Invalidity dossier
US 10866773
Information apparatus for playing digital content that is received from a digital content service provided over the internet
Current assignee: Flexiworld Technologies, Inc.
Added 8/28/2026, 12:48:44 PM
Active provider: DeepSeek · deepseek-v4-flash
Auto-generating section 1 of 3: Obviousness…
Each section takes ~30-60s with web-search grounding. Keep this tab open — sections will fill in below as they complete.
Patent summary
Title, assignee, inventors, filing/issue dates, abstract, and a plain-language overview of the claims.
US Patent 10,866,773 B2 — Analyst Summary
Bibliographic data (confirmed via Google Patents / USPTO records)
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Patent number | US10866773B2 |
| Title | Information apparatus for playing digital content that is received from a digital content service provided over the internet |
| Application | US 16/215,506, filed 2018-12-10 |
| Issue date | 2020-12-15 |
| Priority date | 2000-11-01 (claims priority to US 10/016,223, filed 2001-11-01, and US 10/053,765, filed 2002-01-18 — both earlier Flexiworld filings in the pervasive-output family) |
| Inventors | William Ho Chang; Christina Ying Liu |
| Assignee | Flexiworld Technologies Inc. (original and current) |
| Legal status | Expired – Fee Related; adjusted expiration listed as 2022-02-28 |
| Key classifications | G06F3/12 (digital output to print unit), G06Q20/32 (wireless payment), H04L12/28 (home automation networks), H04L63/04 (encryption), H04L67/04 (protocols for limited-capability terminals) |
Abstract
Uncertainty note: The Google Patents fetch you supplied did not include the abstract or the claims text, and my searches did not surface a verbatim abstract. I will not fabricate one. Based on the title and the specification, the invention is directed to an information apparatus (e.g., a mobile phone, PDA, tablet, or similar device) that receives digital content from a digital content service provided over the internet and plays/outputs that content — the specification framing it as a "pervasive output" system in which a small mobile device can obtain digital content from a network service and output it to a display, audio, or printing device without requiring full document processing on the mobile device itself.
Independent claims — plain-language overview
Important caveat: The granted claims were not included in the fetched Google Patents text (the fetch truncates mid-specification at the FIG. 9A description), and I could not confirm the exact claim language from USPTO in my searches. A claim-by-claim breakdown would be guesswork, so I am flagging this rather than inventing claim text.
What can be said with reasonable confidence from the title plus the specification (pervasive-output client/server architecture, output device objects, job objects, document objects, remote server conversion of documents into device-compatible output data, local wireless delivery to an output device):
- The independent apparatus claims appear directed to an information apparatus (mobile/portable computing device) configured to:
- communicate, via a wireless communication unit, with a digital content service over the internet;
- receive digital content from that service (including content the device may be unable to fully display or process locally);
- play or output the digital content — e.g., on the device itself or by outputting to an output device — with processing/conversion of the content into an output-appropriate format handled remotely (e.g., by a server application) rather than by the limited-resource mobile device.
- Dependent claims in this family typically add details such as the type of wireless interface (e.g., Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11), the content format (HTML, PDF, JPEG, etc.), authentication/security features, and output-device-specific rendering.
Bottom line: I can reliably state the claim scope in general terms (an internet-connected mobile information apparatus that receives and plays digital content from an online digital content service, with the pervasive-output architecture described throughout the spec), but I do not have authoritative verbatim claim text for this patent and recommend pulling the claims from USPTO Patent Public Search or the Google Patents claims tab for a claim-by-claim analysis.
Litigation / CAFC status (as of 2026-04-26)
- District court: Flexiworld Technologies, Inc. v. Sony Corporation, No. 2:23-cv-00616 (E.D. Tex., filed 2019-12-19 — per RPX/PacerMonitor, filed 12/19/2023; Judge Rodney Gilstrap). US10866773 was among the patents asserted (sources list it among ~15 patents in the original complaint, including US9836257, US9836259, US11096056, US10768871, US9042811, US10846031, etc.).
- Disposition: Per the stipulation order quoted in secondary sources (Dkt. 42), all claims and counterclaims were dismissed with prejudice under Rule 41(a)(1)(A)(ii), each party to bear its own costs, with no merits ruling — i.e., the patent's validity was not adjudicated.
- CAFC: My searches for a Federal Circuit appeal docket involving Flexiworld/Sony and this patent returned no results (including no 2025–2026 CAFC docket entries found). Based on available records, I found no pending CAFC appeal tied to US10866773 as of today. If a notice of appeal exists it did not surface in the sources searched (PacerMonitor, RPX, PatSnap, Stanford NPE database), so treat the absence of an appeal as "not found," not conclusively "never filed."
Key uncertainties
- Abstract text — not captured in the supplied fetch; paraphrase above only.
- Verbatim independent claim language — not verified; general scope description only.
- Final patents-in-suit list — secondary sources differ (original complaint lists ~15 patents including 10,866,773; PatSnap describes "seven patents" after amendment). 10,866,773's inclusion in the case is corroborated by the Stanford NPE database and the Golden Compass patent-litigation index.
Generated 8/28/2026, 6:48:12 PM
Cases on file (1)
Group view →Specific litigation cases in our database that name US patent 10866773. The free-form analysis below may also discuss cases beyond this list.
- Flexiworld Technologies, Inc. v. Sony Corporationfiled Dec 19, 20232:23-cv-00616U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Marshall Division (Judge Rodney Gilstrap)terminated May 29, 2025dismissed with prejudice
Defendants: Sony Corporation
Other patents asserted: 10133527, 9836259B2, 11096056B2, 9798516B2, 9042811B2, 10768871B2, 11029903B2, 10162596B2, 10037178, 10140073, 10387087, 10489096, 10642576, 10846031, 7609402, 9836257, 9965233
Litigation summary
Past and pending lawsuits — plaintiffs, defendants, jurisdictions, outcomes, and notable rulings.
I'll search for litigation involving US Patent 10,866,773. Let me run several targeted searches.
The Stanford NPE Litigation Database shows a case against Sony. Let me dig deeper for details and any additional cases.
I've identified the Sony case. Let me verify whether the newer Flexiworld cases (TCL, HP, LG) assert patent '773, since the LG case reportedly asserted only six other patents.
Based on my searches, here is what is known about litigation specifically involving US Patent 10,866,773 ("Information apparatus for playing digital content that is received from a digital content service provided over the internet," Flexiworld Technologies Inc.):
Confirmed litigation
1. Flexiworld Technologies, Inc. v. Sony Corporation
- Case No.: 2:23-cv-00616
- Jurisdiction: U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas (Marshall Division)
- Presiding Judge: Rodney Gilstrap
- Plaintiff: Flexiworld Technologies, Inc.
- Defendant: Sony Corporation
- Filing date: December 19, 2023
- Patents asserted: US '773 was one of 15 patents asserted in the case, including 7,609,402; 9,042,811; 9,836,257; 9,836,259; 9,965,233; 10,037,178; 10,140,073; 10,346,087; 10,460,890; 10,642,576; 10,768,871; 10,846,031; 10,866,773; 11,029,903; and 11,096,056 (per RPX/PatentPia listings).
- Outcome/Status: Dismissed with prejudice. The parties filed a Joint Stipulation to Dismiss (Dkt. 42) under Fed. R. Civ. P. 41(a)(1)(A)(ii), dismissing "all pending claims and counterclaims" with prejudice; each party bore its own costs. The case was closed without any merits ruling on the patents (PACER/RPX/PatSnap). The case had progressed through an amended complaint (June 2024), a Markman hearing scheduled for June 2025, and a trial date of December 8, 2025, before the stipulated dismissal was entered.
Source: Stanford NPE Litigation Database (https://npe.law.stanford.edu/patent/10866773); RPX Empower (https://litigation.rpxcorp.com/litigation/txedce-[226846](/patent/226846)-flexiworld-technologies-v-sony); PACER Monitor (https://www.pacermonitor.com/public/case/51750256/Flexiworld_Technologies,_Inc_v_Sony_Corporation).
Related Flexiworld campaign cases (same patent family campaign) — '773 not confirmed
Flexiworld has run an ongoing E.D. Tex./S.D. Tex. campaign since June 2020 asserting roughly 40 wireless-connectivity and streaming patents. However, based on the records I found:
- Flexiworld v. [LG Electronics Inc.](/litigations/by-plaintiff/LG%20Electronics%20Inc.) / LG Electronics USA, Inc. (2:25-cv-00960, E.D. Tex., filed Sept. 18, 2025): The six asserted patents were reported as 9,042,811; 9,836,259; 9,965,233; 10,140,072; 10,162,596; and 10,037,178 — '773 is not among them. A settlement/notice of settlement was filed per RPX (March 2026).
- Flexiworld v. TCL Electronics Holdings Ltd. et al. (2:26-cv-00229, E.D. Tex., filed March 20, 2026): Asserts 12 patents; I could not confirm whether '773 is among them from the available sources.
- Flexiworld v. HP (S.D. Tex., before Judge Charles Eskridge): Claim-construction rulings issued around December 2025; I could not confirm whether '773 is asserted in that case.
Bottom line
The only litigation I can confirm as involving US Patent 10,866,773 is Flexiworld Technologies, Inc. v. Sony Corporation, 2:23-cv-00616 (E.D. Tex.), filed December 19, 2023, and dismissed with prejudice by joint stipulation (no merits ruling). If you need verification on whether '773 is asserted in the TCL or HP cases, that would require reviewing the complaints on PACER (docket numbers 2:26-cv-00229 E.D. Tex. and the S.D. Tex. HP matter), which I was unable to fully confirm within my search limits.
Generated 8/28/2026, 6:48:12 PM
Proceedings on file (0)
All PTAB activity →AIA trial proceedings (IPR / PGR / CBM) filed at the USPTO Patent Trial and Appeal Board against this patent. Sourced from the USPTO Open Data Portal and refreshed every six hours; each proceeding number deep-links to the PTAB E2E docket.
Current assignee: Flexiworld Technologies, Inc.
No PTAB proceedings on file. This patent has not been challenged via IPR, PGR, or CBM. The absence is itself a signal — well-asserted patents eventually attract IPRs. The LLM analysis below may surface filings the ODP feed hasn’t indexed yet.
PTAB challenges
AIA trial proceedings at the USPTO Patent Trial and Appeal Board — IPR, PGR, and CBM. Petitioners, judge panels, claim-level invalidation outcomes from Final Written Decisions, and Federal Circuit appeals. The single most important defensive datapoint after litigation history.
Proceedings overview
There are zero AIA trial proceedings (IPR/PGR/CBM) on file for US Patent 10,866,773 — no active cases, no claims invalidated, no claims sustained, no settlements, and no institution denials — which means the patent is completely untested at the PTAB, and a defendant facing assertion today faces no estoppel from any prior petitioner and retains every § 102/§ 103 ground that the art of record supports.
This matches the canonical USPTO Open Data Portal block supplied in the prompt ("The USPTO ODP API returns no AIA trial proceedings for this patent as of the most recent ingest"), and my independent searches of PTAB sources corroborated it: the only Flexiworld IPRs that surfaced involve sibling patents (e.g., IPR2022-01112 Roku v. Flexiworld on US 10,140,073; IPR2023-00846 Lexmark v. Flexiworld on US 9,965,233; IPR2022-00775 Unified Patents v. Flexiworld on US 9,836,257) — none challenge US 10,866,773.
Because there are no proceedings, the per-proceeding template below is intentionally not populated, and no FWD citations, panel names, or claim-level outcomes are offered (there are none to report).
Strategic summary
Claims status — all claims UNTESTED, none canceled, none sustained. Every claim of US 10,866,773 is untouched by the PTAB. No petitioner has ever filed an IPR, PGR, or CBM against it, so there is no FWD narrowing the patent and no claim that a defendant can point to as dead on a PTAB record. This cuts both ways: the patent owner cannot claim a PTAB "win" as armor, but a defendant cannot rely on any PTAB-created weakness either. Note also the patent's legal status flag on Google Patents: Expired – Fee Related, with an adjusted expiration of 2022-02-28 (term measured from the 2001-11-01 non-provisional chain). An expired patent caps any damages exposure at pre-expiration conduct and forecloses injunctive relief — that, more than any PTAB record, is the current defensive lever.
Estoppel landscape — clean slate for everyone. Because no IPR has been filed on '773, no § 315(e)(2) estoppel has attached to any party. Any defendant (subject to the § 315(b) one-year bar from service of a complaint asserting '773) can raise any § 102/§ 103 ground, including art that has already been used successfully or unsuccessfully against Flexiworld's family members. The sibling IPRs are a ready-made prior-art library: Unified Patents' IPR2022-00775 on US 9,836,257 used Olgaard/Moghadam and Acharya/Griffiths (Flexiworld prevailed on conception-date grounds — a foreshadowing that Flexiworld will fight priority-date swearing-behind battles hard); Roku's IPR2022-01112 on US 10,140,073 and Lexmark's IPR2023-00846 on US 9,965,233 (settled/terminated 2024-01-26) show the art landscape the campaign's opponents have been mining. Since '773 shares the pervasive-output family priority (2000-11-01), the same pre-2001 art (e.g., Keeney, Vatland) is directly relevant.
Pattern signals. There is no serial-petitioner pattern on '773 itself — no one has filed even once. But the surrounding pattern is informative: (1) Flexiworld's ~40-patent wireless/streaming campaign (June 2020–present; E.D. Tex./S.D. Tex./W.D. Tex.) has drawn IPRs from Roku, Lexmark, and Unified Patents on other family patents, and Unified Patents has separately pursued ex parte reexamination of Flexiworld's RE48,066 (filed 2025-05-23) — a defensive aggregator is active in the portfolio even though it has not yet targeted '773; (2) Flexiworld has defended aggressively at the PTAB and won (IPR2022-00775), so a petitioner should expect a vigorous priority-date fight given the 2000-era provisional drafts; (3) '773 itself was included in the original complaint in Flexiworld v. Sony (2:23-cv-00616, E.D. Tex., filed 2023-12-19) but does not appear among the seven patents in the First Amended Complaint (exhibits: US9798516, US9042811, US9836259, US10768871, US10162596, US11029903, US11096056), and the case was dismissed with prejudice by joint stipulation (Dkt. 42) with no merits ruling — meaning '773 has effectively not been prosecuted in court either, and no party is currently estopped or barred by that litigation.
Recommended next steps
- Confirm what you're actually facing. '773 is not in the amended Sony complaint, and the only confirmed litigation involving it (Sony, 2:23-cv-00616) is dismissed with prejudice. Verify whether '773 is among the 12 patents asserted in Flexiworld v. TCL (2:26-cv-00229, E.D. Tex., filed 2026-03-20) or the HP case (S.D. Tex.) before investing in an IPR — those complaints were not confirmable in my searches (see the litigation summary above).
- If you are served with '773, the IPR door is open but the economics are odd. There is no estoppel from prior proceedings and no claim is PTAB-hardened, so a well-built IPR (using the Olgaard/Acharya/Keeney-class art already vetted in sibling cases) has a fair chance of institution. But weigh this against the patent's 2022-02-28 expiration: damages are limited to pre-expiration conduct, the § 315(b) one-year clock starts at service, and an IPR on an expired patent rarely justifies its cost unless the accused pre-expiration revenue is material or the patent is being used offensively against channel partners. The stronger first move is a summary-judgment-style expiration / limited-damages defense in district court.
- Watch the sibling IPRs for the playbook. Flexiworld's successful conception-date defense in IPR2022-00775 (Paper 41, Nov. 1, 2023 — Unified Patents v. Flexiworld, US 9,836,257) means any '773 petition must preempt a swearing-behind attack with contemporaneous corroboration analysis; conversely, the art those petitioners assembled is directly reusable because '773 shares the same priority chain.
- No PTAB activity is itself the signal here. The absence of a challenge to '773 despite a multi-year, multi-defendant campaign likely reflects the patent's early expiration and its quiet withdrawal from the Sony case — not that the claims are strong. Treat the claims as untested and attackable, but structure the defense around expiration first and PTAB second.
Key sourcing note (no fabrication): This is a "no proceedings on file" result. I did not invent any proceeding numbers, panels, FWDs, or claim dispositions, and I have not cited any — the USPTO ODP block reports zero AIA trials for US 10866773, and my searches (PTAB petition documents, ipverse/greyb PTAB case data, Patexia, Unified Patents portal) surfaced IPRs only against other Flexiworld patents (10,140,073; 9,965,233; 9,836,257; RE48,066 reexam). If a petition on '773 was filed after the ODP ingest, it would not appear here — a PACER/PTAB E2E check by case number is the definitive confirmation step.
Generated 8/28/2026, 6:49:03 PM
Assignment history
Inventors, original assignee, and the chain of ownership recorded with the USPTO — including the correspondent attorney who recorded each assignment, since shell-LLC chains often share one repeat-player attorney even when the entity names look unrelated. Surfaces NPE / patent-troll patterns: shell-entity transfers, known asserters in the chain, repeat correspondent fingerprints, pre-litigation assignments, and bankruptcy fire-sales.
Ownership & Assignment Analysis — US Patent 10,866,773 B2
Sources used: Google Patents (full-text fetch provided), RPX litigation documents (insight.rpxcorp.com), Unified Patents patent portal, Stanford NPE Litigation Database, CourtListener / Casetext (Flexiworld v. Roku), PACER Monitor. I was not able to query the USPTO Assignment Center directly in this session (interactive tool; search limit reached), so reel/frame entries below are limited to what is verifiable from secondary sources. Where a specific reel/frame is not verified, I say so plainly rather than inventing one.
Inventors
| Inventor | Employer at filing (determinable) | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| William Ho Chang | Flexiworld Technologies Inc. (founder/principal) | Named inventor across the entire pervasive-output family (hundreds of Flexiworld patents/applications); the litigation pleadings in this family uniformly allege assignments "from inventors Chang and Liu to Flexiworld." |
| Christina Ying Liu | Flexiworld Technologies Inc. (co-founder/principal) | Same family-wide pattern. |
Unusual patterns: None of the "inventors departed within 12 months / portfolio fire-sale" type. Both inventors are the principals of the assignee itself and remain associated with the family's prosecution and enforcement through the present litigation campaign. This is a founder-inventor licensing company, not a stranded-inventor situation.
Original assignee
- Entity named on the issued patent (current assignee per Google Patents): Flexiworld Technologies Inc. (also indexed as "Flexiworld Tech Inc." in the Unified Patents portal for sibling patents in the same family, e.g., US 10,489,096 B2).
- Line of business: Patent development and licensing. Flexiworld's own website (flexiworld.com) is organized as a patent-portfolio marketing portal (category pages for "Smart Watch," "Projector," etc.), describing itself as a pioneer/innovator in wireless output, streaming, and device-to-device content technologies.
- Did they ship a product embodying the claims? No. In its own litigation pleadings, Flexiworld states: "Since issuance of each of the Patents-in-Suit, Flexiworld has not made, offered for sale, sold, or imported a product that practices any of the Patents-in-Suit or that would otherwise require marking under 35 U.S.C. § 287" (Flexiworld v. Sony, E.D. Tex. 2:23-cv-00616, Amended Complaint ¶ 100, quoted via RPX). This is a formal non-practicing-entity admission.
- Current status: Operating (as of 2026-08) as a non-practicing licensing/assertion entity; still filing infringement suits (LG, Sept. 2025; TCL, Mar. 2026). No bankruptcy, no acquisition found. Flexiworld has also sold assets historically (e.g., assigned the '541 patent and '958 application to Samsung per the Flexiworld v. Roku standing decision, W.D. Wash.), but those were different assets, not the '773.
Assignment timeline
Verification caveat: I could not open the USPTO Assignment Center in this session, and neither Google Patents legal events for '773 nor my searches surfaced a '773-specific reel/frame. What is verified:
- Google Patents legal events for US10866773 contain no assignment events at all — only filing/priority/grant/expiration events (2018-12-10 filed; 2019-04-25 published; 2020-12-15 granted; 2022-02-28 adjusted expiration; status "Expired – Fee Related"). No post-issuance transfer is reflected anywhere I searched, which strongly suggests Flexiworld Technologies Inc. has owned the patent continuously since filing and remains the assignee of record.
- Family-level verified recordations (from RPX complaint documents in the same campaign; these confirm the standard practice in this family — every patent-in-suit has a recorded inventor-to-Flexiworld assignment):
- '402 patent — Chang & Liu → Flexiworld, Reel/Frame 028733/0064 (Sony complaint ¶ 51)
- '811, '072, '178 patents — Chang & Liu → Flexiworld, Reel/Frame 042385/0202 (Sony/LG complaints)
- '596 patent — Chang & Liu → Flexiworld, Reel/Frame 039816/0200 (LG complaint ¶ 66)
- The '773 was one of the 15 patents asserted in Flexiworld v. Sony (2:23-cv-00616, E.D. Tex.), and the complaint alleges recorded assignments for each patent-in-suit — so a recorded Chang & Liu → Flexiworld assignment for '773 almost certainly exists on a reel in this same set, but I did not capture its specific reel/frame and will not guess it.
Recorded assignments for '773, so far as verifiable:
- ~2018–2020 (executed) / recorded pre-issue — Reel/Frame: NOT VERIFIED (family pattern: 028733/0064, 039816/0200, 042385/0202)
- Conveyance: Assignment (inventor-to-company)
- Assignor: William Ho Chang; Christina Ying Liu
- Assignee: Flexiworld Technologies Inc.
- Correspondent: Not captured (the Assignment Center correspondent for the Flexiworld family could not be retrieved in this session; flagging as unknown rather than inventing a name)
- Context: Standard inventor assignment to the founders' company at/around prosecution.
- No post-issuance assignments found. No transfers to LLCs, no security agreements, no mergers, no name changes surfaced in any searched source.
Bottom line for this section: The record I can verify shows a single-owner chain — inventors → Flexiworld Technologies Inc. — with no post-issuance transfer and no shell-LLC chain. The USPTO Assignment Center should be checked directly (search "10866773" at https://assignmentcenter.uspto.gov/) to confirm the exact reel/frame and correspondent, which is the one piece I could not pull.
Timeline diagram
timeline
title Ownership of US 10866773
2000 : Priority date claimed
2001 : First priority application filed
2018 : Continuation filed
2020 : Patent issued to Flexiworld
2022 : Patent term expired
2023 : Asserted against Sony in Texas
2025 : Sony case dismissed with prejudice
NPE / troll-pattern signals
Shell-entity transfer — Not present as a mechanism (no transfer from an operating assignee to a licensing LLC; Flexiworld is the original assignee throughout). Present in substance: the owner is a licensing-only entity with no products in commerce — admitted in its own complaint (Sony Am. Compl. ¶ 100, quoted above) and a patent-marketing website. Concrete evidence, not naming-based inference. Cite: Sony Am. Compl. ¶ 100 (RPX doc 15143102 / 15717164); flexiworld.com.
Known asserter in the chain — Present. Flexiworld Technologies Inc. is a high-frequency plaintiff tracked by RPX (litigation.rpxcorp.com), the Stanford NPE Litigation Database (npe.law.stanford.edu lists US10866773 under Flexiworld v. Sony), and its patents are indexed in the Unified Patents portal (portal.unifiedpatents.com lists "Flexiworld Tech Inc" as assignee of sibling family patents). Campaign targets include Samsung, Roku, Sony, LG, HP, and TCL. This is a textbook tracked-NPE profile.
Repeat correspondent across the chain — Unclear. With only a single link in the chain (inventors → Flexiworld) and the correspondent for that recordation not retrievable in this session, there is no recurrence to demonstrate. Flagged as unverified, not a finding.
Cascading transfers — Not present. No chained LLC transfers; the chain is one hop (inventors → Flexiworld). The only asset movement in the family is the reverse direction (Flexiworld selling the '541 patent and '958 application to Samsung circa 2013, per Flexiworld v. Roku, W.D. Wash.) — the opposite of an NPE cascade.
Pre-litigation transfer — Not present. No assignment timed within 6 months of the Dec. 2023 Sony filing; Flexiworld has owned the patent continuously since issuance (2020).
Bankruptcy fire-sale — Not present. No Chapter 7/11 found for Flexiworld; patent not sold in any receivership.
Privateering — Not present / no evidence. Flexiworld asserts in its own name for its own account; no SEC- or EFF-surfaced arrangement showing it asserts on behalf of an operating company. (The Samsung sale is a divestiture, not privateering.)
Defensive aggregator (anti-NPE) — Not present. Chain terminates at the asserting entity, not RPX, AST, LOT, Unified Patents, or OIN. Notably, the patent is expired (adjusted expiration 2022-02-28; status "Expired – Fee Related"), so it is a damages-only monetization asset — and it was nonetheless asserted in 2023 for pre-expiration damages.
Verdict
NPE — high confidence.
Two strong, independently sourced signals drive this: (1) the owner is a non-practicing licensing entity — Flexiworld admitted in its own Sony complaint that it has never made, sold, or imported a product practicing these patents (Am. Compl. ¶ 100), and (2) Flexiworld is a known high-frequency asserter tracked by RPX, the Stanford NPE Litigation Database, and Unified Patents, with suits against Samsung, Roku, Sony, LG, HP, and TCL. The ownership chain itself is clean (inventors → Flexiworld, no post-issuance transfers and no verified reel/frame for the '773 beyond the family pattern of 028733/0064, 039816/0200, and 042385/0202), so this is an NPE operating as the original assignee rather than a shell-LLC cascade — but the monetization-only conduct and litigation history are unambiguous. The '773-specific reel/frame and correspondent remain unverified and should be confirmed at the USPTO Assignment Center: https://assignmentcenter.uspto.gov/ (search patent number 10866773).
Generated 8/28/2026, 6:49:31 PM
Prior art
Earlier patents, publications, and products that may anticipate or render the claims unpatentable.
The Justia page appears to contain the examiner-cited reference list. Let me pull the full list and cross-check with Google Patents' "References Cited" section.
I need the complete citation list. Let me fetch the Justia page and the Google Patents citations sections directly.
I've reached the limit of my search budget for this task, so I'll now synthesize the available data with clear caveats about what could and could not be verified. Note up front: the USPTO full-text front-page citation list and verbatim claims for US10866773B2 were not fully retrievable within my search limits, so what follows is based on (a) the partial "Patent Citations" list surfaced from Justia (patents.justia.com/patent/10866773), (b) the "Other References" (non-patent literature) surfaced from the same source, and (c) the Google Patents family/citation data. I will flag every item I could not independently verify.
Prior-Art Analysis — US Patent 10,866,773 B2
Patent: US10866773B2 — "Information apparatus for playing digital content that is received from a digital content service provided over the internet"
Assignee: Flexiworld Technologies, Inc. | Inventors: William Ho Chang; Christina Ying Liu
Application: US 16/215,506, filed 2018-12-10 | Granted: 2020-12-15
Claimed priority: 2000-11-01 (provisional lineage via US 10/016,223 (filed 2001-11-01 → US7941541B2) and US 10/053,765 (filed 2002-01-18 → US9836257B2))
Critical § 102 framing. Because the patent carries a 2000-11-01 priority date but was filed as a continuation on 2018-12-10, it was examined under the AIA (effective-filing-date regime). Under AIA § 102(a)(2), a U.S. patent or published application is prior art if its effective filing date precedes the claimed invention's effective filing date — regardless of publication date — unless the art is by the same inventor or commonly owned (AIA § 102(b)(2)(C), analogous to pre-AIA § 103(c)). This is decisive for this family: a large share of the examiner-cited references are Flexiworld's own later-issued family patents and Flexiworld reissues (Chang/Liu), which are presumptively excluded as § 102 prior art by common ownership/inventorship — though they can still be relevant to § 103 obviousness analysis and to the validity of the priority claim itself. The third-party patents and non-patent literature are therefore the realistic § 102 anticipation candidates.
A. Most relevant prior art (short answer)
- Third-party wireless-printing / mobile-output patents cited by the examiner (e.g., US7460853, US7477890, US7478403, US7554684, US7571142, US7593123, US7644039, US7646503, US7650145, US7660460, US7668535, US7685244, US7688467, US7697467, US7712125, US7743133, US7761541, US7890581, US7908401, US7929950, US7949223, US7986298, US8086961, and reissue RE40910) — published 2008–2011, mostly pre-dating the 2018 filing but post-dating the 2000 priority date. Whether they are § 102 prior art at all turns on whether the 2000-11-01 priority claim is credited for all claims; if the priority claim holds, most of these are not § 102(a)(1)/(2) prior art for the 2000-dated claims (they are not published applications with earlier effective filing dates than 2000-11-01 either, except for the Flexiworld-owned family).
- Flexiworld family patents (same owner/inventors) — the closest technical disclosures of the pervasive-output architecture, but excluded from § 102 by common ownership (AIA § 102(b)(2)(C)).
- Non-patent literature — WiSAP (1998), Salutation-to-Bluetooth SDP mapping (1999), SLP comparison (2000), and the SIGDOC '93 online print-service paper — these genuinely pre-date the 2000 priority date and are the strongest § 102(a)(1) candidates for the service-discovery and wireless-output concepts.
B. Examiner-cited U.S. patent documents (partial list as retrieved)
The Justia front-page list retrieved begins at US7460853 and runs in ascending date order; the list below is what was captured before truncation. Full citation data (titles, filing dates) could not be verified for every entry — I have marked each accordingly.
B-1. Flexiworld family / commonly-owned references (same-inventor or same-assignee — excluded from § 102 by AIA § 102(b)(2)(C), but highly relevant to § 103 and to priority-chain validity)
| Citation | Pub. date | Description | § 102 anticipation |
|---|---|---|---|
| US7609402B2 — Chang et al. (Flexiworld) | 2009-10-27 | Flexiworld pervasive-output family patent; disclosed wireless output/information-apparatus architecture (title not independently verified in my searches). | Not § 102 art against '773 if common ownership applies; potential § 103 reference. |
| US7805720B2 — Chang et al. (Flexiworld) | 2010-09-28 | Flexiworld family patent (pervasive output / wireless content delivery). Title not verified. | Same caveat as above. |
| US7941541B2 — Chang et al. (Flexiworld) | 2011-05-10 | This is the granted parent (US 10/016,223, filed 2001-11-01) in the '773 priority chain — the disclosure the '773 continuation builds on. | Not § 102 art (same family/ownership); the closest technical disclosure to the '773 claims. |
| US7944577B2 — Chang et al. (Flexiworld) | 2011-05-17 | "Output Controller for Mobile and Pervasive Digital Content Output" (priority 2000-11-19 per Unified Patents portal). | Not § 102 art (common ownership); strong § 103 reference. |
| US7953818B2 — Chang et al. (Flexiworld) | 2011-05-31 | Flexiworld family patent (pervasive output / output-device discovery). Title not verified. | Same caveat as above. |
| RE42725E — Chang et al. (Flexiworld) | 2011-09-20 | Reissue of a Flexiworld family patent. | Same caveat as above. |
| RE41416, RE41487, RE41532, RE41689, RE41882, RE42828 — Liu et al. (Flexiworld) | 2010-07-06 through 2011-10-11 | Reissues of Flexiworld patents by co-inventor Christina Ying Liu (RE41532 identified as "Apparatus, Methods and Systems for Anonymous Communication"; RE41882 as "Communication Between Parties Over the Internet Without Revealing Personal or Security Information"). | Same caveat as above. |
§ 102 note for B-1: All of these share inventors/assignee with '773. Under AIA § 102(b)(2)(C), subject matter in commonly-owned applications/patents with an effective filing date before the '773 claims is disqualified as § 102(a)(2) prior art. They are, however, the most probative disclosures of the pervasive-output system the '773 claims cover and are the natural primary references in any § 103 combination.
B-2. Third-party U.S. patents (genuine § 102 candidates if priority chain fails; § 103 candidates regardless)
| Citation | Pub. date | Brief description (verified vs. unverified) | § 102 anticipation |
|---|---|---|---|
| US7460853B2 — Toyoshima | 2008-12-02 | Wireless-communication related patent (title not verified in my searches). | Potentially anticipates claim 1 and independent claims directed to wireless communication/receipt of digital content only if the 2000 priority date is not credited for all claims (pub. date is after 2000-11-01). |
| US7477890B2 — Narayanaswami (IBM) | 2009-01-13 | Pervasive/mobile-computing patent (title not verified). | Same conditional analysis as above. |
| US7478403B2 — Allavarpu et al. | 2009-01-13 | Digital-content distribution/output patent (title not verified). | Same conditional analysis. |
| US7554684B2 — Senoo et al. | 2009-06-30 | Likely printing/output-system patent (title not verified). | Same conditional analysis. |
| US7571142B2 — Flitcroft et al. | 2009-08-04 | Patent relating to wireless transactions/content (title not verified). | Same conditional analysis. |
| RE40910E — Aoki et al. | 2009-09-08 | Reissue; likely output/printing-related (title not verified). | Same conditional analysis. |
| US7593123B2 — Sugahara | 2009-09-22 | Likely printing-system patent (title not verified). | Same conditional analysis. |
| US7644039B2 — Magee et al. | 2010-01-05 | Likely wireless-printing patent (title not verified). | Same conditional analysis. |
| US7646503B2 — Silverbrook et al. | 2010-01-12 | Mobile-device printing patent (Silverbrook Research; title "printing a business card using a mobile device" recalled but not verified in searches). | Same conditional analysis; if it discloses a mobile device receiving content and printing it wirelessly, it maps to the independent-claim combination. |
| US7650145B2 — Ukita et al. | 2010-01-19 | Title not verified. | Same conditional analysis. |
| US7660460B2 — Wu et al. | 2010-02-09 | Title not verified. | Same conditional analysis. |
| US7668535B2 — Conneely et al. | 2010-02-23 | Title not verified. | Same conditional analysis. |
| US7685244B2 — Mousseau et al. | 2010-03-23 | Wireless data access / push technology patent (RIM lineage recalled; title not verified in searches). | Same conditional analysis. |
| US7688467B2 — Enmei | 2010-03-30 | Title not verified. | Same conditional analysis. |
| US7697467B2 — Kubler et al. | 2010-04-13 | Title not verified. | Same conditional analysis. |
| US7712125B2 — Herigstad et al. | 2010-05-04 | Content scheduling/delivery patent (title not verified). | Same conditional analysis. |
| US7743133B2 — Motoyama et al. | 2010-06-22 | Networked-device management patent (Ricoh lineage recalled; title not verified). | Same conditional analysis. |
| US7761541B2 — Morley et al. | 2010-07-20 | Title not verified. | Same conditional analysis. |
| US7890581B2 — Rao et al. | 2011-02-15 | Title not verified. | Same conditional analysis. |
| US7908401B2 — Chang | 2011-03-15 | Flexiworld family (inventor Chang) — see B-1 caveats; listed here because assignee/ownership could not be re-confirmed within search limits. | Common-ownership exclusion likely applies. |
| US7929950B2 — Rao et al. | 2011-04-19 | Title not verified. | Same conditional analysis as third-party entries. |
| US7949223B2 — Shiohara | 2011-05-24 | Likely printing-related (title not verified). | Same conditional analysis. |
| US7986298B2 — Dulaney et al. | 2011-07-26 | Title not verified. | Same conditional analysis. |
| US8086961B2 — Saeki et al. | 2011-12-27 | Title not verified. | Same conditional analysis. |
§ 102 note for B-2: Every third-party patent above published 2008–2011, i.e., after the claimed 2000-11-01 priority date. Under AIA § 102(a)(1) (publication before the effective filing date), none is prior art if the 2000 priority date is validly claimed for all claims. Under AIA § 102(a)(2), none has an effective filing date before 2000-11-01 (they were filed later). Therefore none of the B-2 references anticipates the claims if the priority chain holds — they would, however, be available as § 103 secondary references and would become § 102(a)(1) anticipatory references only if the priority claim were rejected for the relevant claims (e.g., lack of written-description support in the 2000/2001/2002 disclosures for later-added claim limitations).
C. Non-patent literature ("Other References" — strongest § 102(a)(1) candidates because they genuinely pre-date 2000-11-01)
| Reference | Date | Description | § 102 analysis |
|---|---|---|---|
| House et al., "An on-line communication print service for the demanding client," Proc. 11th Annual Int'l Conf. on Systems Documentation (SIGDOC '93), Waterloo, Ontario, Oct. 5–8, 1993, pp. 135–139 | 1993-10-05 | Discloses an on-line/network print service architecture. | Pre-dates 2000-11-01 → genuine § 102(a)(1) prior art. Potentially anticipates the network-output-service elements of claim 1 and related independent claims (receiving content for output via a network service), if the claims read on that architecture. |
| Microsoft® NT™ screenshots, Figures 5–7 | 1998 | Print/user-interface screenshots showing printer setup/printing UI. | Pre-dates priority date → § 102(a)(1) art; weak standalone anticipation, useful as § 103 evidence of conventional print-UI features. |
| Bisdikian et al., "WiSAP: a wireless personal access network for handheld computing devices," IEEE Personal Communications, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 18–25 | 1998-12 | Wireless personal-access network enabling handheld devices to access services — directly relevant to the mobile-wireless-to-output-device concept. | Pre-dates priority date → § 102(a)(1) art. Potentially anticipates the wireless-communication-unit and service-access elements of the independent claims. |
| Microsoft® Word 2000 screenshots, Figures 1–4 | 1999 | Print-dialog/UI screenshots. | Pre-dates priority date → § 102(a)(1) art; secondary/§ 103 evidence. |
| Miller, Brent, "Mapping Salutation Architecture APIs to Bluetooth Service Discovery Layer," Version 1.0 | 1999-07-01 | Maps Salutation service-discovery APIs onto Bluetooth SDP — directly relevant to device/service-discovery claims. | Pre-dates priority date → § 102(a)(1) art. Potentially anticipates discovery-related dependent claims. |
| Bettstetter et al., "A Comparison of Service Discovery Protocols and Implementation of the Service Location Protocol," Proc. 6th EUNICE Open European Summer School, Sep. 13–15, 2000 | 2000-09-13 | Compares service-discovery protocols (SLP, etc.) — relevant to output-device discovery. | Publication two months before 2000-11-01 → § 102(a)(1) art (assuming the invention date is not earlier). Potentially anticipates discovery-related claim elements. |
| U.S. Provisional Applications 60/224,701; 60/227,878; 60/243,654; 60/208,967; 60/220,047; 60/239,320 | 2000–2001 | Flexiworld's own provisional applications (the '773 priority documents and family provisionals). | Not third-party prior art; these are the priority basis. Relevant only to priority-chain and written-description analysis. |
| USPTO International Search Report (PCT/US01/43796, dated 2002-03-20) and International Preliminary Examination Report (2003-01-15); multiple USPTO Office Actions for family applications (09/992,198; 09/992,417; 09/992,420; 09/992,183; 09/992,413; 11/933,031; 11/933,005; 12/204,689; 12/204,695; 12/684,869) | 2002–2011 | File-history documents; the Office Actions identify the examiner's own prior-art positions in the family prosecution. | Not statutory prior art; useful for understanding which art the examiner relied on. |
D. Which claims are potentially anticipated — honest assessment
I must state plainly: the verbatim granted claim text for US10866773B2 was not retrievable within my search budget (the Google Patents fetch in your original materials truncates before the claims section, and I could not pull a USPTO full-text copy). Therefore I cannot map references to specific claim numbers with the precision the task requests, and I will not fabricate claim numbers.
What can be inferred about claim scope from the Google Patents term-frequency metadata for the claims section of '773 (from the fetched page: "claims ... response 8, description 150, communication 119, processing 76, memory 37, transmission 19, decompression 12, conversion 10, rendering 8, correction 6, segmentation 4, coupling 3, smoothing 2, initiating 1") — the claims are apparatus claims heavily directed to: communication circuitry (wireless), processing, memory, transmission of digital content, and conversion/rendering/decompression operations. This is fully consistent with the title: an information apparatus that receives digital content from an internet-based digital content service and plays/transmits it (per the pervasive-output architecture in the specification: client application → server-side conversion → output device).
Provisional claim mapping (to be confirmed against the actual claims):
- Claim 1 and the other independent apparatus claims (information apparatus with wireless communication unit, receiving digital content from an internet digital content service, playing/outputting the content): the strongest § 102 candidates are the pre-2000 NPL references — WiSAP (Bisdikian et al., 1998) for the handheld-wireless-service-access concept and House et al. (1993) for the network print-service concept — followed by the Flexiworld family patents (B-1) as the closest disclosures if the common-ownership exclusion were held inapplicable (it generally will not be).
- Dependent claims directed to service/output-device discovery (Bluetooth/802.11 discovery): Miller (1999) (Salutation→Bluetooth SDP) and Bettstetter et al. (2000) (SLP comparison) are genuine pre-2000 § 102(a)(1) art for those limitations.
- Dependent claims directed to print/output UI and job setup: the Microsoft NT (1998) and Word 2000 (1999) screenshots are pre-2000 art, though weak as standalone anticipation.
- The 2008–2011 third-party patents (B-2): cannot anticipate the 2000-priority claims because they post-date the priority date; they become anticipatory only if the priority claim is defeated for particular claims (a real risk for claims whose limitations lack written-description support in the 2000/2001/2002 disclosures — a known pressure point in this Flexiworld continuation campaign). In that scenario, each B-2 patent would be evaluated element-by-element against the specific independent and dependent claims; I could not perform that element-by-element comparison without the claims and full texts.
E. Confidence statements and verification recommendations
- Verified: Patent number US10866773B2, title, inventors, assignee, application/grant/priority dates; the existence and dates of the Justia-listed citations and NPL items reproduced above; family relationships (US7941541B2 ← US 10/016,223; US9836257B2 ← US 10/053,765); AIA § 102(b)(2)(C) common-ownership framework.
- Not verified / requires follow-up: (1) complete front-page citation list — the Justia capture may be partial and I could not confirm whether additional U.S. patents, foreign patent documents (e.g., the CN101834892 and CN101825996 entries that appeared in family data), or further NPL appear on the USPTO front page; (2) verbatim claim text and claim numbering; (3) titles/descriptions of most B-2 patents — I did not have search budget to confirm each; treat their descriptions as unverified; (4) whether the priority claim was expressly credited in the final Notice of Allowance.
- Recommended verification sources: USPTO Patent Public Search / Patent Center (full-text PDF of US10866773B2 for the front-page "References Cited" and the claims); Google Patents "Citations" tab (https://patents.google.com/patent/US10866773B2/en); Justia (https://patents.justia.com/patent/10866773) for the complete citation table; USPTO PAIR/Patent Center file wrapper for the final Office Action and Notice of Allowance to confirm which references were applied and whether priority was credited.
Bottom line: The most relevant prior art for US10866773 is (1) the pre-2000 non-patent literature — WiSAP (1998), Salutation/Bluetooth SDP mapping (1999), SLP comparison (2000), and the SIGDOC '93 print-service paper — which are the only genuine § 102(a)(1) anticipatory references identified, and (2) the Flexiworld family patents (US7609402, US7805720, US7941541, US7944577, US7953818, RE42725, and the Liu reissues), which are the closest technical disclosures but are excluded from § 102 by common ownership and serve primarily as § 103 references. The 2008–2011 third-party patents are conditional § 102 candidates that only become anticipatory if the 2000 priority claim is not credited for the claims at issue.
Generated 8/28/2026, 6:50:08 PM
Obviousness
Combinations of prior art that suggest the claimed invention would have been obvious under 35 U.S.C. § 103.
Extensions
Patent term adjustments, term extensions, continuations, divisionals, family members, and expiration dates.
Derivative works
Defensive disclosure: derivative variations of each claim designed to render future incremental improvements obvious or non-novel.
Keep exploring
More patents asserted by Flexiworld Technologies, Inc.
- US 10162596Summary — U.S. Patent No. 10,162,596 (US10162596B2) Bibliographic data (verified against USPTO-derived sources: uspto.report and Google Patents) | Field | Value | |---|---| | Patent number | 10,162,596 (B2) | | Title | Portable electronic…
- US 9836259Based on the authoritative patent text you supplied plus live searches of USPTO records (uspto.report, Google Patents, Justia, Unified Patents, Flexiworld's own portfolio page), here is the requested summary. US Patent 9,836,259…
- US 11096056
- US 9798516
- US 9042811Summary of U.S. Patent No. 9,042,811 (US9042811B2) Bibliographic Data | Field | Value | |---|---| | Title | Specification of Smart Wireless Television for Rendering Digital Content | | Assignee (at grant) | Flexiworld Technologies, Inc…
- US 10768871The initial searches returned no results. Let me try broader queries. I have the core patent details. Now let me specifically check for CAFC (Federal Circuit) 2026 docket activity involving this patent number. US Patent 10,768,871…
- US 11029903I'll search for US patent 11029903 in the USPTO database and check for any CAFC 2026 docket activity involving this patent number. The initial searches returned no results. Let me try alternative queries. I have solid USPTO/Google Patents…
- US 9965233I'll search for the specific patent number and any CAFC 2026 docket activity. Let me get more detail on the claims and check for any CAFC activity specific to this patent. Based on my searches (Google Patents, USPTO/PTAB records via…
Other patents in Software Technology & Computing Systems (T)
- US 9129376US Patent 9,129,376 B2 — Summary Searches performed I searched for the exact identifier 9129376 (and US9129376B2 / 9,129,376) in patent databases and litigation/CAFC sources, and searched the CAFC 2026 docket for this patent number. My…
- US 8825454US Patent 8,825,454 — Summary Note on sources: Bibliographic data below is corroborated by Google Patents (patents.google.com/patent/US8825454) and FreePatentsOnline. The full specification was supplied in your prompt; however, the claims…
- US 8818770I have confirmation of the key bibliographic data and relevant dockets. Let me retrieve the independent claims' full text to describe them accurately. US Patent 8,818,770 B2 — Summary Bibliographic data (verified against USPTO/Google…
- US 8170840The CAFC 2026 hits so far involve different EagleView patents (8,670,961 and 8,078,436) — not 8,170,840. Let me verify whether 8,170,840 itself appears in any 2026 CAFC activity and pull the actual claim set. I need the actual claim text…
- US 8209152B2Summary of US Patent 8209152B2 Bibliographic data | Field | Value | Source | |---|---|---| | Patent No. | US 8,209,152 B2 (8209152B2) | Google Patents; USPTO cover page PDF | | Title | Concurrent display systems and methods for aerial roof…
- US 10685149B2I'll search for authoritative information on this specific patent number. Let me search for the specific claims of this patent and any IPR/CAFC proceedings directly tied to it. I have good context on the patent's metadata and litigation…
- US 9514568B2Concise Patent Summary — US 9514568B2 Important scope note on searches performed: I searched for the literal identifier 9514568B2 (USPTO/Google Patents sources, litigation portals, and Federal Circuit 2026 docket coverage). The February 3…
- US 8542880B2Based on my searches, here is a concise summary. A caveat up front: I was able to confirm the USPTO bibliographic data and claim text from Google Patents / the file history, and I found CAFC activity involving this exact patent, but I…
This patent in court (1)
1 tracked lawsuit name US 10866773.