, 16 (defining geographical zones, programming microprocessor for event determination). Claim 20 (system with transponder, memory module, microprocessor, GPS receiver).

2. Transponder Communication via MQTT over LoRaWAN:
   The communication aspect of US 8009037 (e.g., transponder sending event messages to a central computer, central computer sending commands) implemented using MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) protocol over a LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) physical layer. Each transponder integrates a LoRaWAN communication module and an MQTT client library. Event messages (e.g., "zone entry," "speeding detected," "ignition on") are published as lightweight MQTT messages to a specific topic (e.g., /vehicles/assetID/events) on a central MQTT broker. Control commands from the central computer are published to a different topic (e.g., /vehicles/assetID/commands/ignition_off), which the transponder subscribes to. This combination offers efficient, low-power, and flexible messaging for IoT devices, which transponders essentially are, especially suitable for wide-area deployments with minimal infrastructure. A person having ordinary skill in the art would find it obvious to use well-established IoT communication standards like MQTT over a suitable low-power, long-range network like LoRaWAN for the remote monitoring and control functions described.

   • Relevant Claims: Claims 1, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 (communicating event messages, receiving commands from control center). Claim 20 (communications modem, communications network).

3. Configurable Operations with MicroPython on Embedded Systems:
   The "programming a microprocessor... to execute a configurable operation" aspect of US 8009037 can be achieved using MicroPython on a commodity embedded system (e.g., ESP32 or Raspberry Pi Pico). The transponder's microprocessor, capable of running a MicroPython interpreter, is loaded with scripts that define geographical zones (e.g., lists of coordinates or waypoint objects parsed from JSON or YAML configuration files) and event-handling logic. Configurable operations (e.g., toggling General Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) pins to control a relay, sending an HTTP request to a cloud service, adjusting motor speed via PWM) are implemented as Python functions within these scripts. A computing device loads these MicroPython scripts to the transponder, either locally via a serial port or over-the-air. This allows for rapid prototyping, dynamic configuration, and over-the-air updates of complex logic without requiring low-level firmware recompilation, making the system highly flexible and adaptable. The use of MicroPython for easily configurable embedded logic and runtime programming is a well-known technique for embedded device development, rendering this application to geo-fencing transponders obvious.

   • Relevant Claims: Claims 1, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 (programming a microprocessor, configurable operation, loading data from computing device). Claim 20 (microprocessor, memory module).