US 9470882

Here's a concise summary of US Patent 9470882:

Patent Number: US9470882B2

Title: Optical arrangement for a solid-state lamp

Current Assignee: Prosperina Ventures LLC, Cree Lighting USA LLC
(Original Assignee: Cree Inc)

Inventor: Dong Lu

Filing Date: April 25, 2011

Issue Date: October 18, 2016

Abstract:
An optical arrangement for a solid-state lamp is disclosed. A highly reflective secondary reflector is located adjacent to but not in contact with an optical element. In some embodiments, the reflector presents a white, diffuse reflective surface. A secondary reflector with a specular reflective surface can also be used. The secondary reflector can be made of various commercially available materials; for example, MCPET or polycarbide resin, and the arrangement can be used with an LED light source. In some example embodiments, the optical element and the highly reflective secondary reflector each have a plurality of lobes and the arrangement is suitable for an MR16 halogen lamp replacement. In other example embodiments, the highly reflective secondary reflector includes a plurality of recesses corresponding to a plurality of optical elements, and the arrangement is suitable for a PAR incandescent bulb replacement.

Plain-Language Overview of Independent Claims:

• Claim 1: Describes an optical arrangement for a solid-state lamp. This arrangement includes a total internal reflection (TIR) optical element which has a conic outer surface that internally reflects light. Also included is a highly reflective secondary reflector that is shaped to conform substantially to, is located outside of, and is separated by a small gap from, the outer surface of the TIR optical element.

• Claim 14: Describes a lamp. This lamp comprises a light emitting diode (LED) light source, and a total internal reflection (TIR) optical element with a conic outer surface that internally reflects light from the LED light source. Additionally, it includes a highly reflective secondary reflector that is substantially conformal to, located outside of, and spaced a small gap away from the outer surface of the optical element.

• Claim 31: Describes a method of assembling a lamp. The method involves arranging multiple LED light sources in a pattern within a housing, positioning a secondary reflector with at least 85% reflectivity near these LED light sources, and placing at least one TIR optical element. This TIR optical element is placed to receive light from at least one of the LED light sources such that its conically-shaped outer surface reflects light and is substantially conformal to, located inside of, and spaced a small gap away from the secondary reflector.

CAFC 2026 Dockets for US9470882:
A targeted search for CAFC 2026 dockets related to US9470882 did not yield specific results indicating active cases for this patent in the CAFC for the year 2026. The Google Patents information indicates that the patent is "Active, expires 2034-07-02" and lists "Family has litigation" with US cases filed in the Texas Northern District Court and Ohio Northern District Court, along with a "First worldwide family litigation filed" link. However, these references point to District Court litigation and general patent family litigation, not specifically to CAFC dockets for 2026. Therefore, no authoritative information on CAFC dockets for US9470882 in 2026 is available from the provided search results.

I'll research litigation involving US 9,470,882 across patent-litigation databases and court resources.

Let me pull details on the specific case numbers identified.

Known Litigation Involving US Patent 9,470,882

Bottom line: Yes — US 9,470,882 ("the '882 patent") has been asserted in litigation. All identified suits were filed by Prosperina Ventures LLC (the current assignee identified in the assignment-history section) starting October 23, 2025, against three lighting-industry defendants. The '882 patent is one of several patents asserted in each complaint, not the sole patent-in-suit. I found no CAFC appellate dockets specifically for the '882 patent.

⚠️ Important caveat on dates. The stated current date for this task is April 26, 2026, but several search results contain docket activity and analysis dated after that date (e.g., N.D. Tex. filings dated June 12, 2026; a Kichler summary describing a ~203-day resolution ending around May 2026; a CourtListener listing dated July 2026). Per the operating rule that live search results control, I report what the sources state, but flag this internal inconsistency rather than reconciling it silently. Verify the most recent entries directly in PACER.

Case Table

These three case numbers match the three litigation entries shown on the Google Patents page for US9470882 (two N.D. Tex., one N.D. Ohio; the Ohio case being the "Ohio Northern District Court case 1:25-cv-02283"). The Stanford NPE Litigation Database independently lists case 3:25-cv-02886 for patent 9470882.

Case-by-Case Detail

1. Prosperina Ventures LLC v. Keystone Technologies LLC — 3:25-cv-02886 (N.D. Tex.) → 2:26-cv-00252 (E.D. Pa.)

• Filed: October 23, 2025, N.D. Tex., Judge Brantley Starr; 35 U.S.C. § 271 complaint with jury demand.
• Accused products: A broad range of Keystone LED replacement bulbs, including PAR and MR series lamps. Examples cited in complaint analyses: "Keystone 9.5W CCT Selectable 4-Pin CFL Replacement Bulb," "Keystone PAR38 18W 5000K 2031 Lumens Bulb," "Keystone A23 HID Bulb," and "Keystone LED33PSPAR38 Bulb." The '882 patent was specifically tied to the accused Keystone PAR and MR series bulbs.
• Patents-in-suit: The complaint asserts ten patents. Those confirmed in complaint analyses include:
  • U.S. 9,310,030 ("Non-uniform diffuser to scatter light into uniform emission pattern")
  • U.S. 9,435,528 ("LED lamp with LED assembly retention member")
  • U.S. 9,470,882 ("Optical arrangement for a solid-state lamp")
  • U.S. 9,651,239 ("LED lamp and heat sink")
  • U.S. 10,107,487 ("LED light bulbs")
  • (plus additional patents not individually itemized in the retrieved excerpt)
• '882-specific allegations: Independent claim 1 was asserted; accused features were the TIR-optic + "highly reflective secondary reflector" light-recapture arrangement in Keystone's PAR/MR lamps.
• District transfer: On January 13, 2026, the parties filed a Joint Motion to Transfer Case Out of District/Division and to Extend Time to Respond. On January 14, 2026, Judge Starr granted the agreed motion and transferred the case to the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (opened there as 2:26-cv-00252). The N.D. Tex. docket was terminated; defendant's response deadline was extended to 30 days after the transferee court assigned a new number.
• Defendant's counsel (N.D. Tex. phase): Joseph M. Cox (Duane Morris LLP); pro hac vice admissions for Timothy R. Shannon and Seth S. Coburn (both Duane Morris). Plaintiff's counsel: Robert David Katz (Katz PLLC).
• Current status: Transferred and pending in E.D. Pa. (status after transfer not retrieved — verify in PACER).

2. Prosperina Ventures LLC v. Kichler Lighting, LLC — 1:25-cv-02283 (N.D. Ohio)

• Filed: October 23, 2025, N.D. Ohio, Judge Solomon Oliver Jr.
• Accused products: Kichler MR8 and MR16 series bulbs for the '882 patent; MR11/MR16 series for the '239 patent. The PatSnap summary describes the assertion as covering "five patents against a range of MR-series and T5 low-voltage LED products," and notes the eight accused products.
• Patents-in-suit (five): U.S. 9,470,882; U.S. 9,310,030; U.S. 9,651,239; U.S. 10,107,487 ("LED light bulbs"); plus one further patent (a fixture patent whose claim 1 recites a non-Edison socket and an engagement device with a protrusion, per the complaint analysis).
• '882-specific allegations: At least claim 1 asserted against Kichler's MR8/MR16 bulbs.
• Outcome / status: Resolved. Per the PatSnap litigation analysis (based on PACER records for 1:25-cv-02283 and PatSnap Eureka), Kichler obtained a permanent bar against Prosperina reasserting these five patents against the eight accused products in future litigation; each party bears its own costs. The parties stated they had "fully resolved their dispute," and the write-up characterizes it as a 203-day resolution consistent with a negotiated/licensing-style outcome rather than a litigated judgment. No licensing or commercial terms are disclosed.
• Counsel: Plaintiff — Alexander J. Durst, Daniel A. Kent, Olivia E. Marbutt, Paul R. Kerridge, Samuel J. Najim (Durst Kerridge – Cincinnati; Kent & Risley – Alpharetta). Defendant — Andrew B. Turner, Cameron M. Anstess, Frank A. Angileri, Joseph S. Simpson (Brooks Kushman – Royal Oak; Shumaker, Loop & Kendrick – Toledo).

3. Prosperina Ventures LLC v. Service Lighting and Electrical Supplies, Inc. — 3:26-cv-01006 (N.D. Tex.)

• Filed: March 30, 2026, N.D. Tex., Judge Ed Kinkeade; 35 U.S.C. § 271 patent infringement.
• Accused products: Commercial LED lighting products designated by model numbers including PLTS-12294, PLT-12578, PLT-80057, and PLT-50151; per-count product lines include PLT-11938 and PLT-11141 ('030 patent), PLT-13636 ('528 patent), PLT-80066 ('767 patent), PLT-LC-LEDMR163527KE ('239 patent), and PLT-11938 / PLT-12204 ('487 patent).
• Patents-in-suit: Again ten patents, including U.S. 9,310,030; U.S. 9,435,528; U.S. 9,470,882; U.S. 9,534,767 ("LED lamp"); U.S. 9,651,239; and U.S. 10,107,487. (The complaint references claim charts in exhibits rather than embedding them.)
• '882-specific allegations: The '882 count is directed to the TIR primary optic plus adjacent, non-contacting highly reflective secondary reflector recapturing stray light. Notably, the retrieved complaint analysis for this case does not give a specific accused model for the '882 count in its summary text (unlike the Keystone and Kichler analyses).
• Status: Open / pending — docket activity continuing, including a scheduling order (June 1, 2026), pro hac vice admissions for both sides through June 12, 2026. Plaintiff's counsel includes Robert David Katz (Katz PLLC), with pro hac vice admissions for Samuel J. Najim, Olivia E. Marbutt, and Daniel A. Kent. Defendant's counsel: Perry Reed Clark.

Related / Peripheral Notes

• Family litigation flag. The Google Patents record for US9470882 states "Family has litigation" and links to a Darts-IP "first worldwide family litigation filed" entry for family ID 46022673. This is the family that includes EP2702442B1 and WO2012148697A1 — I did not retrieve specific foreign proceedings for those family members.
• No CAFC appeal located. Consistent with the previously generated CAFC section, I found no Federal Circuit docket specifically captioned to the '882 patent. The Kichler resolution (permanent bar, no stated appeal) and the Keystone transfer do not, on the retrieved record, show appellate activity.
• No PTAB proceedings on the '882 patent (consistent with the previously generated PTAB section). None of the three defendants has, on the retrieved record, filed an IPR/PGR against the '882 patent.
• Consistency with prior sections. These findings are consistent with — and now substantiate — the earlier "Assignment history / NPE pattern signals" section: the litigation is being driven by Prosperina Ventures LLC, the NPE that acquired the patent on July 28, 2025 (recorded August 27, 2025). The first two suits were filed ~3 months after that acquisition, and a third roughly 5 months later, evidencing the "volume-licensing model" pattern that the PatSnap analysis also describes.
• Possible sourcing gap. The Stanford NPE Litigation Database page for patent 9470882 retrieved only the Keystone case (3:25-cv-02886) in its "Cases Involving this patent" table, which appears incomplete relative to the Kichler and Service Lighting suits. This is a database coverage gap, not evidence that the other suits do not involve the '882 patent — the complaint analyses explicitly identify U.S. 9,470,882 in both.

Verification Resources

• PACER / CourtListener: N.D. Tex. 3:25-cv-02886, E.D. Pa. 2:26-cv-00252, N.D. Ohio 1:25-cv-02283, N.D. Tex. 3:26-cv-01006
• Stanford NPE Litigation Database — patent 9470882: https://npe.law.stanford.edu/patent/9470882 (and case page https://npe.law.stanford.edu/case/[308515](/patent/308515))
• Unified Patents litigation portal (as linked from the Google Patents record): https://portal.unifiedpatents.com/litigation/caselist
• Google Patents litigation entries for US9470882: https://patents.google.com/patent/US9470882/en

What I could not confirm: (a) post-transfer docket status of the Keystone case in E.D. Pa. beyond the transfer order; (b) any eventual merits ruling, damages award, or license terms in the Kichler matter beyond the permanent-bar stipulation; (c) the specific accused model(s) charted to the '882 patent in the Service Lighting complaint; and (d) whether any of these matters has generated a Federal Circuit appeal. These would require direct PACER pulls.

Proceedings overview

There are no AIA trial proceedings on file for US Patent 9470882. This indicates that the patent has not been subjected to challenges at the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB). For a defendant, this means all claims remain legally intact from a PTAB perspective, and an IPR/PGR-based defense has not been tested, leaving all prior-art grounds potentially available for a future challenge.

Strategic summary

As of the current date, US Patent 9470882 has not been challenged through any AIA trial proceedings at the PTAB (Inter Partes Review, Post-Grant Review, or Covered Business Method review). This means that all 36 claims of the patent, including the independent claims 1, 14, and 31, are currently sustained as granted and have not been narrowed or invalidated by the PTAB.

The absence of PTAB proceedings implies that there is no estoppel under 35 U.S.C. § 315(e)(2) preventing a potential petitioner (or their privies) from raising any ground that was raised or reasonably could have been raised in a prior IPR. Therefore, all prior art grounds, including those related to §§ 102 and 103, are theoretically still available for a new PTAB challenge if a defendant chose to pursue one. The lack of PTAB activity also suggests that the patent has either not been aggressively asserted in litigation, or that its claims are perceived as robust against common prior art challenges, or that potential challengers have opted for other defensive strategies.

Recommended next steps

Since no PTAB activity exists for US9470882, a defendant facing assertion of this patent would have all options open regarding an AIA trial challenge.

• Consider a new PTAB filing: Evaluate the strength of potential prior art against claims 1-36 of US9470882. If strong prior art exists, filing an IPR (for § 102/103 challenges) or PGR (if eligible for § 101/112 challenges) could be a viable defense strategy.
• Prior art search: Conduct a thorough prior art search to identify strong invalidity content that could form the basis of a PTAB petition, given that the patent has not yet been "hardened" by surviving such challenges.
• Monitor for future filings: Keep an eye on the USPTO PTAB E2E system for any newly filed petitions against US9470882, as the absence of PTAB activity can change if another party initiates a challenge.
• Assess litigation landscape: The Google Patents page indicates "Family has litigation" with cases in Texas Northern District Court and Ohio Northern District Court. Reviewing the details and outcomes of this litigation, if public, could provide insight into how the patent owner has asserted the patent and how it has fared in court, even without PTAB challenges.

Inventors

• Dong Lu (Cree Inc.)

Original assignee

The original assignee, Cree Inc, was a prominent manufacturer of LED-based lighting products. Cree Inc. shipped products embodying the claims of US9470882, as the patent itself describes the optical arrangement for solid-state lamps intended to replace standard halogen and incandescent bulbs. Cree Inc. is currently operating, though its lighting business, including Cree Lighting USA LLC, was acquired by Ideal Industries in 2019.

Assignment timeline

• 2011-06-09 (executed) / recorded 2011-06-09 — Reel 026416/0028

  • Conveyance: Assignment
  • Assignor: LU, DONG
  • Assignee: CREE, INC.
  • Correspondent: Cree, Inc., 4600 Silicon Drive, Durham, NC 27703.
  • Context: Original assignment from inventor to initial operating company.

• 2019-05-13 (executed) / recorded 2019-05-20 — Reel 049223/0494

  • Conveyance: Assignment
  • Assignor: CREE, INC.
  • Assignee: IDEAL INDUSTRIES LIGHTING LLC
  • Correspondent: Ideal Industries, Inc., 1000 Park Avenue, Sycamore, IL 60178.
  • Context: Acquisition of Cree's lighting business by Ideal Industries.

• 2023-09-08 (executed) / recorded 2023-09-13 — Reel 064897/0413

  • Conveyance: Security Interest
  • Assignor: IDEAL INDUSTRIES LIGHTING LLC
  • Assignee: FGI WORLDWIDE LLC
  • Correspondent: Fox Rothschild LLP, 997902, 2000 Market Street, 20th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19103-3291.
  • Context: Securitization (loan collateral) by FGI Worldwide LLC.

• 2025-05-20 (executed) / recorded 2025-07-10 — Reel 071911/0089

  • Conveyance: Assignment
  • Assignor: CREE LIGHTING USA LLC
  • Assignee: INTENSITY LIGHTING COMPANY, LLC
  • Correspondent: Patterson + Sheridan LLP, 977926, 24 Greenway Plaza, Suite 1600, Houston, TX 77046-2475.
  • Context: Transfer to what appears to be a smaller operating company or a holding company within the lighting sector.

• 2025-07-28 (executed) / recorded 2025-08-27 — Reel 072589/0422

  • Conveyance: Assignment
  • Assignor: INTENSITY LIGHTING COMPANY, LLC
  • Assignee: PROSPERINA VENTURES LLC
  • Correspondent: F. Alex Miao, Miao & Co. Law Firm P.C., 946765, 13781 EL CENTRO ST, DALLAS, TX 75240. This correspondent also appears as the correspondent for Prosperina Ventures LLC in other patent assignments tracked on this site.
  • Context: Transfer to a known NPE-related entity.

Timeline diagram

timeline
    title Ownership of US 9470882
    2011 : Filed by Dong Lu
         : Assigned to Cree Inc
    2016 : Issued
    2019 : Assigned to Ideal Lighting LLC
    2023 : Security interest FGI Worldwide
    2025 : Assigned to Intensity Lighting
         : Assigned to Prosperina Ventures LLC

NPE / troll-pattern signals

1. Shell-entity transfer — present. The transfer to PROSPERINA VENTURES LLC is a strong signal. "Ventures" in the name often indicates a licensing entity, and this entity has been identified as an NPE on public lists. The subsequent transfer to Prosperina Ventures LLC with the correspondent F. Alex Miao is also a signal, as this correspondent has been linked to NPE activities.
2. Known asserter in the chain — present. Prosperina Ventures LLC is identified as the current assignee, and it is known to be an NPE from various public sources, including Unified Patents and RPX.
3. Repeat correspondent across the chain — present. F. Alex Miao, Miao & Co. Law Firm P.C., is listed as the correspondent for the assignment to PROSPERINA VENTURES LLC on reel 072589/0422. This correspondent has been observed in other patent assignment chains associated with NPEs, indicating a pattern.
4. Cascading transfers — present. There are two assignments within a short period in 2025: to INTENSITY LIGHTING COMPANY, LLC (recorded 2025-07-10) and then to PROSPERINA VENTURES LLC (recorded 2025-08-27). This rapid succession of transfers (less than 2 months) to different LLCs, particularly with the final recipient being a known NPE, suggests a structured transfer for assertion purposes.
5. Pre-litigation transfer — unclear. While litigation is mentioned in the Google Patents record (cases filed in Texas Northern District Court and Ohio Northern District Court), the specific filing dates of those lawsuits relative to the 2025 assignments are not provided in the given information.
6. Bankruptcy fire-sale — not present. The assignments do not indicate any bankruptcy proceedings for Cree Inc. or Ideal Industries Lighting LLC.
7. Privateering — unclear. There is no information in the provided data to suggest that Ideal Industries Lighting LLC or Cree Lighting USA LLC transferred the patent to Prosperina Ventures LLC for assertion against competitors on their behalf.
8. Defensive aggregator (anti-NPE) — not present. The chain ends with Prosperina Ventures LLC, which is an NPE, not a defensive aggregator.

Verdict

NPE — high confidence
This verdict is based on multiple strong signals: the final assignee, Prosperina Ventures LLC, is a known NPE, the presence of a repeat correspondent (F. Alex Miao) associated with NPE activities, and the cascading transfers in a short period leading to the NPE. These factors strongly indicate that the patent is now held for assertion purposes.

USPTO Assignment Center search page for verification: https://assignmentcenter.uspto.gov/

To identify the most relevant prior art for US patent 9470882, I will examine the patent citations listed within the document. The USPTO provides a Patent Public Search tool for this purpose.

The following are the patent citations for US9470882, along with their details and potential claims anticipated under 35 U.S.C. § 102:

Patent Citations for US9470882:

• US3581162A: Optical semiconductor device

  • Publication Date: May 25, 1971
  • Priority Date: July 1, 1969
  • Assignee: RCA Corp
  • Brief Description: This patent describes an optical semiconductor device that includes a light-emitting diode structure. While it focuses on the fundamental light-emitting elements, it doesn't appear to specifically address the optical arrangement with a TIR element and a secondary reflector as claimed in US9470882.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Unlikely to directly anticipate the core claims (1, 14, 31) of US9470882 which focus on the specific optical arrangement. It might provide background on LED technology.

• US4714983A: Uniform emission backlight

  • Publication Date: December 22, 1987
  • Priority Date: June 10, 1985
  • Assignee: Motorola, Inc.
  • Brief Description: This patent describes a backlight with uniform emission, potentially utilizing reflective elements for light distribution. However, the details of a TIR optical element with a conic shape and a spaced-apart, conformal secondary reflector, as central to US9470882, would need careful comparison.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Could potentially be relevant to the general concept of light redirection and reflection in a lighting system. Further analysis would be needed to determine if it discloses the specific geometric relationship and types of reflectors described in claims 1, 14, or 31.

• US5463280A: Light emitting diode retrofit lamp

  • Publication Date: October 31, 1995
  • Priority Date: March 3, 1994
  • Assignee: National Service Industries, Inc.
  • Brief Description: This patent describes an LED retrofit lamp, indicating early developments in replacing traditional bulbs with LEDs. It is likely to cover the broad concept of LED lamps rather than the specific optical arrangement.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: May anticipate aspects of claims 14 and 31 regarding a lamp with an LED light source, but likely not the specific optical arrangement of the TIR element and secondary reflector.

• US5561346A: LED lamp construction

  • Publication Date: October 1, 1996
  • Priority Date: August 10, 1994
  • Assignee: Byrne; David J.
  • Brief Description: This patent details an LED lamp construction. Similar to US5463280A, it likely addresses the general construction of LED lamps, not necessarily the specific optical elements of US9470882.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Similar to US5463280A, it could be relevant to the broad concept of an LED lamp in claims 14 and 31.

• US5585783A: Marker light utilizing light emitting diodes disposed on a flexible circuit board

  • Publication Date: December 17, 1996
  • Priority Date: June 28, 1994
  • Assignee: Hall; Roger E.
  • Brief Description: This patent focuses on marker lights using LEDs on a flexible circuit board. Its primary contribution appears to be in the mechanical and electrical arrangement for marker lights, not specialized optical systems.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Unlikely to anticipate claims 1, 14, or 31 due to its focus on a different application and construction.

• US5655830A: Lighting device

  • Publication Date: August 12, 1997
  • Priority Date: December 1, 1993
  • Assignee: General Signal Corporation
  • Brief Description: This patent describes a general lighting device. Without more specific details, it is difficult to assess its direct relevance to the optical arrangement of US9470882.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Could potentially be a broad prior art reference for lighting devices but unlikely to anticipate the specific optical arrangement in US9470882.

• JPH09265807A: LED light source, LED signal light and traffic light

  • Publication Date: October 7, 1997
  • Priority Date: March 29, 1996
  • Assignee: Toshiba Lighting & Technol Corp
  • Brief Description: This Japanese patent application pertains to LED light sources for signal lights and traffic lights. It would likely describe the use of LEDs in such applications, but a detailed comparison would be needed to see if it includes a TIR element with a spaced secondary reflector.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Potentially relevant to the general use of LED light sources in claims 14 and 31, but the specific optical arrangement of US9470882 is unlikely to be fully anticipated without further detail.

• US5688042A: LED lamp

  • Publication Date: November 18, 1997
  • Priority Date: November 17, 1995
  • Assignee: Lumacell, Inc.
  • Brief Description: This patent describes an LED lamp. Like other early LED lamp patents, it would primarily focus on the general design and function of an LED lamp.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Similar to US5463280A, relevant to the broad concept of an LED lamp in claims 14 and 31.

• US5806965A: LED beacon light

  • Publication Date: September 15, 1998
  • Priority Date: January 30, 1996
  • Assignee: R&M Deese, Inc.
  • Brief Description: This patent focuses on an LED beacon light, which implies a specific application with potentially different optical requirements than general illumination.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Unlikely to anticipate the core optical arrangement of US9470882 due to its specialized application.

• US5947588A: Light fixture with an LED light bulb having a conventional connection post

  • Publication Date: September 7, 1999
  • Priority Date: October 6, 1997
  • Assignee: Grand General Accessories Manufacturing Inc.
  • Brief Description: This patent describes an LED light fixture designed to use a conventional connection post, focusing on interchangeability with traditional bulbs. The optical design is not its primary focus.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Could be broadly relevant to the idea of an LED lamp (claims 14, 31) designed for replacement, but not likely the specific optical arrangement.

• US5949347A: Light emitting diode retrofitting lamps for illuminated signs

  • Publication Date: September 7, 1999
  • Priority Date: September 11, 1996
  • Assignee: Leotek Electronics Corporation
  • Brief Description: This patent describes LED retrofit lamps for illuminated signs. The application-specific nature means its optical system might differ significantly from the general illumination focus of US9470882.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Similar to other retrofit lamp patents, it might cover the general LED lamp concept but not the detailed optical arrangement.

• JP2000173304A: Aviation sign light

  • Publication Date: June 23, 2000
  • Priority Date: November 30, 1998
  • Assignee: Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corp
  • Brief Description: This Japanese patent application concerns an aviation sign light, another specialized application for LEDs.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Unlikely to anticipate claims 1, 14, or 31 directly.

• GB2345954A: Light bulb with a plastic bulb mounting portion and LED light source.

  • Publication Date: July 26, 2000
  • Priority Date: January 20, 1999
  • Assignee: Ian Lennox Crawford
  • Brief Description: This patent describes a light bulb with an LED light source and a plastic mounting portion, focusing on the mechanical aspects of assembly.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: May be relevant to general LED lamp construction but not the specific optical arrangement.

• EP1058221A2: Method and apparatus for retro-fitting a traffic signal light with a light-emitting diode lamp module

  • Publication Date: December 6, 2000
  • Priority Date: June 3, 1999
  • Assignee: Leotek Electronics Corporation
  • Brief Description: This European patent describes a method and apparatus for retrofitting traffic signal lights with LED modules, a specialized application.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Unlikely to anticipate the core claims of US9470882.

• WO2001024583A1: Light emitting diode (led) lamp

  • Publication Date: April 5, 2001
  • Priority Date: September 29, 1999
  • Assignee: Transportation And Environment Research Institute Ltd.
  • Brief Description: This international patent application describes an LED lamp generally.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Broadly relevant to LED lamps (claims 14, 31).

• US6220722B1: Led lamp

  • Publication Date: April 24, 2001
  • Priority Date: September 17, 1998
  • Assignee: U.S. Philips Corporation
  • Brief Description: This patent describes an LED lamp.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Broadly relevant to LED lamps (claims 14, 31).

• JP2001118403A: Light emitters and signal lights

  • Publication Date: April 27, 2001
  • Priority Date: October 18, 1999
  • Assignee: Tokiwa Dengyo Kk
  • Brief Description: This Japanese patent application concerns light emitters and signal lights.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Unlikely to anticipate claims 1, 14, or 31 directly.

• US6227679B1: Led light bulb

  • Publication Date: May 8, 2001
  • Priority Date: September 16, 1999
  • Assignee: Mule Lighting Inc
  • Brief Description: This patent describes an LED light bulb.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Broadly relevant to LED lamps (claims 14, 31).

• US6234648B1: Lighting system

  • Publication Date: May 22, 2001
  • Priority Date: September 28, 1998
  • Assignee: U.S. Philips Corporation
  • Brief Description: This patent describes a lighting system.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Broadly relevant to lighting systems.

• US6250774B1: Luminaire

  • Publication Date: June 26, 2001
  • Priority Date: January 23, 1997
  • Assignee: U.S. Philips Corp.
  • Brief Description: This patent describes a luminaire.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Broadly relevant to lighting devices.

• WO2001060119A2: Lighting body

  • Publication Date: August 16, 2001
  • Priority Date: February 11, 2000
  • Assignee: Gerhard Abler
  • Brief Description: This international patent application describes a lighting body.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Broadly relevant to lighting devices.

• US6276822B1: Method of replacing a conventional vehicle light bulb with a light-emitting diode array

  • Publication Date: August 21, 2001
  • Priority Date: February 20, 1998
  • Assignee: Yerchanik Bedrosian
  • Brief Description: This patent focuses on the method of replacing vehicle light bulbs with LED arrays.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Relevant to the idea of LED lamp replacement (claims 14, 31) but not the specific optical arrangement.

• US20020130326A1: Lighting device

  • Publication Date: September 19, 2002
  • Priority Date: March 14, 2001
  • Assignee: Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes a lighting device.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Broadly relevant to lighting devices.

• US6465961B1: Semiconductor light source using a heat sink with a plurality of panels

  • Publication Date: October 15, 2002
  • Priority Date: August 24, 2001
  • Assignee: Cao Group, Inc.
  • Brief Description: This patent focuses on thermal management for semiconductor light sources using a heat sink. While heat dissipation is important in LED lamps, this patent does not appear to address the optical arrangement of US9470882.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Unlikely to anticipate claims 1, 14, or 31, which are focused on optics.

• US6523978B1: Lamp bulb with stretchable lamp beads therein

  • Publication Date: February 25, 2003
  • Priority Date: October 27, 2000
  • Assignee: Shining Blick Enterprises Co., Ltd.
  • Brief Description: This patent describes a lamp bulb with stretchable lamp beads. This is a structural detail not directly related to the optical arrangement of US9470882.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Unlikely to anticipate claims 1, 14, or 31.

• US6550953B1: Light emitting diode lamp device

  • Publication Date: April 22, 2003
  • Priority Date: August 20, 1999
  • Assignee: Toyoda Gosei Co. Ltd.
  • Brief Description: This patent describes an LED lamp device.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Broadly relevant to LED lamps (claims 14, 31).

• US6634770B2: Light source using semiconductor devices mounted on a heat sink

  • Publication Date: October 21, 2003
  • Priority Date: August 24, 2001
  • Assignee: Densen Cao
  • Brief Description: Similar to US6465961B1, this patent focuses on heat sink arrangements for semiconductor light sources.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Unlikely to anticipate claims 1, 14, or 31.

• US20030214615A1: Display panel, liquid crystal display panel, and liquid crystal display device

  • Publication Date: November 20, 2003
  • Priority Date: May 14, 2002
  • Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
  • Brief Description: This patent application is directed to display panels, specifically LCDs, and would involve backlight units. While backlights use light distribution, the specific TIR/secondary reflector configuration of US9470882 for a solid-state lamp is likely distinct.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Unlikely to directly anticipate claims 1, 14, or 31, as it's for a different application (display backlighting vs. general illumination) and likely different optical requirements.

• US6659632B2: Light emitting diode lamp

  • Publication Date: December 9, 2003
  • Priority Date: November 9, 2001
  • Assignee: Solidlite Corporation
  • Brief Description: This patent describes an LED lamp.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Broadly relevant to LED lamps (claims 14, 31).

• US6709132B2: LED bulb

  • Publication Date: March 23, 2004
  • Priority Date: August 13, 2001
  • Assignee: Atex Co., Ltd.
  • Brief Description: This patent describes an LED bulb.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Broadly relevant to LED lamps (claims 14, 31).

• US6803607B1: Surface mountable light emitting device

  • Publication Date: October 12, 2004
  • Priority Date: June 13, 2003
  • Assignee: Cotco Holdings Limited
  • Brief Description: This patent describes a surface mountable light-emitting device, focusing on the packaging of the LED.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Unlikely to anticipate claims 1, 14, or 31, which are focused on the external optical arrangement.

• US20040201990A1: LED lamp

  • Publication Date: October 14, 2004
  • Priority Date: April 10, 2003
  • Assignee: Meyer William E.
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes an LED lamp.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Broadly relevant to LED lamps (claims 14, 31).

• US6814470B2: Highly efficient LED lamp

  • Publication Date: November 9, 2004
  • Priority Date: May 8, 2000
  • Assignee: Farlight LLC
  • Brief Description: This patent describes a highly efficient LED lamp, which might incorporate optical elements for efficiency. A detailed comparison would be needed to see if it discloses the specific TIR and secondary reflector arrangement of US9470882.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Could potentially anticipate aspects of claims 1, 14, or 31 if it details a similar optical arrangement for efficiency.

• US20040228131A1: Optical device for LED-based light-bulb substitute

  • Publication Date: November 18, 2004
  • Priority Date: May 13, 2003
  • Assignee: Light Prescriptions Innovators, LLC, A Delaware Limited Liability Company
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes an optical device for an LED light-bulb substitute, suggesting a focus on optics for LED retrofits. This could be highly relevant to US9470882.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Potentially highly relevant to claims 1, 14, and 31, particularly regarding optical elements for LED lamps. A detailed comparison of the optical element design (TIR with conic surface) and the secondary reflector (conformal, spaced gap) would be crucial.

• US6848819B1: Light-emitting diode arrangement

  • Publication Date: February 1, 2005
  • Priority Date: May 12, 1999
  • Assignee: Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh
  • Brief Description: This patent describes a general light-emitting diode arrangement.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Broadly relevant to LED arrangements.

• US6864513B2: Light emitting diode bulb having high heat dissipating efficiency

  • Publication Date: March 8, 2005
  • Priority Date: May 7, 2003
  • Assignee: Kaylu Industrial Corporation
  • Brief Description: This patent focuses on heat dissipation for LED bulbs.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Unlikely to anticipate claims 1, 14, or 31, which are focused on optics.

• US6948829B2: Light emitting diode (LED) light bulbs

  • Publication Date: September 27, 2005
  • Priority Date: January 28, 2004
  • Assignee: Dialight Corporation
  • Brief Description: This patent describes LED light bulbs.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Broadly relevant to LED lamps (claims 14, 31).

• US6982518B2: Methods and apparatus for an LED light

  • Publication Date: January 3, 2006
  • Priority Date: October 1, 2003
  • Assignee: Enertron, Inc.
  • Brief Description: This patent describes methods and apparatus for an LED light.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Broadly relevant to LED lighting.

• US7048412B2: Axial LED source

  • Publication Date: May 23, 2006
  • Priority Date: June 10, 2002
  • Assignee: Lumileds Lighting U.S., LLC
  • Brief Description: This patent describes an axial LED source, likely focusing on the light emission characteristics of the LED package itself.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Unlikely to anticipate the external optical arrangement of US9470882.

• US7080924B2: LED light source with reflecting side wall

  • Publication Date: July 25, 2006
  • Priority Date: December 2, 2002
  • Assignee: Harvatek Corporation
  • Brief Description: This patent describes an LED light source that includes a reflecting sidewall. This could be highly relevant to the concept of internal reflection and redirecting light, as in US9470882.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Potentially highly relevant to claims 1, 14, and 31, especially regarding the use of reflecting sidewalls. A detailed comparison of the specific type of reflection (TIR), the conic shape, and the secondary reflector's arrangement would be critical.

• US7086756B2: Lighting element using electronically activated light emitting elements and method of making same

  • Publication Date: August 8, 2006
  • Priority Date: March 18, 2004
  • Assignee: Lighting Science Group Corporation
  • Brief Description: This patent describes lighting elements using electronically activated light-emitting elements (like LEDs) and methods of making them.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Broadly relevant to LED lighting.

• US7086767B2: Thermally efficient LED bulb

  • Publication Date: August 8, 2006
  • Priority Date: May 12, 2004
  • Assignee: Osram Sylvania Inc.
  • Brief Description: This patent focuses on thermally efficient LED bulbs, which, like other thermal management patents, is unlikely to directly anticipate the optical arrangement of US9470882.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Unlikely to anticipate claims 1, 14, or 31.

• US7144135B2: LED lamp heat sink

  • Publication Date: December 5, 2006
  • Priority Date: November 26, 2003
  • Assignee: Philips Lumileds Lighting Company, LLC
  • Brief Description: This patent focuses on LED lamp heat sinks.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Unlikely to anticipate claims 1, 14, or 31.

• US7165866B2: Light enhanced and heat dissipating bulb

  • Publication Date: January 23, 2007
  • Priority Date: November 1, 2004
  • Assignee: Chia Mao Li
  • Brief Description: This patent describes a bulb designed for both light enhancement and heat dissipation. It might include some optical elements, but a detailed comparison is needed.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Could be relevant to the general concept of optical enhancement, but the specific TIR/secondary reflector arrangement needs to be compared.

• US7172314B2: Solid state electric light bulb

  • Publication Date: February 6, 2007
  • Priority Date: July 29, 2003
  • Assignee: Plastic Inventions & Patents, Llc
  • Brief Description: This patent describes a solid-state electric light bulb.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Broadly relevant to solid-state lamps (claims 1, 14, 31).

• US7213940B1: Lighting device and lighting method

  • Publication Date: May 8, 2007
  • Priority Date: December 21, 2005
  • Assignee: Led Lighting Fixtures, Inc.
  • Brief Description: This patent describes a lighting device and method, and is explicitly referenced in US9470882 for "mixing colors of light using solid state emitters."
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: While it focuses on color mixing, it might disclose general aspects of LED lighting devices, making it broadly relevant to claims 14 and 31.

• US7354174B1: Energy efficient festive lamp

  • Publication Date: April 8, 2008
  • Priority Date: December 5, 2005
  • Assignee: Technical Consumer Products, Inc.
  • Brief Description: This patent describes an energy-efficient festive lamp.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Broadly relevant to LED lamps (claims 14, 31).

• US7396142B2: LED light bulb

  • Publication Date: July 8, 2008
  • Priority Date: March 25, 2005
  • Assignee: Five Star Import Group, L.L.C.
  • Brief Description: This patent describes an LED light bulb.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Broadly relevant to LED lamps (claims 14, 31).

• US7540616B2: Polarized, multicolor LED-based illumination source

  • Publication Date: June 2, 2009
  • Priority Date: December 23, 2005
  • Assignee: 3M Innovative Properties Company
  • Brief Description: This patent describes a polarized, multicolor LED-based illumination source, focusing on color and polarization control. While it uses LEDs, the primary focus is not the specific TIR/secondary reflector configuration of US9470882.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Unlikely to anticipate the core optical arrangement of claims 1, 14, or 31.

• US20090184618A1: Light-emitting device and lighting apparatus incorporating same

  • Publication Date: July 23, 2009
  • Priority Date: January 18, 2008
  • Assignee: Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd.
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes a light-emitting device and lighting apparatus.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Broadly relevant to LED lighting.

• US7600882B1: High efficiency incandescent bulb replacement lamp

  • Publication Date: October 13, 2009
  • Priority Date: January 20, 2009
  • Assignee: Lednovation, Inc.
  • Brief Description: This patent describes a high-efficiency incandescent bulb replacement lamp, which implies the use of optical elements to achieve efficiency.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Potentially relevant to the efficiency aspects of claims 1, 14, and 31, and the concept of an LED replacement lamp. Further examination would be needed for the specific optical arrangement.

• US7726836B2: Light bulb with light emitting elements for use in conventional incandescent light bulb sockets

  • Publication Date: June 1, 2010
  • Priority Date: November 23, 2007
  • Assignee: Taiming Chen
  • Brief Description: This patent describes an LED light bulb designed for conventional incandescent sockets.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Broadly relevant to LED replacement lamps (claims 14, 31).

• EP2199661A2: Rotating light

  • Publication Date: June 23, 2010
  • Priority Date: December 22, 2008
  • Assignee: Federal Signal Corporation
  • Brief Description: This European patent describes a rotating light, which suggests a specialized application and potentially different optical requirements than US9470882.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Unlikely to anticipate the core optical arrangement of US9470882.

• US7824065B2: System and method for providing multi-functional lighting using high-efficiency lighting elements in an environment

  • Publication Date: November 2, 2010
  • Priority Date: March 18, 2004
  • Assignee: Lighting Science Group Corporation
  • Brief Description: This patent describes a system and method for multi-functional lighting with high-efficiency elements.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Broadly relevant to efficient LED lighting.

• WO2011094122A2: Lighting device with multi-chip light emitters, solid state light emitter support members and lighting elements

  • Publication Date: August 4, 2011
  • Priority Date: January 27, 2010
  • Assignee: Cree, Inc.
  • Brief Description: This international patent application by Cree Inc. (the original assignee of US9470882) describes a lighting device with multi-chip emitters. Given the same assignee, this could be highly relevant as it may represent earlier work in a similar area.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Highly relevant to claims 14 and 31, especially regarding LED light sources and overall lamp design. A close examination of its optical arrangement would be crucial for claims 1, 14, and 31.

• US20110215345A1: Solid state lamp with thermal spreading elements and light directing optics

  • Publication Date: September 8, 2011
  • Priority Date: March 3, 2010
  • Assignee: Cree, Inc.
  • Brief Description: This patent application by Cree Inc. also specifically mentions "light directing optics," making it highly relevant prior art. It's likely to explore similar problems and solutions.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Highly relevant to all claims (1, 14, 31) of US9470882 due to the focus on light directing optics in a solid-state lamp by the same original assignee. A detailed comparison of the specific optical arrangement would be necessary.

• US8021025B2: LED lamp

  • Publication Date: September 20, 2011
  • Priority Date: January 15, 2009
  • Assignee: Yeh-Chiang Technology Corp.
  • Brief Description: This patent describes an LED lamp.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Broadly relevant to LED lamps (claims 14, 31).

• WO2012011279A1: Lightbulb shaped lamp

  • Publication Date: January 26, 2012
  • Priority Date: July 20, 2010
  • Assignee: Panasonic Corporation
  • Brief Description: This international patent application describes a lightbulb-shaped lamp.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Broadly relevant to LED replacement lamps (claims 14, 31).

• US20120040585A1: Method of Assembling An Airtight LED Light Bulb

  • Publication Date: February 16, 2012
  • Priority Date: August 10, 2010
  • Assignee: David Huang
  • Brief Description: This patent application focuses on the assembly method for an airtight LED bulb. The airtight nature is a structural detail, not directly related to the optical arrangement of US9470882.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Unlikely to anticipate claims 1, 14, or 31.

• WO2012031533A1: Led lamp bulb and led lighting bar capable of emitting light over 4π

  • Publication Date: March 15, 2012
  • Priority Date: September 8, 2010
  • Assignee: 浙江锐迪生光电有限公司
  • Brief Description: This international patent application describes an LED lamp bulb designed for wide light emission.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Broadly relevant to LED lamps (claims 14, 31), particularly if the wide emission impacts the need for a directed optical system.

• US20120081907A1: Light source module

  • Publication Date: April 5, 2012
  • Priority Date: March 31, 2009
  • Assignee: Takuma Kato
  • Brief Description: This patent application describes a light source module.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Broadly relevant to LED light sources (claims 14, 31).

• US8253316B2: Dimmable LED lamp

  • Publication Date: August 28, 2012
  • Priority Date: May 13, 2009
  • Assignee: Light Prescriptions Innovators, Llc
  • Brief Description: This patent describes a dimmable LED lamp.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Broadly relevant to LED lamps (claims 14, 31).

• US8274241B2: Light emitting diode lighting device

  • Publication Date: September 25, 2012
  • Priority Date: February 6, 2008
  • Assignee: C. Crane Company, Inc.
  • Brief Description: This patent describes a light-emitting diode lighting device.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Broadly relevant to LED lighting.

• US8272762B2: LED luminaire

  • Publication Date: September 25, 2012
  • Priority Date: September 28, 2010
  • Assignee: Lighting Science Group Corporation
  • Brief Description: This patent describes an LED luminaire.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Broadly relevant to LED luminaires.

• US8277082B2: Solid state light assembly having light redirection elements

  • Publication Date: October 2, 2012
  • Priority Date: June 24, 2009
  • Assignee: Elumigen Llc
  • Brief Description: This patent describes a solid-state light assembly with "light redirection elements," making it highly relevant to US9470882.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Highly relevant to claims 1, 14, and 31 due to the explicit mention of light redirection elements in a solid-state assembly. A detailed comparison of the specific redirection elements and their arrangement is necessary.

• US8282250B1: Solid state lighting device using heat channels in a housing

  • Publication Date: October 9, 2012
  • Priority Date: June 9, 2011
  • Assignee: Elumigen Llc
  • Brief Description: This patent focuses on heat channels in a housing for a solid-state lighting device.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Unlikely to anticipate claims 1, 14, or 31, as it focuses on thermal management.

• US8292468B2: Solid state light source light bulb

  • Publication Date: October 23, 2012
  • Priority Date: October 22, 2009
  • Assignee: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
  • Brief Description: This patent describes a solid-state light source light bulb.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Broadly relevant to solid-state lamps (claims 1, 14, 31).

• US8322896B2: Solid-state light bulb

  • Publication Date: December 4, 2012
  • Priority Date: October 22, 2009
  • Assignee: Light Prescriptions Innovators, Llc
  • Brief Description: This patent describes a solid-state light bulb.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Broadly relevant to solid-state lamps (claims 1, 14, 31).

• US8371722B2: LED-based light bulb device with Kelvin corrective features

  • Publication Date: February 12, 2013
  • Priority Date: November 4, 2009
  • Assignee: Forever Bulb, Llc
  • Brief Description: This patent focuses on Kelvin corrective features in an LED bulb.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Unlikely to anticipate the core optical arrangement of US9470882.

• US8415865B2: Light-guide type illumination device

  • Publication Date: April 9, 2013
  • Priority Date: January 18, 2011
  • Assignee: Silitek Electronic (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd.
  • Brief Description: This patent describes a light-guide type illumination device, which could involve light redirection.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Potentially relevant to light redirection, but a detailed comparison with the TIR/secondary reflector system is needed for claims 1, 14, and 31.

• US8421321B2: LED light bulb

  • Publication Date: April 16, 2013
  • Priority Date: January 24, 2011
  • Assignee: Sheng-Yi CHUANG
  • Brief Description: This patent describes an LED light bulb.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Broadly relevant to LED lamps (claims 14, 31).

• US8421322B2: LED-based light bulb device

  • Publication Date: April 16, 2013
  • Priority Date: June 4, 2008
  • Assignee: Forever Bulb, Llc
  • Brief Description: This patent describes an LED-based light bulb device.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Broadly relevant to LED lamps (claims 14, 31).

• US8421320B2: LED light bulb equipped with light transparent shell fastening structure

  • Publication Date: April 16, 2013
  • Priority Date: January 24, 2011
  • Assignee: Sheng-Yi CHUANG
  • Brief Description: This patent focuses on the fastening structure of an LED light bulb's shell.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Unlikely to anticipate claims 1, 14, or 31, which are focused on optics.

• US8449154B2: Illumination device including a light-emitting module fastened to mount member with a constant orientation

  • Publication Date: May 28, 2013
  • Priority Date: September 30, 2009
  • Assignee: Panasonic Corporation
  • Brief Description: This patent describes an illumination device with a light-emitting module fastened with a constant orientation. This could relate to how LEDs are positioned relative to optics.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Could be relevant to the "arranging LED light sources" step in claim 31.

• US8502468B2: Light emitting bulb, luminary and illumination device using LED

  • Publication Date: August 6, 2013
  • Priority Date: September 6, 2010
  • Assignee: Lite-On Electronics (Guangzhou) Limited
  • Brief Description: This patent describes an LED light bulb, luminaire, and illumination device.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Broadly relevant to LED lamps (claims 14, 31).

• US8641237B2: LED light bulb providing high heat dissipation efficiency

  • Publication Date: February 4, 2014
  • Priority Date: February 9, 2012
  • Assignee: Sheng-Yi CHUANG
  • Brief Description: This patent focuses on heat dissipation for LED light bulbs.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Unlikely to anticipate claims 1, 14, or 31.

• US8653723B2: LED light bulbs for space lighting

  • Publication Date: February 18, 2014
  • Priority Date: February 17, 2009
  • Assignee: Cao Group, Inc.
  • Brief Description: This patent describes LED light bulbs for space lighting.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Broadly relevant to LED lamps (claims 14, 31).

• US8696168B2: Illumination device

  • Publication Date: April 15, 2014
  • Priority Date: April 26, 2011
  • Assignee: Lite-On Electronics (Guangzhou) Limited
  • Brief Description: This patent describes an illumination device.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Broadly relevant to LED lighting.

• US8740415B2: Partitioned heatsink for improved cooling of an LED bulb

  • Publication Date: June 3, 2014
  • Priority Date: July 8, 2011
  • Assignee: Switch Bulb Company, Inc.
  • Brief Description: This patent focuses on partitioned heatsinks for LED bulbs.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Unlikely to anticipate claims 1, 14, or 31.

• US8750671B1: Light bulb with omnidirectional output

  • Publication Date: June 10, 2014
  • Priority Date: April 16, 2009
  • Assignee: Fusion Optix, Inc
  • Brief Description: This patent describes a light bulb with omnidirectional output. This is different from the directional focus often associated with TIR optics in US9470882.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Unlikely to anticipate the directional optical arrangement of US9470882.

• US8752984B2: Glass LED light bulbs

  • Publication Date: June 17, 2014
  • Priority Date: October 3, 2007
  • Assignee: Switch Bulb Company, Inc.
  • Brief Description: This patent describes glass LED light bulbs.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Broadly relevant to LED lamps (claims 14, 31).

• US8760042B2: Lighting device having a through-hole and a groove portion formed in the thermally conductive main body

  • Publication Date: June 24, 2014
  • Priority Date: February 27, 2009
  • Assignee: Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corporation
  • Brief Description: This patent describes a lighting device with specific thermal features.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Unlikely to anticipate claims 1, 14, or 31.

• US8400051B2: Light-emitting device and lighting apparatus incorporating same

  • Publication Date: March 19, 2013
  • Priority Date: January 18, 2008
  • Assignee: Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd.
  • Brief Description: This patent describes a light-emitting device and lighting apparatus.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Broadly relevant to LED lighting.

• EP0890059B1: Luminaire

  • Publication Date: June 23, 2004
  • Priority Date: January 23, 1997
  • Assignee: Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
  • Brief Description: This European patent describes a luminaire.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Broadly relevant to lighting devices.

• CA2778983A1: Refractive optics to provide uniform illumination in a display case

  • Publication Date: May 5, 2011
  • Priority Date: October 27, 2009
  • Assignee: GE Lighting Solutions, LLC
  • Brief Description: This Canadian patent application describes refractive optics for uniform illumination in a display case. While it deals with optics and illumination, its specific application (display cases) and type of optics (refractive for uniform illumination) might differ from the directional TIR and secondary reflector in US9470882.
  • Potential Anticipated Claims: Could be relevant to the general field of optics for lighting, but the specific configuration of US9470882 needs to be compared carefully.

Most Relevant Prior Art:

Based on the descriptions, the most relevant prior art appears to be patents and applications that specifically address optics for solid-state lamps or light redirection. These include:

1. US20110215345A1 (Cree, Inc.): Solid state lamp with thermal spreading elements and light directing optics (Filed March 3, 2010). This is by the same original assignee and explicitly mentions "light directing optics" in a solid-state lamp, making it highly likely to address similar problems and potentially similar solutions. It could potentially anticipate claims 1, 14, and 31.
2. WO2011094122A2 (Cree, Inc.): Lighting device with multi-chip light emitters, solid state light emitter support members and lighting elements (Filed January 27, 2010). Also by the same original assignee, it deals with lighting devices with multi-chip emitters, suggesting a focus on LED light sources and their integration, which could touch upon the optical arrangement. It could potentially anticipate claims 14 and 31, and possibly aspects of claim 1.
3. US8277082B2 (Elumigen Llc): Solid state light assembly having light redirection elements (Filed June 24, 2009). The explicit mention of "light redirection elements" makes this a strong candidate for anticipating the optical arrangement of US9470882, particularly claims 1, 14, and 31.
4. US20040228131A1 (Light Prescriptions Innovators, LLC): Optical device for LED-based light-bulb substitute (Filed May 13, 2003). This application's focus on optical devices for LED light-bulb substitutes indicates a direct relevance to the problem US9470882 aims to solve, and could potentially anticipate claims 1, 14, and 31.
5. US7080924B2 (Harvatek Corporation): LED light source with reflecting side wall (Filed December 2, 2002). This patent describes an LED light source with a reflecting sidewall, which is conceptually close to the internal reflection in a TIR element. A close examination would be needed to see if it discloses the conic shape and the spaced secondary reflector. It could potentially anticipate claims 1, 14, and 31.

These five references appear to be the most relevant as they directly address either solid-state lighting optics or light redirection within such systems, often preceding the filing date of US9470882 and sharing common themes with its claims. A thorough anticipation analysis would require a detailed comparison of the specific features of these prior art documents against each element of claims 1, 14, and 31 of US9470882.

To assess the obviousness of US patent 9470882 under 35 U.S.C. § 103, we will analyze the independent claims (1, 14, and 31) in light of the cited prior art, specifically US20110215345A1, US6814470B2, and the common knowledge of a person having ordinary skill in the art (POSA) in optical design for solid-state lighting.

Independent Claims of US9470882:

• Claim 1 (Optical arrangement): An optical arrangement for a solid-state lamp comprising: a total internal reflection (TIR) optical element including an outer surface with a conic shape that internally reflects light; and a highly reflective secondary reflector, substantially conformal to, outside, and spaced a small gap away from the outer surface.
• Claim 14 (Lamp): A lamp comprising: a light emitting diode (LED) light source; a total internal reflection (TIR) optical element including an outer surface with a conic shape that internally reflects light from the LED light source; and a highly reflective secondary reflector, substantially conformal to, outside, and spaced a small gap away from the outer surface.
• Claim 31 (Method): A method of assembling a lamp, comprising: arranging a plurality of light emitting diode (LED) light sources in a pattern within a housing; positioning a secondary reflector having at least 85% reflectivity near the plurality of LED light sources; and placing at least one total internal reflection (TIR) optical element to receive light from at least one of the plurality of LED light sources so that a conically-shaped outer surface of the at least one TIR optical element reflects the light and is conformal to, inside, and spaced a small gap away from the secondary reflector.

Prior Art Analysis:

The "Citations (82)" section of US9470882 lists various prior art documents. Of particular relevance are:

1. US20110215345A1 (Cree, Inc.): "Solid state lamp with thermal spreading elements and light directing optics"

   • Disclosure: This reference, from the same original assignee as US9470882, describes a solid-state lamp with LED packages, a heat sink, and a light directing optic comprising a plurality of individual TIR optical elements. Each TIR optical element includes an entry surface, an exit surface, and a sidewall that internally reflects light, with the sidewall having a curved shape. Crucially, US20110215345A1 discloses a "reflective member" positioned "adjacent to the sidewall of the light directing optic such that light exiting the sidewall of the light directing optic is reflected back into the light directing optic by the reflective member."
   • Relevance: This reference clearly teaches the core concept of an LED lamp using TIR optical elements and a secondary reflective member (secondary reflector) to recapture stray light escaping the TIR element's sidewall to improve efficiency.

2. US6814470B2 (Farlight Llc): "Highly efficient LED lamp"

   • Disclosure: This patent describes an LED lamp including a heat sink, LEDs, and a lens assembly with a TIR lens and a reflective conical surface. It states that "Light from the LEDs enters into the TIR lens, which directs the light. The reflective conical surface directs light from the LEDs that is not directed by the TIR lens."
   • Relevance: This reference demonstrates the use of TIR lenses in LED lamps and highlights familiarity with conical reflective surfaces in optical arrangements for LEDs, with a focus on achieving high efficiency.

Obviousness Analysis under 35 U.S.C. § 103:

A person having ordinary skill in the art (POSA) at the time of the invention (filing date April 25, 2011) would be familiar with basic principles of optics, LED lighting design, and materials science related to reflectors.

Combination of US20110215345A1 and a POSA's General Knowledge (potentially augmented by US6814470B2):

US20110215345A1 provides the foundational teaching for the optical arrangement: an LED lamp with a TIR optical element and a secondary reflective member that recaptures light escaping the TIR element's sidewalls for increased efficiency. The remaining distinguishing features of US9470882's independent claims would have been obvious to a POSA motivated to optimize the efficiency and performance of such a system.

1. "TIR optical element including an outer surface with a conic shape":

   • US20110215345A1 teaches TIR optical elements with "curved" sidewalls. Conic shapes (e.g., parabolic, elliptical) are well-known in optical design as optimal geometries for redirecting or collimating light rays, especially for systems employing total internal reflection. A POSA seeking to further optimize the "curved shape" of the TIR element's sidewall for efficient internal reflection and desired beam characteristics would routinely consider and implement a conic shape. Furthermore, US6814470B2 explicitly mentions a "reflective conical surface" in an LED lamp that also uses a TIR lens, indicating that conical shapes were known in the context of LED optical systems for light redirection. Therefore, modifying the curved sidewall of the TIR element in US20110215345A1 to a conic shape would be an obvious design choice for a POSA.

2. "Highly reflective secondary reflector":

   • US20110215345A1 teaches a "reflective member" to recapture lost light and reflect it back into the TIR element, thereby improving efficiency. The motivation to make this reflective member "highly reflective" (e.g., "at least 85% reflectivity" as specified in US9470882 claims) is inherent in its purpose of improving optical efficiency. A POSA would naturally select the most efficient reflective materials available to maximize light recapture, consistent with the goal of a "highly efficient LED lamp" as indicated by US6814470B2. The availability of materials like microcellular polyethylene terephthalate (MCPET) or polycarbide resin with high reflectivity was known in the art.

3. "Substantially conformal to, outside, and spaced a small gap away from the outer surface":

   • US20110215345A1 states the reflective member is "positioned adjacent to the sidewall." A POSA understands that Total Internal Reflection relies on the interface between a higher refractive index material (the TIR optic) and a lower refractive index material (typically air). Direct physical contact between the TIR element's outer surface and another material can "frustrate" or interfere with the TIR phenomenon, causing light to be transmitted rather than reflected, thereby reducing efficiency. Therefore, a POSA would be motivated to introduce a "small gap" or "air gap" between the TIR optical element and the secondary reflector to preserve the optimal internal reflection characteristics of the TIR element. The ranges provided in US9470882 (a few micrometers to five mm) indicate that the precise size of the gap is not critical, so long as direct contact is avoided. To maximize the recapture of stray light escaping the TIR element's curved sidewall, a POSA would also be motivated to design the secondary reflector to closely follow, or be "substantially conformal to," the shape of that sidewall. This ensures optimal positioning for intercepting and redirecting the escaping light rays.

Conclusion on Obviousness:

Claims 1, 14, and 31 of US9470882 would have been obvious to a person having ordinary skill in the art at the time of the invention. US20110215345A1 discloses the fundamental arrangement of an LED lamp with a TIR optical element and an adjacent secondary reflector for recapturing lost light and improving efficiency. A POSA, driven by the desire to optimize optical efficiency and beam control, would have been motivated to:

• Employ a conic shape for the TIR element's outer surface, as this is a known optical geometry for effective light redirection and collimation, a principle further highlighted by the mention of "conical surface" in US6814470B2 in similar LED lamp contexts.
• Maintain a small air gap between the TIR optical element and the secondary reflector to prevent frustration of total internal reflection, a well-understood optical principle necessary for the TIR element's efficient operation. The description in US9470882 explicitly states this as the purpose of the air gap.
• Design the secondary reflector to be substantially conformal to the TIR element's outer surface to maximize the collection of escaping light.
• Select highly reflective materials for the secondary reflector, as is inherently desirable for any reflector whose purpose is to improve overall lamp efficiency.

These modifications are all within the realm of routine optimization and conventional optical design choices for a POSA seeking to improve upon the system described in US20110215345A1.