Invalidity dossier
US 4634665
Processes for inserting DNA into eucaryotic cells and for producing proteinaceous materials
Current assignee: Columbia University in the City of New York
Added 9/23/2026, 10:27:20 PM
Active provider: DeepSeek · deepseek-flash
Patent summary
Title, assignee, inventors, filing/issue dates, abstract, and a plain-language overview of the claims.
Patent Overview: US 4,634,665 A
Title: Processes for inserting DNA into eucaryotic cells and for producing proteinaceous materials
Assignee: Columbia University in the City of New York (original and current assignee listed).
Inventors: Richard Axel, Michael H. Wigler, Saul J. Silverstein.
Key dates: Priority date 1980-02-25 (claimed from US 06/124,513); application US 06/522,408 filed 1983-08-11; granted/published 1987-01-06; anticipated expiration 2004-01-06. Status: Expired – Lifetime.
Purpose: The invention concerns introducing genetic informational material—DNA including genes coding for proteinaceous materials—into eucaryotic cells (Plant and Animal Kingdoms), distinct from introducing DNA into procaryotes such as bacteria. It addresses producing proteins of eucaryotic origin (e.g., interferon protein, insulin, antibodies, growth hormones, clotting factors, viral antigens, enzymes) without requiring detailed knowledge of amino acid sequence, and allowing the eucaryotic cell's own machinery to process precursors (e.g., preproinsulin to insulin) and add sugar molecules.
Plain-language scope: The process cotransforms eucaryotic cells with foreign DNA I plus unlinked foreign DNA II carrying a gene for a selectable phenotype not otherwise expressed by the cell. Cotransformation occurs in a suitable medium under selective conditions permitting survival and/or identification of cells acquiring the selectable phenotype. Foreign DNA can integrate into chromosomal DNA and be stably expressed through hundreds of generations. Multiple gene copies can be inserted by linking desired DNA to an amplifiable dominant selectable gene (e.g., drug resistance), with successively elevated agent concentrations selecting multi-copy transformants. FIG. 1 diagrams the cotransformation process; FIG. 2 diagrams recovering foreign DNA I via double selection. DNA may optionally be purified, restriction-endonuclease-cleaved, and calcium-phosphate-treated.
Not established by this excerpt: The full claims; specific cell lines, vectors, or experiments; the outcome of any litigation (a Darts-ip family litigation link appears but is not substantiated here); and any prior-art analysis.
Generated 10/1/2026, 9:33:21 PM
Cases on file (0)
Specific litigation cases in our database that name US patent 4634665. The free-form analysis below may also discuss cases beyond this list.
No cases on file mention this patent. Upload a CSV or add a case manually in Admin → Manage litigation cases.
Litigation summary
Past and pending lawsuits — plaintiffs, defendants, jurisdictions, outcomes, and notable rulings.
Proceedings on file (0)
All PTAB activity →AIA trial proceedings (IPR / PGR / CBM) filed at the USPTO Patent Trial and Appeal Board against this patent. Sourced from the USPTO Open Data Portal and refreshed every six hours; each proceeding number deep-links to the PTAB E2E docket.
No PTAB proceedings on file. This patent has not been challenged via IPR, PGR, or CBM. The absence is itself a signal — well-asserted patents eventually attract IPRs. The LLM analysis below may surface filings the ODP feed hasn’t indexed yet.
PTAB challenges
AIA trial proceedings at the USPTO Patent Trial and Appeal Board — IPR, PGR, and CBM. Petitioners, judge panels, claim-level invalidation outcomes from Final Written Decisions, and Federal Circuit appeals. The single most important defensive datapoint after litigation history.
Assignment history
Inventors, original assignee, and the chain of ownership recorded with the USPTO — including the correspondent attorney who recorded each assignment, since shell-LLC chains often share one repeat-player attorney even when the entity names look unrelated. Surfaces NPE / patent-troll patterns: shell-entity transfers, known asserters in the chain, repeat correspondent fingerprints, pre-litigation assignments, and bankruptcy fire-sales.
Prior art
Earlier patents, publications, and products that may anticipate or render the claims unpatentable.
Obviousness
Combinations of prior art that suggest the claimed invention would have been obvious under 35 U.S.C. § 103.
Extensions
Patent term adjustments, term extensions, continuations, divisionals, family members, and expiration dates.
Derivative works
Defensive disclosure: derivative variations of each claim designed to render future incremental improvements obvious or non-novel.