Invalidity dossier
US 133475
Improvement in carriages
Added 9/23/2026, 7:18:43 PM
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Patent summary
Title, assignee, inventors, filing/issue dates, abstract, and a plain-language overview of the claims.
Patent Overview
Title: Improvement in Carriages
Patent No.: US 133,475
Inventor: William Ottmann, of the city, county, and State of New York, N.Y.
Publication/Grant Date: November 26, 1872
Specification Signed: November 9, 1872
Witnesses: W. Hauff; E. F. Kastenhubar (spelling as given)
Legal Status (per source): Expired – Lifetime
Purpose: The invention lets a carriage or buggy be converted between an open and a closed configuration — closed for foul or cold weather, open for fair and warm weather — by attaching or removing a detachable front.
Plain-language scope: With the body (A), back seat (B), and bow-supported top (C, bows D D) of an ordinary carriage, the inventor combines a front (E) that attaches via three screws (a, b, c) — one through a cross-bar (d), two through flanges (e) — and is steadied at its upper part by braces (f) fixed with thumb-screws (g). The front has windows (h), rein holes (i), and side doors (j). A top (F) secured to the front's upper part is buttoned to one of the bows (D) so it can be readily detached when the front is removed. Detaching the front requires only removing the screws and braces and unbuttoning the top.
Claim (as printed): A detachable front provided with flanges to be secured to the bottom of a carriage-body, with braces to steady its top, and with a cover which is buttoned to one of the bows of a carriage-body, the whole being constructed substantially in the manner herein shown and described.
Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/[US133475](/patent/US133475)/en
What the supplied excerpt does not establish: It does not state an assignee, the application or filing number, the priority date, or any litigation, ownership transfer, or validity determination. The cited-by entry (US20080105644A1, "Tamper-Evident Closure," 2008) and the "similar documents" list are database artifacts in the excerpt and are not described therein as prior art against this patent.
Generated 10/1/2026, 9:42:10 PM
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Litigation summary
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Proceedings on file (0)
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PTAB challenges
AIA trial proceedings at the USPTO Patent Trial and Appeal Board — IPR, PGR, and CBM. Petitioners, judge panels, claim-level invalidation outcomes from Final Written Decisions, and Federal Circuit appeals. The single most important defensive datapoint after litigation history.
Assignment history
Inventors, original assignee, and the chain of ownership recorded with the USPTO — including the correspondent attorney who recorded each assignment, since shell-LLC chains often share one repeat-player attorney even when the entity names look unrelated. Surfaces NPE / patent-troll patterns: shell-entity transfers, known asserters in the chain, repeat correspondent fingerprints, pre-litigation assignments, and bankruptcy fire-sales.
Prior art
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Obviousness
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Extensions
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Derivative works
Defensive disclosure: derivative variations of each claim designed to render future incremental improvements obvious or non-novel.