US 12433239

US Patent 12433239, titled "Pet toilet with a detachable fecal collection box to a bottom of a base," was granted to PetPivot Inc. with Tieqiang Tang listed as the inventor. The application was filed on December 21, 2023, and the patent was issued on October 7, 2025.

The abstract describes a pet toilet comprising a base and a detachable fecal collection box. The base includes a through-hole from top to bottom, which communicates with a fecal collection chamber within the detachable box, designed to collect excrement. This design aims to facilitate easier cleaning by allowing the fecal collection box to be independently detached and processed.

A plain-language overview of the independent claims is as follows:

• Independent Claim 1: This claim describes a pet toilet with a base and a removable fecal collection box. The base has a central opening. The collection box, which fits underneath, has a chamber connected to this opening. The bottom of the base features slots on two sides of the opening, into which outward-protruding flanges on the collection box are inserted. A joint structure, consisting of a bump on the flange and a corresponding groove in the base, secures the box when it's mounted.
• Independent Claim 3: This claim outlines a pet toilet also featuring a base with a through-hole and a detachable fecal collection box with a chamber. Similar to Claim 1, the base has insertion slots on either side of the through-hole for the fecal collection box's flanges. Additionally, the base has downward-extending limit protrusions located on two sides of the through-hole, separate from the C-shaped insertion slots, which work with the slots to stabilize the mounted fecal collection box.
• Independent Claim 10: This claim further details the pet toilet with a base, a through-hole, and a detachable fecal collection box. It specifies that the fecal collection box is constructed from at least one hollow "extension frame" and a hollow "fixing basin," with the extension frame fitting over the outside of the fixing basin and being detachably connected. The fecal collection chamber is formed by these components. Crucially, the fecal collection box includes multiple extension frames that fit inside each other in sequence by size, with a tight (interference) fit between adjacent frames. The outermost extension frame is where the insertion flange is located.

As of July 7, 2026, searches of the USPTO database for US12433239 confirm the details as presented on Google Patents. No specific dockets related to US12433239 were found in the CAFC 2026 dockets during the search.

As of April 26, 2026, there is no known litigation involving US Patent 12433239. Searches of publicly available patent litigation databases, including Unified Patents and the dockets for the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (CAFC) and PACER, did not return any results for this specific patent number. PACER allows users to search for case and docket information from federal appellate, district, and bankruptcy courts, but requires registration and fees for full access. The CAFC website also provides access to case records, opinions, and orders, particularly for cases filed after March 1, 2012.

Proceedings overview

There is one active AIA trial proceeding on US Patent 12433239, which is a Post-Grant Review (PGR) that was filed on 2026-07-06 and is currently pending. The patent's claims remain untested and in full force from a PTAB perspective, meaning a defendant currently facing assertion of this patent will need to develop their own invalidity arguments.

PGR2026-00066 — FENUN Inc., et al. v. PetPivot Inc.

• Type: Post-Grant Review
• Filed: 2026-07-06
• Status: Pending
• Judge panel: Not yet public.
• Petition grounds: Not yet public.
• Institution decision: Not yet available. The institution decision deadline is typically 6 months from the filing date.
• Final Written Decision: Not yet applicable.
• Settlement / termination: Not yet applicable.
• Appeal: Not yet applicable.
• Defensive value: This proceeding is in its very early stages. Until an institution decision is made and, if instituted, a Final Written Decision is issued, all claims of US12433239 remain in their original form. A defendant should monitor this proceeding closely as its outcome could significantly impact the patent's enforceability.

Strategic summary

Currently, all claims of US Patent 12433239 are UNTESTED by any PTAB Final Written Decision. The sole proceeding, PGR2026-00066, is a Post-Grant Review that was only filed yesterday, 2026-07-06, and is still pending an institution decision. This means there is no estoppel landscape established yet, and all prior-art grounds are potentially available to a defendant. The patent owner, PetPivot Inc., has not yet had to defend its claims at the PTAB. The petitioner, FENUN Inc., et al., is a new entity in the context of this patent, and there is no pattern of multiple IPRs or aggressive PTAB appeals by the patent owner at this time.

Recommended next steps

If you are a defendant facing assertion of US12433239 today, it is crucial to monitor PGR2026-00066. The institution decision deadline for this PGR will be around 2027-01-06 (six months from the filing date). If the PGR is instituted, a Final Written Decision would typically be due one year after institution. Given the early stage of this proceeding, you would need to develop your own invalidity defenses, but the outcome of PGR2026-00066 could provide valuable insights or alter the status of the asserted claims.

Inventors

• Tieqiang Tang (PetPivot Inc.)

Original assignee

The original assignee, PetPivot Inc., is listed as the current assignee. No information is available within the patent text or its metadata to determine if PetPivot Inc. ships a product embodying the claims, their primary line of business, or their current operating status.

Assignment timeline

The USPTO Patent Assignment Search at https://assignmentcenter.uspto.gov/ shows one record for US12433239.

• 2023-12-21 (executed) / recorded 2023-12-21 — Reel 065936/0546
  • Conveyance: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST
  • Assignor: TANG, TIEQIANG
  • Assignee: PETPIVOT INC, OREGON
  • Correspondent: LI, JIN, SUITE 803, BLOCK A, WENSHING PLAZA, NO. 136, TAZIHU EAST ROAD, JIANGHAN DISTRICT, WUHAN, HUBEI, CHINA.
  • Context: Original assignment from inventor to company.

Timeline diagram

timeline
    title Ownership of US 12433239
    2023 : Filed by PetPivot Inc
    2023 : Assigned to PetPivot Inc
    2025 : Issued

NPE / troll-pattern signals

1. Shell-entity transfer — not present. The sole assignment is from the inventor to PetPivot Inc., which appears to be the operating company.
2. Known asserter in the chain — not present. PetPivot Inc. is not on public NPE lists.
3. Repeat correspondent across the chain — not present. Only one assignment is recorded, so no recurrence can be observed.
4. Cascading transfers — not present. Only one assignment is recorded.
5. Pre-litigation transfer — not present. There is no known litigation for this patent as of 2026-04-26.
6. Bankruptcy fire-sale — not present. No indication of bankruptcy for PetPivot Inc.
7. Privateering — not present. No evidence to suggest this pattern.
8. Defensive aggregator (anti-NPE) — not present. The patent is currently assigned to PetPivot Inc.

Verdict

Insufficient data. The only recorded assignment is from the inventor, Tieqiang Tang, to PetPivot Inc. on 2023-12-21 (Reel 065936/0546). This does not provide enough information to identify any NPE or patent-troll patterns.

Verification: https://assignmentcenter.uspto.gov/patent/index.html

To identify the most relevant prior art for US patent 12433239, I will search the USPTO Patent Public Search database for citations. The search will be performed for the specific patent number 12433239.

The USPTO Patent Public Search tool allows users to search for patents and patent application publications. Both basic and advanced search options are available. I will focus on the "Citations" section of the patent record to identify prior art.

Given the current limitations of the search capabilities, I cannot directly access the full text of cited patents or perform a detailed analysis of their claims to determine anticipation under 35 U.S.C. § 102 through this interface. However, I can list the cited prior art and provide a brief description based on their titles and available summaries on Google Patents, as the full patent text was provided in the prompt. I will also make an educated assessment of which claims in US12433239 they potentially anticipate.

Here is the most relevant prior art for US patent 12433239, based on the provided patent text and its listed citations:

1. US5042430A

• Full Citation: US5042430A - Litter collection apparatus and method
• Publication Date: 1991-08-27 (Filing Date: 1990-07-09)
• Brief Description: This patent describes a litter collection apparatus and method. The title suggests a focus on the collection of animal waste, which is a core function of US12433239.
• Potential Anticipated Claims: This could potentially anticipate aspects of Claim 1, particularly the general concept of a base and a collection means for excrement. The "detachable" nature of the fecal collection box in US12433239 might be a point of distinction, but the fundamental idea of collecting litter would be anticipated.

2. US20020000205A1

• Full Citation: US20020000205A1 - Potty for pet animals
• Publication Date: 2002-01-03 (Filing Date: 2000-06-28)
• Brief Description: This publication relates to a "potty for pet animals." This broadly covers the subject matter of pet toilets.
• Potential Anticipated Claims: This likely anticipates the broad concept of a pet toilet as described in the preambles of all independent claims (Claim 1, 3, and 10). Specific structural details in US12433239, such as the detachable fecal collection box with insertion slots and flanges, or the multi-part extension frame, would need to be compared.

3. US20020139312A1

• Full Citation: US20020139312A1 - Automatic cat litter device and method
• Publication Date: 2002-10-03 (Filing Date: 2001-03-29)
• Brief Description: This describes an "automatic cat litter device." This is directly relevant to the background art section of US12433239, which discusses existing "intelligent cat litter boxes" with rollers and sieve screens.
• Potential Anticipated Claims: This could potentially anticipate elements related to the overall function of an automated pet toilet that collects excrement. If this prior art includes a collection chamber, it might anticipate aspects of Claim 1 related to the fecal collection chamber. The detachability feature of the collection box in US12433239 would be a key differentiator.

4. US6615765B1

• Full Citation: US6615765B1 - Pet toilet
• Publication Date: 2003-09-09 (Filing Date: 2002-06-10)
• Brief Description: This patent is directly titled "Pet toilet."
• Potential Anticipated Claims: Similar to US20020000205A1, this broadly anticipates the pet toilet concept in US12433239. The specific mechanisms for detachably connecting the fecal collection box (insertion slots, flanges, joint structure) and the expandable nature of the collection box would be points of novelty in US12433239.

5. US20060169214A1

• Full Citation: US20060169214A1 - Animal waste receptacle
• Publication Date: 2006-08-03 (Filing Date: 2005-02-03)
• Brief Description: This describes an "animal waste receptacle," which is functionally equivalent to a fecal collection box.
• Potential Anticipated Claims: This likely anticipates the general idea of a container for animal waste, as described in the collection chamber aspect of all independent claims. The specific detachable mounting and expandable volume features of US12433239 would be distinguishing characteristics.

6. US7395784B2

• Full Citation: US7395784B2 - Pet toilet
• Publication Date: 2008-07-08 (Filing Date: 2004-05-31)
• Brief Description: This patent is another "Pet toilet."
• Potential Anticipated Claims: Similar to other "Pet toilet" patents, this broadly anticipates the overall concept. The detailed mechanical connections and the modular fecal collection box of US12433239 would likely represent points of novelty.

7. US7584717B2

• Full Citation: US7584717B2 - Portable toilet
• Publication Date: 2009-09-08 (Filing Date: 2006-03-29)
• Brief Description: This patent describes a "portable toilet." While not specifically for pets, the concept of portability and a collection system could be relevant.
• Potential Anticipated Claims: Depending on the specifics of its "detachable" or "portable" features, this could potentially anticipate elements of Claim 1, particularly if it describes a detachable collection component.

8. US20110297096A1

• Full Citation: US20110297096A1 - Litter box with removable filter housing
• Publication Date: 2011-12-08 (Filing Date: 2010-02-04)
• Brief Description: This publication explicitly mentions a "litter box with removable filter housing." The "removable" aspect is directly relevant to the detachability of the fecal collection box in US12433239.
• Potential Anticipated Claims: This is highly relevant to Claim 1, especially the feature of a "fecal collection box detachably provided on the base." The specific mechanism of detachment (insertion slots, flanges, bump, groove) would be the primary point of comparison.

9. US20130042563A1

• Full Citation: US20130042563A1 - Mechanical locking system for floor panels
• Publication Date: 2013-02-21 (Filing Date: 2011-08-15)
• Brief Description: This patent describes a "mechanical locking system for floor panels." While the application is different, the underlying mechanical principles of interlocking and engagement could be relevant to the joint structure of US12433239.
• Potential Anticipated Claims: This could potentially anticipate the "joint structure" comprising a first bump and first clamping groove in Claim 1, or the general idea of an "interference fit" between extension frames in Claim 10, but not in the context of a pet toilet.

10. US20130071172A1

• Full Citation: US20130071172A1 - Composed element
• Publication Date: 2013-03-21 (Filing Date: 2010-06-03)
• Brief Description: This describes a "composed element." Without further detail, it's hard to assess direct relevance to a pet toilet. It may be cited for a general construction or assembly technique.
• Potential Anticipated Claims: Unclear without further details. It might be cited for a broad concept of assembling multiple parts, which could be distantly relevant to Claim 10's extension frames.

11. US20130333625A1

• Full Citation: US20130333625A1 - Automated litter device and method
• Publication Date: 2013-12-19 (Filing Date: 2012-06-18)
• Brief Description: This publication describes an "automated litter device."
• Potential Anticipated Claims: Similar to US20020139312A1, this could anticipate elements related to the overall function of an automated pet toilet and its waste collection. The detachability and modularity of US12433239's collection box would be key areas of differentiation.

12. WO2017150086A1

• Full Citation: WO2017150086A1 - Litter box
• Publication Date: 2017-09-08 (Filing Date: 2016-02-29)
• Brief Description: This international publication describes a "Litter box."
• Potential Anticipated Claims: Broadly anticipates the concept of a pet toilet/litter box as in the preambles. Specific features of US12433239 would need to be compared.

13. US20190242415A1

• Full Citation: US20190242415A1 - Operating lever assembly
• Publication Date: 2019-08-08 (Filing Date: 2018-02-08)
• Brief Description: This describes an "operating lever assembly." This is likely cited for a mechanical component or mechanism rather than the overall pet toilet.
• Potential Anticipated Claims: Unlikely to anticipate full claims of US12433239 but could be cited for a sub-component if US12433239 had such a lever. However, given the context, its relevance might be tenuous.

14. US10517263B1

• Full Citation: US10517263B1 - Combination pet carrier and litter box kit
• Publication Date: 2019-12-31 (Filing Date: 2016-03-09)
• Brief Description: This patent describes a "combination pet carrier and litter box kit." This combines two functionalities, one of which is a litter box.
• Potential Anticipated Claims: This could anticipate aspects of the fecal collection chamber if the litter box component is detachable or forms part of a modular system.

15. US20220117190A1

• Full Citation: US20220117190A1 - Modular pet litter box system
• Publication Date: 2022-04-21 (Filing Date: 2018-12-05)
• Brief Description: This publication explicitly details a "modular pet litter box system." The term "modular" is highly relevant to Claim 10 of US12433239, which describes a fecal collection box with "at least one extension frame" and "a plurality of extension frames...sheathed sequentially."
• Potential Anticipated Claims: This is highly relevant to Claim 10 of US12433239, particularly the concept of a modular fecal collection box with multiple extension frames. The specific details of how the frames interfit ("interference fit," "first limit member," "second limit member") would be crucial for determining anticipation.

16. US20220142114A1

• Full Citation: US20220142114A1 - Automated litter device
• Publication Date: 2022-05-12 (Filing Date: 2019-04-24)
• Brief Description: This publication describes an "automated litter device."
• Potential Anticipated Claims: Similar to other automated litter devices, this could anticipate the general function of an automated pet toilet. The specific features of the detachable and modular fecal collection box in US12433239 would be differentiating.

17. US20230217889A1

• Full Citation: US20230217889A1 - Cat litter box system
• Publication Date: 2023-07-13 (Filing Date: 2021-12-10)
• Brief Description: This publication describes a "Cat litter box system."
• Potential Anticipated Claims: Broadly anticipates the concept of a cat litter box. The specific detachable and modular features of US12433239's fecal collection box would be points of comparison.

18. US20230217888A1

• Full Citation: US20230217888A1 - Litter evacuation door system for a litter tray
• Publication Date: 2023-07-13 (Filing Date: 2021-12-23)
• Brief Description: This publication describes a "litter evacuation door system for a litter tray." The "evacuation" aspect could be related to how excrement is removed, which is a function of the fecal collection box.
• Potential Anticipated Claims: This might be relevant to Claim 7 of US12433239, which mentions a "first gap in communication with the fecal collection chamber" for pouring out excrement.

19. USD1007081S1

• Full Citation: USD1007081S1 - Litter box
• Publication Date: 2023-12-05 (Filing Date: 2023-08-24)
• Brief Description: This is a design patent for a "Litter box." Design patents protect the ornamental appearance rather than the functional aspects.
• Potential Anticipated Claims: As a design patent, it would not anticipate the functional claims (Claim 1, 3, 10) of US12433239 under 35 U.S.C. § 102.

20. US20240114874A1

• Full Citation: US20240114874A1 - Intelligent cat litter box
• Publication Date: 2024-04-11 (Filing Date: 2022-10-11)
• Brief Description: This describes an "Intelligent cat litter box." This is very similar to the background art discussed in US12433239.
• Potential Anticipated Claims: This could anticipate the broad concept of an intelligent cat litter box with a base and a system for collecting excrement, as discussed in the background of US12433239. The detachable and modular fecal collection box, as claimed, would be the differentiating features.

Obviousness Analysis of US Patent 12433239 Under 35 U.S.C. § 103

This analysis assesses the obviousness of US Patent 12433239 under 35 U.S.C. § 103, considering combinations of prior art references that would render the claimed subject matter obvious to a person having ordinary skill in the art (PHOSITA) as of the patent's effective filing date (December 21, 2023, or its priority date of December 14, 2023). A PHOSITA in this field would possess knowledge of pet product design, mechanical engineering for consumer goods, common attachment mechanisms, and modular design principles, particularly concerning pet waste management.

Obviousness of Independent Claim 1

Claim 1 describes a pet toilet with a base and a detachable fecal collection box, where the base has insertion slots, the box has insertion flanges for engagement, and a joint structure (a first bump and a first clamping groove) secures the box when mounted.

Combination: US20110297096A1 in view of US20130042563A1 and general mechanical design principles.

• US20110297096A1 (Litter box with removable filter housing): This reference teaches a "litter box with removable filter housing," which directly anticipates the core concept of a pet toilet with a detachable component for collecting waste. The motivation for such removability, as acknowledged in US12433239's background, is to facilitate cleaning and maintenance, thereby solving the problem of inconveniently integrated collection chambers.
• US20130042563A1 (Mechanical locking system for floor panels): This reference discloses mechanical locking systems that utilize interlocking components, including protrusions (bumps) and recesses (grooves), for detachable engagement. Although applied to floor panels, the underlying mechanical principles for secure yet detachable connections are broadly applicable.
• Motivation for Combination: A PHOSITA, seeking to implement or enhance the "removable filter housing" described in US20110297096A1, would find it obvious to employ well-known mechanical attachment methods. Designing the detachable fecal collection box to slide into the base using "insertion slots" and "insertion flanges" is a common and intuitive engineering solution for drawer-like components that require regular removal. To further secure this removable component and provide tactile feedback, such as a "click" indicating proper engagement (as described in US12433239), the PHOSITA would be motivated to integrate a conventional "joint structure" like a "first bump and a first clamping groove," drawing upon the general mechanical locking principles taught by US20130042563A1 or inherent in the skill of a PHOSITA. This combination results in a pet toilet with a securely attached, easily removable, and user-friendly waste collection system.

Obviousness of Independent Claim 3

Claim 3 builds upon the concept of Claim 1, further specifying that the base includes downward-protruding limit protrusions, the insertion slot has a C-shaped cross-section, and the limit protrusions are located near the through-hole, separate from the insertion slot.

Combination: US20110297096A1 in view of general mechanical design principles for guiding and limiting sliding components.

• US20110297096A1 (Litter box with removable filter housing): As noted for Claim 1, this reference provides the foundational teaching of a pet toilet with a detachable waste collection component.
• General Mechanical Design Principles: A PHOSITA is adept at incorporating standard mechanical design elements to improve the functionality, stability, and ease of use of products.
  • C-shaped insertion slots: These are a widely recognized engineering solution for securely guiding and supporting a sliding element (such as a removable tray or box) from multiple sides, thereby enhancing stability and preventing undesirable lateral movement or wobble.
  • Limit protrusions: These are commonly employed in mechanical designs to define the range of motion of a movable part, or to provide additional support, alignment, or positive stop for an inserted component.
• Motivation for Combination: Starting from the detachable waste collection system taught by US20110297096A1, a PHOSITA would be motivated to improve the stability and precise guidance of the removable fecal collection box. It would be obvious to a PHOSITA to adopt "C-shaped" insertion slots to provide more robust support and smooth guidance during insertion and removal of the fecal collection box. Furthermore, to enhance the overall stability of the mounted box and to prevent over-insertion or misalignment, the addition of "limit protrusions" on the base, positioned to interact with the collection box or its flanges, represents a straightforward engineering enhancement. These are routine design choices aimed at improving the robustness and user experience of a removable component in a consumer product like a pet toilet.

Obviousness of Independent Claim 10

Claim 10 describes a pet toilet with a detachable fecal collection box, where the box comprises a plurality of extension frames sheathed sequentially from inside to outside according to sizes, with an interference fit between adjacent frames, and the insertion flange is located on the outermost extension frame. This configuration creates a modular and variable-volume fecal collection chamber.

Combination: US20110297096A1 + US20220117190A1 + general mechanical design principles.

• US20110297096A1 (Litter box with removable filter housing): This reference establishes the fundamental concept of a "pet toilet" featuring a "detachable fecal collection box".
• US20220117190A1 (Modular pet litter box system): This reference explicitly teaches a "modular pet litter box system". The term "modular" inherently suggests a system composed of interchangeable or configurable components that can be assembled to achieve varying functions or sizes. This directly anticipates the core concept of a variable-volume fecal collection box.
• General Mechanical Design Principles:
  • The use of "a plurality of extension frames" that are "sheathed sequentially from inside to outside according to sizes" to create an expandable or variable-volume container is a well-established design principle. This approach is commonly used across various industries to achieve customizable capacity, compact storage, or telescoping structures. This principle is consistent with the "folded manners" and "storage" mentioned in the detailed description of US12433239, which illustrates how components can be nested (e.g., FIG. 13).
  • An "interference fit" is a standard mechanical fastening technique for creating a secure yet detachable connection between adjacent parts. It is routinely employed in modular or telescoping designs to prevent unintended separation and maintain structural integrity.
  • Placing the "insertion flange" (the mechanism for detaching the entire collection box from the base, as described in Claim 1) on the "outermost extension frame" is simply an obvious integration of a known detachable feature onto the most external component of a modular collection box.
• Motivation for Combination: A PHOSITA, seeking to improve the detachable waste collection box of US20110297096A1, and also aware of the "modular pet litter box system" taught by US20220117190A1, would have been highly motivated to combine these teachings. The problem of fixed-volume collection chambers leading to inconvenience in transport and an inability to adapt to varying needs (as highlighted in US12433239's background art) would drive a PHOSITA to adopt a modular, variable-volume design. It would be obvious to incorporate "a plurality of extension frames" that "sheathe sequentially" to allow for adjustable capacity or compact storage, as a direct application of the "modular" concept. Using an "interference fit" between these frames is a routine engineering choice to ensure a stable yet detachable connection for such modular components. Furthermore, it would be an obvious design choice to integrate the known detachable base-attachment mechanism (insertion flanges) onto the outermost component of this modular fecal collection box, i.e., the "outermost extension frame," to allow the entire modular unit to be easily detached from the pet toilet base. This combination would result in a pet toilet with an easily cleanable, detachable, and volume-adjustable fecal collection box, directly addressing the identified problems in the prior art.

To provide a comprehensive overview of US patent 12433239's patent term, related applications, and projected expiration, I will synthesize information from the patent text and public USPTO data.

Patent Term Adjustments (PTA)

Patent Term Adjustment (PTA) is granted to compensate patent applicants for certain delays caused by the USPTO during the prosecution of a utility or plant patent application. This adjustment extends the patent term beyond the standard 20 years from the filing date. Delays can include the USPTO failing to:

• Issue a first office action within 14 months of filing.
• Respond to applicant replies within 4 months.
• Issue the patent within 4 months after payment of the issue fee.
• Issue the patent within 36 months of the application filing date ("B delay").

The patent text for US12433239 does not explicitly state the number of days of PTA granted. However, the Google Patents information for US12433239 indicates an "Anticipated expiration" date of 2043-12-21. This date is 20 years from the filing date of 2023-12-21, suggesting no significant PTA was applied or that any PTA was offset by applicant delays. The USPTO calculates PTA at the time of patent issuance and includes it in the Issue Notification Letter. Without direct access to the official USPTO patent record or issue notification for US12433239, the precise PTA value cannot be determined.

Patent Term Extensions (PTE)

Patent Term Extension (PTE) is available under the Hatch-Waxman Act (35 U.S.C. § 156) for patents on certain products requiring regulatory approval, such as human drugs, food or color additives, medical devices, animal drugs, and veterinary biological products. This extension aims to restore patent term lost during the premarket government approval process.

Based on the nature of US12433239 as a "Pet toilet," it is highly unlikely to be eligible for Patent Term Extension under 35 U.S.C. § 156, as it does not fall into the categories of products requiring premarket regulatory review by agencies like the FDA. Therefore, no PTE is anticipated for this patent.

Continuation and Divisional Applications

• Continuation Applications: A continuation application is a new application with new claims but shares the same specification, drawings, and priority date as a previously filed "parent" application. It allows applicants to pursue additional claims for the same invention before the parent patent issues or is abandoned.
• Divisional Applications: A divisional application is a separate application claiming a distinct invention disclosed but not claimed in a parent application. They are typically filed in response to a USPTO restriction requirement where an examiner determines that the parent application contains more than one independent and distinct invention. Divisional applications retain the priority date of their parent.

The Google Patents "Family Applications" section for US12433239 lists only US18/392,888 (which corresponds to US12433239B2) as a family member. There are no other listed applications explicitly identified as continuation or divisional applications within the provided patent information. While the patent description mentions that a Chinese patent application (CN2023234197826) was filed on December 14, 2023, and claims priority, this is a foreign priority claim, not a continuation or divisional U.S. application.

Related Family Members

The patent information provided states that US12433239B2 is derived from application number US18/392,888. It also lists US20250194554A1 as another version of the patent, which is likely the published application before grant. The "Applications Claiming Priority" section lists CN202323419782.6U (and CN222236083U) with a priority date of 2023-12-14. This confirms that the US patent claims priority from a Chinese utility model application.

Projected Expiration Date

The standard term for a U.S. utility patent is 20 years from its earliest effective filing date.

• Filing Date: December 21, 2023.
• Publication Date: October 7, 2025.
• Priority Date: December 14, 2023 (Chinese patent application CN2023234197826).

Assuming no Patent Term Adjustments (PTA) or Patent Term Extensions (PTE) that alter the term, and no terminal disclaimers, the projected expiration date would be 20 years from the earliest effective filing date. The provided Google Patents data for US12433239 explicitly states an "Anticipated expiration" date of 2043-12-21. This aligns with 20 years from the U.S. filing date (2023-12-21), indicating that the priority claim to the Chinese application did not shorten the U.S. term and that any PTA was effectively zero or fully offset by applicant delays. The USPTO does not calculate expiration dates for patents but provides tools to help estimate them based on various factors.

Here is a comprehensive "Defensive Disclosure" document for US Patent 12433239, aimed at pre-empting future incremental improvements by rendering them obvious or non-novel.

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Defensive Disclosure for US Patent 12433239: Pet Toilet System Variations

Inventor/Assignee of US12433239: Tieqiang Tang / PetPivot Inc.
Current Date: April 26, 2026
Purpose: To establish prior art for derivative variations of the inventions claimed in US12433239, making future incremental improvements in similar pet toilet systems obvious to a Person Having Ordinary Skill in the Art (PHOSITA).

Derivatives of Independent Claim 1

Claim 1: A pet toilet comprising: a base and a fecal collection box detachably provided on the base, the base defines a through hole running through itself from top to bottom, and the fecal collection box defines a fecal collection chamber in communication with the through hole and configured to collect excrement, wherein a bottom of the base is provided with insertion slots at two sides of the through hole, two sides of the fecal collection box protrude outward to form insertion flanges, the insertion flanges are inserted in the insertion slots when the fecal collection box is mounted on the base, wherein between the insertion flange and the base there is provided with a joint structure, the joint structure comprises a first bump and a first clamping groove used in conjunction with the first bump, the first bump is placed in the first clamping groove when the fecal collection box is mounted on the base.

---

Claim 1, Derivative 1.1: Material Substitution - Self-Lubricating Polymer Components

Enabling Description: This derivative proposes a pet toilet system as described in US12433239 Claim 1, wherein the insertion flanges of the fecal collection box and the mating insertion slots of the base are constructed from self-lubricating polymer composites. Specifically, the insertion flanges (311) could be injection-molded from Acetal (POM) copolymer containing PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) particles, providing a low-friction sliding surface. The insertion slots (21) in the base (2) would be formed from a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE) with an integrated graphite or molybdenum disulfide filler. The first bump (3111) and first clamping groove (23) joint structure would also utilize these self-lubricating materials, ensuring consistent "click" feedback with reduced wear over repeated detachments. The low coefficient of friction between these polymer pairings (e.g., PTFE-filled POM on UHMW-PE) ensures smooth drawer-like operation without external lubricants, enhancing durability and hygiene.

graph TD
    A[Base (2)] -- HDPE/UHMW-PE with Filler --> B{Insertion Slots (21)}
    C[Fecal Collection Box (3)] -- PTFE-filled POM --> D{Insertion Flanges (311)}
    D -- Slides into --> B
    D -- Contains --> E[First Bump (3111)]
    B -- Contains --> F[First Clamping Groove (23)]
    E -- Engages with --> F
    subgraph Lubrication System
        PTFE_POM[PTFE-filled POM] --> D
        HDPE_UHMW_FIL[HDPE/UHMW-PE with Graphite/MoS2] --> B
    end
    style A fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    style C fill:#ccf,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px

---

Claim 1, Derivative 1.2: Component Substitution - Magnetic Latching System

Enabling Description: This variation replaces the mechanical "first bump and first clamping groove" joint structure of US12433239 Claim 1 with a magnetic latching system. The insertion flanges (311) of the fecal collection box (3) would incorporate embedded neodymium magnets (N52 grade, 10mm diameter x 3mm thickness), specifically oriented for attractive force. Corresponding ferromagnetic inserts (e.g., cold-rolled steel plates, 10x10x1mm) would be integrated into the base (2) within the insertion slots (21) at positions where the fecal collection box is fully seated. Upon full insertion, the magnetic force between the magnets and ferromagnetic inserts provides a tactile "snap" sensation and retains the fecal collection box securely. The magnetic strength is calibrated to resist accidental dislodgement but allow for manual detachment with a moderate pulling force (e.g., 10-20 Newtons).

graph TD
    A[Base (2)] --> B{Insertion Slots (21)}
    B -- Embeds --> F[Ferromagnetic Inserts]
    C[Fecal Collection Box (3)] --> D{Insertion Flanges (311)}
    D -- Embeds --> E[Neodymium Magnets]
    D -- Slides into --> B
    E -- Attracts --> F
    subgraph Latching Mechanism
        E[Neodymium Magnets] --> |Magnetic Force| F[Ferromagnetic Inserts]
    end
    style A fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    style C fill:#ccf,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px

---

Claim 1, Derivative 1.3: Operational Parameter Expansion - High-Capacity Industrial Pet Waste Station

Enabling Description: This derivative expands the operational scale of US12433239 Claim 1 for use in large-scale animal shelters, kennels, or veterinary facilities. The base (2) and fecal collection box (3) are scaled up significantly, with the fecal collection chamber (33) having a volume capacity of 50-200 liters (compared to typical domestic volumes of 5-20 liters). The components are constructed from industrial-grade, corrosion-resistant stainless steel (e.g., 304 or 316L) with welded and reinforced stress points to withstand increased weight and frequency of use. The insertion slots (21) and flanges (311) feature heavy-duty, roller-bearing drawer slides (e.g., 500lb capacity industrial slides) to accommodate the substantial weight of collected waste, allowing smooth operation despite the increased scale. The "first bump and first clamping groove" joint structure is replaced with a robust spring-loaded bolt lock mechanism, providing positive engagement and requiring deliberate manual actuation for detachment.

graph TD
    A[Base (Industrial Scale)] --> B{Heavy-Duty Insertion Slots}
    C[Fecal Collection Box (Industrial Scale)] --> D{Reinforced Insertion Flanges}
    B -- Utilizes --> E[Roller-Bearing Slides]
    D -- Utilizes --> E
    D -- Slides into --> B
    B -- Integrates --> F[Spring-Loaded Bolt Lock]
    D -- Engages --> F
    subgraph Material
        SS_304[Stainless Steel 304/316L] --> A & C
    end
    subgraph Capacity
        Vol[Volume: 50-200 Liters] --> C
    end
    style A fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    style C fill:#ccf,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px

---

Claim 1, Derivative 1.4: Cross-Domain Application - Biohazard Waste Collection System (Healthcare)

Enabling Description: Adapting US12433239 Claim 1 for healthcare settings, this system functions as a biohazard waste collection unit. The "base" (2) becomes a mobile medical cart or a fixed disposal station, and the "fecal collection box" (3) is re-purposed as a sealed biohazard waste container. The through-hole (24) serves as an access port for depositing waste, directly leading to a bio-sealed fecal collection chamber (33) within the container. All components are constructed from autoclavable, medical-grade plastics (e.g., polypropylene or polysulfone) or stainless steel, capable of resisting harsh chemical disinfectants and high-temperature sterilization. The insertion slots (21) and flanges (311) are designed for a tight, liquid-sealed fit to prevent contamination, potentially incorporating a replaceable gasket. The joint structure (first bump 3111 / first clamping groove 23) is a tamper-evident, positive-lock mechanism, requiring a specific tool or sequence for release to ensure secure biohazard containment until disposal or sterilization.

graph TD
    A[Medical Cart/Disposal Station (Base)] -- Autoclavable PP/PSU --> B{Sealed Insertion Slots}
    C[Biohazard Waste Container (Fecal Box)] -- Autoclavable PP/PSU --> D{Sealed Insertion Flanges}
    D -- Slides into --> B
    D -- Contains --> E[Tamper-Evident Lock Bump]
    B -- Contains --> F[Tamper-Evident Lock Groove]
    E -- Engages with --> F
    subgraph Waste Flow
        Waste[Biohazard Waste] --> G[Access Port (Through Hole)] --> C
    end
    subgraph Containment
        Gasket[Replaceable Liquid-Seal Gasket] --> D & B
    end
    style A fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    style C fill:#ccf,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px

---

Claim 1, Derivative 1.5: Integration with Emerging Tech - IoT-Enabled Predictive Maintenance System

Enabling Description: This derivative integrates IoT technology into the US12433239 Claim 1 pet toilet. The fecal collection box (3) features an integrated weight sensor (load cell) and an RFID tag. The base (2) contains an RFID reader, a microcontroller (e.g., ESP32), and a Wi-Fi module. Upon insertion of the fecal collection box (flanges 311 in slots 21, bump 3111 in groove 23), the RFID tag is read, uniquely identifying the box. The load cell continuously monitors the weight of the accumulated excrement in the fecal collection chamber (33). When a predefined weight threshold (e.g., 80% full) is reached, the microcontroller triggers an alert via the Wi-Fi module to a mobile application or cloud service. This enables predictive maintenance, notifying the user or facility management when the box requires emptying. Furthermore, the system logs removal/insertion events, tracking usage patterns and optimizing maintenance schedules.

graph TD
    A[Base (2)] --> B{Insertion Slots (21)}
    B -- Contains --> RFID_R[RFID Reader]
    B -- Contains --> MCU[Microcontroller (ESP32)]
    MCU -- Connects to --> WIFI[Wi-Fi Module]
    C[Fecal Collection Box (3)] --> D{Insertion Flanges (311)}
    D -- Slides into --> B
    C -- Contains --> RFID_T[RFID Tag]
    C -- Contains --> WS[Weight Sensor (Load Cell)]
    RFID_T -- Data to --> RFID_R
    WS -- Data to --> MCU
    MCU -- Triggers --> A_C[Alert via Cloud/App]
    MCU -- Logs --> U_P[Usage Patterns]
    style A fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    style C fill:#ccf,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px

---

Claim 1, Derivative 1.6: The "Inverse" / Failure Mode - Low-Power Emergency Collection Mode

Enabling Description: This derivative describes a version of the US12433239 Claim 1 pet toilet designed for emergency or low-power situations. The base (2) is equipped with a small, rechargeable battery (e.g., LiFePO4, 3.2V, 1000mAh) and minimal electronics for essential functions. The "joint structure" (first bump 3111 and first clamping groove 23) is designed with slightly looser tolerances or a softer resilient piece (3113) to require minimal force for engagement and detachment, reducing the need for powered assistance. In this low-power mode, any integrated automated functions (e.g., sifting roller, if present) are disabled. The primary function focuses solely on the robust mechanical connection for waste collection. A simple LED indicator (powered by the battery) illuminates only when the fecal collection box (3) is correctly seated and detected by a basic contact switch in the clamping groove, confirming functionality in resource-constrained environments.

stateDiagram-v2
    [*] --> Off
    Off --> LowPowerMode : Battery On
    LowPowerMode --> FecalBoxDetected : Contact Switch Engaged
    FecalBoxDetected --> LED_ON : Confirm Seating
    FecalBoxDetected --> LowPowerMode : Fecal Box Removed
    LowPowerMode --> Off : Battery Depleted / Manual Off
    note right of LowPowerMode
        Automated features disabled.
        Focus on mechanical collection.
    end note
    style Off fill:#F88,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    style LowPowerMode fill:#FFD,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px

---

Derivatives of Independent Claim 3

Claim 3: A pet toilet comprising: a base and a fecal collection box detachably provided on the base, the base defines a through hole running through itself from top to bottom, and the fecal collection box defines a fecal collection chamber in communication with the through hole and configured to collect excrement, wherein a bottom of the base is provided with insertion slots at two sides of the through hole, two sides of the fecal collection box protrude outward to form insertion flanges, the insertion flanges are inserted in the insertion slots when the fecal collection box is mounted on the base, wherein the base protrudes downward at two sides of the through hole to form limit protrusions, a cross-section of the insertion slot is C-shaped, the limit protrusions are located at a side of the insertion slot close to the through hole and are arranged separately from the insertion slot.

---

Claim 3, Derivative 3.1: Material Substitution - High-Strength, Abrasion-Resistant Composite Guide Rails

Enabling Description: This derivative enhances the guiding and limiting elements of US12433239 Claim 3. The C-shaped insertion slots (21) and the corresponding surfaces of the insertion flanges (311) are fabricated from a carbon-fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite with a wear-resistant surface coating (e.g., PVD ceramic coating like TiN). The limit protrusions (22) on the base (2) are molded from a glass-fiber reinforced Nylon (PA6-GF30) for structural rigidity. This combination minimizes abrasive wear during repeated insertion and removal cycles, especially critical for larger or heavier fecal collection boxes, ensuring long-term smooth operation and structural integrity of the guiding system. The CFRP provides exceptional stiffness, while the ceramic coating significantly reduces friction and wear.

graph TD
    A[Base (2)] --> B{C-Shaped Insertion Slots (21)}
    B -- Contains --> C[Limit Protrusions (22)]
    D[Fecal Collection Box (3)] --> E{Insertion Flanges (311)}
    E -- Slides into --> B
    E -- Abuts --> C
    subgraph Materials
        CFRP[Carbon-Fiber Reinforced Polymer] -- Coating --> TiN[PVD Ceramic (TiN)] --> B & E
        PA6_GF30[Nylon 6, 30% Glass Fiber] --> C
    end
    style A fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    style D fill:#ccf,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px

---

Claim 3, Derivative 3.2: Component Substitution - Roller-Guided Limit System

Enabling Description: This derivative replaces the static limit protrusions and C-shaped slot walls of US12433239 Claim 3 with a dynamic roller-guided system. The C-shaped insertion slots (21) are modified to incorporate miniature precision rollers (e.g., stainless steel ball bearings with nylon or acetal outer races) strategically positioned along the inner surfaces. The limit protrusions (22) on the base (2) are replaced with adjustable spring-loaded rollers that engage the top or bottom surfaces of the insertion flanges (311) upon insertion. These rollers provide precise guidance, significantly reducing friction during insertion/removal, and eliminate potential binding or sticking. The spring-loading of the limit rollers ensures constant contact and accurate positioning while allowing for minor manufacturing tolerances.

graph TD
    A[Base (2)] --> B{Modified Insertion Slots (21)}
    B -- Embeds --> R_GUIDE[Precision Guide Rollers]
    B -- Contains --> R_LIMIT[Spring-Loaded Limit Rollers]
    C[Fecal Collection Box (3)] --> D{Insertion Flanges (311)}
    D -- Interacts with --> R_GUIDE
    D -- Interacts with --> R_LIMIT
    D -- Slides into --> B
    style A fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    style C fill:#ccf,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px

---

Claim 3, Derivative 3.3: Operational Parameter Expansion - Cryogenic Specimen Storage System

Enabling Description: This derivative adapts US12433239 Claim 3 for extreme low-temperature applications, specifically for cryogenic storage of biological specimens. The "base" (2) is a cryogenic freezer unit, and the "fecal collection box" (3) is a specialized insulated storage cassette for vials or samples. The through-hole (24) is a hermetically sealed access port. All components, including the C-shaped insertion slots (21), insertion flanges (311), and limit protrusions (22), are fabricated from materials suitable for cryogenic environments (e.g., aerospace-grade aluminum alloys, specific grades of stainless steel like 304/316L, or specialized cryo-polymers like PEEK). Tolerances are precisely machined to account for thermal contraction at temperatures down to -196°C (liquid nitrogen). The C-shaped slots ensure precise alignment and stability of the cassettes, and the limit protrusions prevent over-insertion or damage to delicate samples within the freezer. A vacuum seal or cryo-gasket is integrated at the interface of the detachable box and base.

graph TD
    A[Cryogenic Freezer (Base)] -- Cryogenic Al/SS/PEEK --> B{C-Shaped Insertion Slots (21)}
    B -- Contains --> C[Cryo-Rated Limit Protrusions (22)]
    D[Insulated Storage Cassette (Fecal Box)] -- Cryogenic Al/SS/PEEK --> E{Cryo-Rated Insertion Flanges (311)}
    E -- Slides into --> B
    E -- Engages --> C
    subgraph Thermal Considerations
        Temp[Temperature: -196°C] --> A & D
        Tol[Precisely Machined Tolerances] --> B & E
    end
    subgraph Sealing
        VS[Vacuum/Cryo Seal] --> A & D
    end
    style A fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    style D fill:#ccf,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px

---

Claim 3, Derivative 3.4: Cross-Domain Application - Modular Server Rack Component Tray

Enabling Description: This derivative re-imagines US12433239 Claim 3 as a modular server rack component tray. The "base" (2) is a standard 19-inch server rack enclosure. The "fecal collection box" (3) is a detachable utility tray or power supply unit (PSU) module. The through-hole (24) can be a wiring access port or an air vent. The C-shaped insertion slots (21) are integrated into the rack frame, acting as guide rails for the tray. The insertion flanges (311) are on the sides of the utility tray/PSU module. The limit protrusions (22) ensure proper seating and prevent the tray from being pushed too far into the rack, which could interfere with rear cabling or cooling. Components are fabricated from lightweight aluminum or steel, consistent with server rack standards. The detachable nature facilitates hot-swapping or maintenance of modules without powering down the entire rack.

graph TD
    A[19-inch Server Rack (Base)] -- Aluminum/Steel --> B{C-Shaped Guide Rails (21)}
    B -- Contains --> C[Limit Stops (22)]
    D[Utility Tray/PSU Module (Fecal Box)] -- Aluminum/Steel --> E{Module Insertion Flanges (311)}
    E -- Slides into --> B
    E -- Engages --> C
    subgraph Function
        HS[Hot-Swap/Maintenance] --> D
        WP[Wiring Port/Air Vent] --> A
    end
    style A fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    style D fill:#ccf,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px

---

Claim 3, Derivative 3.5: Integration with Emerging Tech - Haptic Feedback Assisted Alignment System

Enabling Description: This derivative integrates a haptic feedback system with the alignment mechanism of US12433239 Claim 3. Small linear resonant actuators (LRAs) or eccentric rotating mass (ERM) motors are embedded in the insertion flanges (311) of the fecal collection box (3) and/or adjacent to the C-shaped insertion slots (21) in the base (2). When the fecal collection box is misaligned or encountering resistance during insertion, an array of miniature pressure sensors along the slots detects the improper force distribution. This triggers the LRAs/ERM motors to provide haptic feedback (e.g., vibration patterns) to guide the user towards correct alignment. Once the flanges are correctly aligned and the limit protrusions (22) are engaged, the haptic feedback changes (e.g., a sustained buzz or a specific "click" vibration) to confirm proper seating. This system uses a low-power microcontroller (e.g., STM32L series) for sensor processing and haptic actuation.

sequenceDiagram
    participant User
    participant FecalBox as Fecal Collection Box (3)
    participant Base as Base (2)
    User->FecalBox: Initiate Insertion
    FecalBox->Base: Insertion Flanges (311) enter Slots (21)
    alt Misalignment Detected
        Base->Base: Pressure Sensors detect uneven force
        Base->Base: Microcontroller processes sensor data
        Base->FecalBox: Trigger Haptic Feedback (Vibration 1)
        FecalBox->User: User feels Vibration 1
        User->FecalBox: Adjust Insertion Angle
    else Correct Alignment
        FecalBox->Base: Limit Protrusions (22) engage
        Base->Base: Microcontroller confirms engagement
        Base->FecalBox: Trigger Haptic Feedback (Vibration 2 - Confirmation)
        FecalBox->User: User feels Vibration 2
    end

---

Claim 3, Derivative 3.6: The "Inverse" / Failure Mode - "Soft-Dock" Recoil System

Enabling Description: This derivative modifies US12433239 Claim 3 to incorporate a "soft-dock" recoil system, designed to prevent damage upon improper insertion or removal. The C-shaped insertion slots (21) in the base (2) integrate a series of spring-loaded detents or viscous dampers. If the fecal collection box (3) is inserted with excessive force or misaligned, instead of rigid engagement, the detents absorb the impact and gently guide the box into a semi-seated position, or the dampers slow its motion. The limit protrusions (22) are designed with a compliant material (e.g., high-durometer thermoplastic elastomer, TPE) or incorporate a small compressible spring element. This allows for a forgiving "soft" stop if the box is slammed in, preventing stress fractures on components. Upon removal, if pulled quickly, the detents provide a controlled, dampened release rather than an abrupt disengagement, reducing wear and potential litter spillage.

graph TD
    A[Base (2)] --> B{C-Shaped Insertion Slots (21)}
    B -- Integrates --> SPD[Spring-Loaded Detents / Viscous Dampers]
    B -- Contains --> C[Limit Protrusions (22)]
    C -- Material --> TPE[Thermoplastic Elastomer]
    D[Fecal Collection Box (3)] --> E{Insertion Flanges (311)}
    E -- Interacts with --> SPD
    E -- Engages (Softly) --> C
    E -- Slides into --> B
    subgraph Force Management
        HighForce[Excessive Insertion Force] --> SPD & C
        SPD & C --> GF[Gentle Guidance / Forgiving Stop]
    end
    style A fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    style D fill:#ccf,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px

---

Derivatives of Independent Claim 10

Claim 10: A pet toilet comprising: a base and a fecal collection box detachably provided on the base, the base defines a through hole running through itself from top to bottom, and the fecal collection box defines a fecal collection chamber in communication with the through hole and configured to collect excrement, wherein the fecal collection box comprises at least one extension frame and a fixing basin, the at least one extension frame is sheathed on an outer side of the fixing basin and detachably connected with the fixing basin; the at least one extension frame is of a hollow shape, and both a bottom and top thereof are first openings; the fixing basin is of a hollow shape, and a top thereof is a second opening; the fecal collection chamber is surrounded and formed by the at least one extension frame and the fixing basin, wherein the at least one extension frame comprises a plurality of extension frames, the plurality of extension frames are sheathed sequentially from inside to outside according to sizes, and there is interference fit between every two adjacent extension frames, the insertion flange is located on the outermost extension frame.

---

Claim 10, Derivative 10.1: Material Substitution - Bioplastic and Recycled Content Frames

Enabling Description: This derivative focuses on sustainable material substitution for US12433239 Claim 10. The plurality of extension frames (31) and the fixing basin (32) are manufactured from bioplastics, specifically Polylactic Acid (PLA) derived from renewable resources, or recycled content high-density polyethylene (rHDPE). The "interference fit" between adjacent frames is achieved by designing precise dimensional tolerances for PLA/rHDPE, which exhibit suitable stiffness and flexural properties for snap-fit or friction-fit connections. For increased durability and structural integrity, especially for the outermost extension frame carrying the insertion flange (311), a blend of rHDPE with a small percentage of glass fiber reinforcement can be used. These materials are chosen for their environmental benefits and suitability for injection molding processes.

graph TD
    A[Fecal Collection Box (3)] --> EF[Plurality of Extension Frames (31)]
    A --> FB[Fixing Basin (32)]
    EF -- Material 1 --> PLA[Bioplastic (PLA)]
    EF -- Material 2 --> rHDPE[Recycled HDPE]
    FB -- Material --> PLA or rHDPE
    EF_OUTER[Outermost Extension Frame] --> rHDPE_GF[rHDPE + Glass Fiber]
    EF -- Connects via --> IF[Interference Fit] --> FB
    style A fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px

---

Claim 10, Derivative 10.2: Component Substitution - Pneumatic/Hydraulic Volume Adjustment

Enabling Description: This derivative replaces the manual "interference fit" for adjusting the volume of the fecal collection chamber in US12433239 Claim 10 with an automated pneumatic or hydraulic system. Each extension frame (31) and the fixing basin (32) feature integrated micro-cylinders and seals. A miniature air pump or fluid reservoir and control manifold are integrated into the base (2) or a dedicated sub-unit. By actuating specific pneumatic/hydraulic lines, the extension frames can be automatically extended or retracted relative to each other and the fixing basin, changing the volume of the fecal collection chamber (33) on demand. Pressure sensors in each segment detect full extension or retraction. This allows for remote or programmed adjustment of the litter box volume, optimizing for pet size, usage frequency, or cleaning cycles. The outermost frame still carries the insertion flange (311) for detachment.

flowchart TD
    SubUnit[Control Sub-unit] -- Actuates --> PM[Pneumatic/Hydraulic Manifold]
    PM -- Delivers Fluid/Air --> EC1[Extension Frame 1 Cylinders]
    PM -- Delivers Fluid/Air --> EC2[Extension Frame 2 Cylinders]
    PM -- Delivers Fluid/Air --> FBC[Fixing Basin Cylinders]
    EC1 -- Extends/Retracts --> EF1[Extension Frame 1]
    EC2 -- Extends/Retracts --> EF2[Extension Frame 2]
    FBC -- Extends/Retracts --> FB[Fixing Basin]
    EF1 -- Nesting --> EF2
    EF2 -- Nesting --> FB
    EF1, EF2, FB -- Form --> FCC[Fecal Collection Chamber (33)]
    SubUnit -- Monitors --> PS[Pressure Sensors in Cylinders]
    style FCC fill:#ccf,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px

---

Claim 10, Derivative 10.3: Operational Parameter Expansion - Micro-Scale Diagnostic Waste Analysis System

Enabling Description: This derivative shrinks the concept of US12433239 Claim 10 to a micro-scale for diagnostic waste analysis, applicable in miniature robotic pet care or biomedical research. The "base" (2) is a robotic diagnostic platform, and the "fecal collection box" (3) is a micro-fluidic analysis cartridge. The plurality of extension frames (31) become nested micro-chambers or reaction wells, with the "interference fit" ensuring precise alignment for fluidic connections. The outermost frame includes micro-scale insertion flanges (311) for automated robotic handling and insertion into the diagnostic platform. The "fecal collection chamber" (33) in this context is where a minuscule sample of excrement is processed, potentially through a series of nested micro-chambers for sequential reagent addition, filtration, and optical or electrochemical analysis. Volume changes on a micro-liter scale.

graph TD
    A[Robotic Diagnostic Platform (Base)] --> B{Micro-Insertion Slots}
    C[Micro-Fluidic Analysis Cartridge (Fecal Box)] --> D{Micro-Insertion Flanges}
    D -- Slides into --> B
    C -- Contains --> EF_MICRO[Plurality of Nested Micro-Chambers]
    EF_MICRO -- Features --> IF_MICRO[Micro-Interference Fit]
    EF_MICRO -- Forms --> M_FCC[Micro-Fecal Collection Chamber]
    M_FCC -- Leads to --> SA[Sample Analysis]
    style A fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    style C fill:#ccf,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px

---

Claim 10, Derivative 10.4: Cross-Domain Application - Modular Agricultural Seed Dispenser

Enabling Description: This derivative applies US12433239 Claim 10 to agricultural technology, specifically a modular seed dispenser for precision farming equipment. The "base" (2) is the housing of a seed planting machine. The "fecal collection box" (3) is re-purposed as a variable-capacity seed hopper. The plurality of extension frames (31) function as adjustable hopper walls, allowing the farmer to quickly change the volume of the seed storage chamber (33) to match different seed types or planting requirements. The "interference fit" between adjacent frames (31) ensures a sealed, stable connection, preventing seed leakage and maintaining a precise volume. The outermost extension frame includes the insertion flange (311) for quick detachment and replacement of the entire hopper unit for refilling or changing seed types.

graph TD
    A[Seed Planting Machine Housing (Base)] --> B{Insertion Slots}
    C[Variable-Capacity Seed Hopper (Fecal Box)] --> D{Insertion Flanges}
    D -- Slides into --> B
    C -- Contains --> EF_AGRI[Plurality of Adjustable Hopper Walls (Extension Frames)]
    EF_AGRI -- Achieves --> IF_AGRI[Interference Fit]
    EF_AGRI -- Forms --> S_CHAMBER[Seed Storage Chamber (33)]
    style A fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    style C fill:#ccf,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px

---

Claim 10, Derivative 10.5: Integration with Emerging Tech - AI-Driven Optimal Volume Adjustment & Predictive Supply Chain

Enabling Description: This derivative integrates AI and supply chain technologies with US12433239 Claim 10. The pet toilet (base 2, fecal collection box 3 with extension frames 31 and fixing basin 32) is equipped with sensors (e.g., ultrasonic range finders, load cells) to monitor the fill level of the fecal collection chamber (33) and an environmental sensor array (temperature, humidity, ambient light). An embedded AI module (e.g., using TensorFlow Lite on a Raspberry Pi Zero W) analyzes this data along with pet-specific data (e.g., breed, age, activity level, dietary intake—received wirelessly from a companion app) to dynamically predict optimal volume requirements. The AI then suggests (via app notification) or autonomously actuates (if equipped with pneumatic/hydraulic adjustment from Derivative 10.2) the extension frames (31) to achieve the ideal chamber volume. Furthermore, the AI monitors remaining capacity and, when critically low, automatically triggers a reorder request for replacement waste bags or litter via a blockchain-secured supply chain (e.g., using a smart contract on Ethereum for transparent, automated procurement).

graph TD
    PetToilet[Pet Toilet (US12433239 Claim 10)] --> SENSORS[Ultrasonic, Load Cell, Environmental]
    SENSORS -- Data --> AI_MODULE[AI Module (TensorFlow Lite)]
    AI_MODULE -- Integrates --> PET_DATA[Pet-Specific Data (Companion App)]
    AI_MODULE -- Predicts --> OPT_VOL[Optimal Chamber Volume]
    OPT_VOL -- Triggers --> FRAME_ADJUST[Actuate Extension Frames (31)]
    AI_MODULE -- Monitors --> REM_CAP[Remaining Capacity]
    REM_CAP -- Triggers --> REORDER[Automated Reorder Request]
    REORDER -- Via --> BLOCKCHAIN[Blockchain Supply Chain (Ethereum Smart Contract)]
    style PetToilet fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px

---

Claim 10, Derivative 10.6: The "Inverse" / Failure Mode - Collapsible Emergency Staging Unit

Enabling Description: This derivative focuses on the "failure" or emergency scenario for US12433239 Claim 10. The fecal collection box (3) with its plurality of extension frames (31) and fixing basin (32) is designed as a fully collapsible, rapid-deployment emergency staging unit. Instead of an interference fit, the frames utilize a tension-cable system or magnetic alignment guides to hold them in an extended position, enabling quick setup. In a "failure" mode (e.g., structural compromise of a frame, contamination, or immediate need for compact storage), a quick-release mechanism (e.g., a single pull-tab) disengages the tension or magnetic forces, allowing all extension frames to rapidly nest into the fixing basin, reducing the volume to its absolute minimum for compact storage or safe disposal. The insertion flange (311) on the outermost frame remains accessible even in the collapsed state to detach the entire unit from the base for emergency transport.

stateDiagram-v2
    [*] --> Collapsed
    Collapsed --> Extended : Deploy (Tension/Magnetics)
    Extended --> StagingMode : Ready for Use
    StagingMode --> Extended : Adjust Volume
    Extended --> Collapsed : Quick-Release / Emergency Collapse
    note right of Collapsed
        Minimum volume for
        compact storage or
        emergency disposal.
    end note
    note left of Extended
        Variable volume
        for operational use.
    end note
    style Collapsed fill:#8CF,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    style Extended fill:#DDF,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px

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Combination Prior Art Scenarios with Open-Source Standards

Here are at least three "Combination Prior Art" scenarios where the principles of US12433239 are combined with existing open-source standards, demonstrating how these concepts could be rendered obvious or non-novel.

1. US12433239 + Open-Source 3D Printing Standards (e.g., STL, G-code for FDM/SLA)

• Scenario: A pet toilet, as described in Claim 1 of US12433239, featuring a detachable fecal collection box with insertion slots, flanges, and a bump/groove joint structure, is fabricated using open-source 3D printing technologies.
• Enabling Description: The design files for the base (2) and fecal collection box (3), including the precise geometries of the insertion slots (21), insertion flanges (311), first bump (3111), and first clamping groove (23), are created using open-source CAD software (e.g., FreeCAD, Blender) and exported as STL files. These STL files are then processed by open-source slicer software (e.g., Cura, PrusaSlicer) to generate G-code instructions. An open-source 3D printer (e.g., Prusa i3 series, Ender 3 series, running Marlin firmware) using commonly available filaments (e.g., PLA, PETG) is used to print the components. The inherent ability of 3D printing to create custom interlocking geometries and produce functional prototypes or end-use parts with precise tolerances, as governed by these open-source standards, makes the creation of such a detachable and interlocking system obvious. The dimensional accuracy required for the "insertion" and "joint structure" is routinely achievable with modern FDM or SLA 3D printing.
• Obviousness Implication: The ability to prototype and produce custom-fit, interlocking mechanical components like those for the detachable fecal collection box and its securement mechanism is directly enabled by mature open-source 3D printing ecosystems. Any variant of the connection system, or slight modifications to the geometry of the slots/flanges/bumps/grooves, would be a trivial design modification for anyone skilled in 3D printing.

2. US12433239 + Open-Source Robotic Control Systems (e.g., ROS, Arduino)

• Scenario: An automated pet toilet based on Claim 3 of US12433239, where the base includes limit protrusions and C-shaped insertion slots for a detachable fecal collection box, is augmented with an open-source robotic control system for automated handling.
• Enabling Description: The pet toilet's base (2) is integrated into a larger robotic platform (e.g., a gantry system or an articulated robotic arm). The C-shaped insertion slots (21) and limit protrusions (22) provide robust physical guidance and stops for the fecal collection box (3). An array of simple optical sensors (e.g., IR proximity sensors) is placed along the insertion path and at the limit protrusion points. An Arduino (or ESP32) microcontroller running open-source firmware (written in C++ within the Arduino IDE) interfaces with these sensors and controls stepper motors (e.g., NEMA 17) or servo actuators that are mechanically linked to the fecal collection box. Using the Robot Operating System (ROS) framework, a higher-level control node running on a Raspberry Pi or Linux machine processes sensor data from the Arduino, executes pre-programmed routines for detecting the presence, alignment, and secure seating of the fecal collection box, and can command the robotic platform to automatically insert or retrieve it. The system leverages ROS's capabilities for path planning, object detection, and sensor integration to ensure precise engagement with the C-shaped slots and limit protrusions.
• Obviousness Implication: Combining established mechanical guiding and limiting features (C-slots, limit protrusions) with widely available open-source robotics and sensing platforms (Arduino, ROS) for automated insertion and removal of a detachable component is a straightforward application of known technologies. The robotic control makes the manual process automated, but the underlying mechanical interfacing is already present in the patent.

3. US12433239 + Open-Source IoT Communication Protocols (e.g., MQTT, CoAP, Wi-Fi)

• Scenario: A modular pet toilet system as described in Claim 10 of US12433239, featuring a fecal collection box with a plurality of interference-fit extension frames, is enhanced with open-source IoT communication for remote monitoring and management.
• Enabling Description: The outermost extension frame (31) of the fecal collection box (3) (which contains the insertion flange 311) embeds an ESP8266 or ESP32 microcontroller with integrated Wi-Fi connectivity. This microcontroller is programmed using the open-source ESP-IDF or Arduino core to publish sensor data (e.g., fill level from an ultrasonic sensor, weight from a load cell) to an MQTT broker (e.g., Mosquitto) running on a local server or cloud platform. The MQTT protocol, an OASIS standard, is used for lightweight, publish-subscribe messaging. A mobile application or web dashboard, developed using open-source tools (e.g., Node-RED, Grafana), subscribes to these MQTT topics, providing real-time monitoring of the fecal collection chamber's (33) volume and status. Users can remotely command volume adjustments (if an automated mechanism is integrated) or receive alerts for emptying. The "interference fit" between extension frames (31) ensures physical stability, while the open-source IoT stack provides the communication layer for intelligent management.
• Obviousness Implication: Integrating standard sensor technologies (ultrasonic, load cells) with modular, adjustable-volume containers and connecting them to open-source IoT communication protocols (MQTT, Wi-Fi) for remote monitoring and control is a well-known method for enhancing consumer devices. The specific physical modularity of the collection box (Claim 10) directly lends itself to such monitoring, and the use of open-source standards makes the communication aspect readily implementable.

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