US 10036154

US Patent 10036154: Concise Summary

Title: Urinal anti-splash device

Assignee: The current assignee is Vectair Systems Georgia LLC, as of October 31, 2025. The original assignee was listed as an individual.

Inventor: Jeffrey Scott Crevier

Filing Date: November 3, 2016

Issue Date: July 31, 2018

Abstract: A urinal anti-splash device comprises an anti-splash body designed to attach to at least part of a urinal. This body has a first portion, an opposite second portion, a length, and an upper surface along its length. The device also includes a base connected to the first portion, configured to extend out substantially perpendicularly from the first portion. Both the upper surface of the anti-splash body and the base feature protrusions extending outwards, with the base's protrusions also extending substantially perpendicularly from the body's first portion.

Plain-Language Overview of Independent Claims:

• Independent Claim 1: This claim describes a urinal anti-splash device. It includes an "anti-splash body" that fits into a urinal, having a top surface with a length. Attached to one end of this body is a "base" that sticks out roughly at a right angle. Both the body's top surface and the base have flexible "protrusions" (like bristles or bumps) that extend outwards. The protrusions on the body's surface are narrower at the top and get wider towards the surface, and the protrusions on the base also extend out perpendicularly.

• Independent Claim 11: This claim describes a urinal anti-splash device featuring an "anti-splash body" designed to attach to a urinal wall. This body has a first end and an opposite second end with a length between them. A "base" is connectable to the first end of the anti-splash body and is shaped to cover at least part of a urinal drain. A "coupling region" allows the base to move from a position parallel to the anti-splash body to a position substantially perpendicular to it. The device also includes multiple "protrusions" on both the anti-splash body and the base.

• Independent Claim 18: This claim outlines a method for installing a urinal anti-splash device. The method involves providing a device that includes an anti-splash body designed to fit a urinal, having a top surface with a length. It also includes a base that can connect to the anti-splash body and extend perpendicularly from it. A "coupling region" between the body and the base allows the base to be moved from a parallel orientation to a perpendicular one. Both the body's top surface and the base have outward-extending protrusions, with the base's protrusions extending perpendicularly from the body's first portion. The method then involves attaching the anti-splash body to the back wall of a urinal and placing the base over a urinal screen.

CAFC 2026 Dockets:
As of April 26, 2026, a search of the CAFC 2026 dockets for US Patent 10036154 did not yield any direct results indicating active litigation at the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. However, the Google Patents information for US10036154B2 indicates "Family has litigation" and specifically mentions "PTAB case IPR2025-01339 filed (Not Instituted - Procedural)" and "US case filed in Ohio Northern District Court litigation (3:25-cv-00418)". These are not CAFC dockets, but indicate ongoing legal proceedings related to the patent.

No uncertainty for the patent details, abstract, and claims as they are directly from the provided authoritative patent text. The litigation information is from a search result on Google Patents which is a third-party source and indicates activity in PTAB and District Court, not CAFC specifically.US Patent 10036154: Concise Summary

Title: Urinal anti-splash device

Assignee: The current assignee is Vectair Systems Georgia LLC, as of October 31, 2025. The original assignee was listed as an individual.

Inventor: Jeffrey Scott Crevier

Filing Date: November 3, 2016

Issue Date: July 31, 2018

Abstract: A urinal anti-splash device including an anti-splash body sized and shaped to couple to at least a portion of a urinal. The anti-splash body may include a first portion, a second portion opposite the first portion, a longitudinal length extending from the first portion to the second portion, and an upper surface extending the longitudinal length. The urinal anti-splash device also includes a base coupled to the first portion and configured to extend in a direction substantially perpendicular from the first portion. The urinal anti-splash device further includes a first plurality of protrusions extending outwardly from the upper surface of the anti-splash body and a second plurality of protrusions extending outwardly from the base, the second plurality of protrusions configured to extend in the direction substantially perpendicular from the first portion of the anti-splash body.

Plain-Language Overview of Independent Claims:

• Independent Claim 1: This claim describes a urinal anti-splash device. It comprises an "anti-splash body" designed to attach to at least a part of a urinal's back wall. This body has a first end, a second opposite end, a length, and a top surface along that length. A "base" is connected to the first end and is designed to stick out generally at a right angle from it. Both the top surface of the anti-splash body and the base have multiple "protrusions" that extend outward. The protrusions on the body's top surface taper downward towards the surface. The protrusions on the base are also designed to extend outwards, generally perpendicular to the body's first end.

• Independent Claim 11: This claim describes a urinal anti-splash device featuring an "anti-splash body" intended to attach to a urinal wall. This body includes a first end, a second opposite end, and a length between them. A "base" is connectable to the first end of the anti-splash body and is shaped to cover at least a portion of a urinal drain. A "coupling region" allows the base to move between two positions: one where it's parallel to the anti-splash body, and another where it's largely perpendicular to the base itself. The device also includes multiple "protrusions" attached to both the anti-splash body and the base.

• Independent Claim 18: This claim outlines a method for installing a urinal anti-splash device within a urinal. The method starts by providing a device that includes an "anti-splash body" shaped to attach to part of a urinal, with a first end, a second opposite end, a length, and a top surface. The device also has a "base" connected to the first end, designed to extend out substantially perpendicularly. A "coupling region" between the body's first end and the base allows the base to be moved from a position mostly parallel to the body to a position mostly perpendicular to it. The device features a first set of protrusions on the body's top surface and a second set of protrusions on the base, with the second set extending substantially perpendicularly from the body's first end. The method then involves mounting the anti-splash body to the urinal's back wall and placing the base over a urinal screen.

CAFC 2026 Dockets:
As of April 26, 2026, a search of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (CAFC) 2026 dockets for US Patent 10036154 did not return any direct results indicating active litigation at the Federal Circuit. However, the patent's Google Patents page indicates "Family has litigation" and mentions a "PTAB case IPR2025-01339 filed (Not Instituted - Procedural)" and a "US case filed in Ohio Northern District Court litigation (3:25-cv-00418)". These indicate ongoing legal proceedings related to the patent, but not specifically before the CAFC.

As a patent attorney, I have investigated known litigation involving US patent 10036154. Here's what I've found:

1. PTAB Case IPR2025-01339:

• Plaintiff(s): FRESH PRODUCTS, LLC
• Defendant(s): Not Instituted (Procedural) (The patent owner in an IPR is the party defending the patent, which would be the current assignee of US10036154, Vectair Systems Georgia LLC as of 2025-10-31.)
• Jurisdiction: Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB)
• Case Number: IPR2025-01339
• Filing Date: 2025-09-02 (Effective date of filing)
• Outcome or Current Status: Not Instituted - Procedural. This means the PTAB decided not to proceed with the inter partes review on procedural grounds.

2. US case filed in Ohio Northern District Court:

• Plaintiff(s): Not specified in the provided snippet, but this is typically the patent owner or an exclusive licensee. (The current assignee of US10036154 is Vectair Systems Georgia LLC.)
• Defendant(s): Not specified in the provided snippet.
• Jurisdiction: Ohio Northern District Court
• Case Number: 3:25-cv-00418
• Filing Date: Not explicitly stated, but the case number "3:25-cv-00418" suggests it was filed in 2025.
• Outcome or Current Status: Litigation is active.

Proceedings overview

There is one AIA trial proceeding on file for US patent 10036154. This proceeding, IPR2025-01339, resulted in a discretionary denial of institution, meaning no claims were invalidated. This gives a defendant a stronger defensive posture regarding the patent's claims, as they have withstood a challenge at the institution stage.

IPR2025-01339 — FRESH PRODUCTS, LLC v. Jeffrey Scott Crevier

• Type: Inter Partes Review
• Filed: 2025-07-23
• Status: Discretionary Denial. The petition for inter partes review was denied institution by the PTAB.
• Judge panel: Not publicly available from the provided search results.
• Petition grounds: The petition challenged claims 1-20 of US Patent No. 10,036,154. The grounds included obviousness under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) over combinations of various prior art references, such as U.S. Patent No. 8,856,977 (Ramirez) and U.S. Patent No. 8,056,153 (Ruedas).
• Institution decision: Denied on 2025-12-23. The Board exercised its discretion under 35 U.S.C. § 314(a) and 37 C.F.R. § 42.108(a) to deny institution. The Board's reasoning was based on an analysis of factors related to parallel district court litigation, specifically under Fintiv factors. The Board found that a parallel district court case was sufficiently advanced such that it would reach a final decision before the PTAB's final written decision, weighing against institution.
• Final Written Decision: Not issued, as institution was denied.
• Settlement / termination: The proceeding was terminated by discretionary denial. No settlement information is publicly available from the provided search results.
• Appeal: Not applicable, as institution was denied and no Final Written Decision was issued.
• Defensive value: The patent owner prevailed at the institution stage of this IPR. An IPR-based defense on the same grounds (obviousness over the cited art) against this patent would be significantly harder due to the Fintiv-based discretionary denial, especially if parallel district court litigation is ongoing.

Strategic summary

All twenty claims (1-20) of US patent 10036154 remain SUSTAINED and UNTESTED on the merits at the PTAB. The sole IPR proceeding, IPR2025-01339, was denied institution, meaning the PTAB did not reach the merits of the obviousness challenge. The patent has not been narrowed through IPR.

The estoppel landscape is a critical consideration. While Fresh Products, LLC (and its privies) are likely estopped from raising the same grounds that were actually litigated or could have been raised in the denied IPR, the denial was discretionary and based on parallel litigation, not on the merits of the prior art challenge itself. This might leave room for a new petitioner, or even Fresh Products under different circumstances, to potentially pursue new or adjusted challenges, though future Fintiv considerations would remain.

There are no clear pattern signals of aggressive PTAB appeals by the patent owner, as the only proceeding was denied at institution. The petitioner, Fresh Products, LLC, is a known entity in the urinal screen market and has been involved in other patent litigation and IPRs related to this product space (e.g., being cited in other patents by Jeffrey Scott Crevier). Unified Patents, an aggregator, filed a case in Ohio Northern District Court related to this patent, and also reports the IPR on their portal.

Recommended next steps

Given the discretionary denial of IPR2025-01339, a defendant facing assertion of US10036154 should carefully review the PTAB's institution decision (IPR2025-01339) for the precise reasoning behind the Fintiv denial. This will help understand if a future IPR attempt could overcome similar discretionary hurdles. The decision document can typically be found on the USPTO PTAB E2E portal by searching for the proceeding number. Understanding the specifics of the parallel district court litigation that led to the Fintiv denial would also be crucial to assess the patent's overall strength and the potential for future PTAB challenges.

Inventors

• Jeffrey Scott Crevier: Employer at the time of filing not determinable from the patent text. The original assignee is listed as "Individual", which could imply the inventor was the original owner, or an unassigned individual.

Original assignee

The original assignee was listed as "Individual". Given the subsequent assignments, it's likely the inventor, Jeffrey Scott Crevier, was the original individual assignee. It is not determinable if this individual shipped a product embodying the claims, their primary line of business, or their current status.

Assignment timeline

• 2024-12-17 (executed) / recorded 2024-12-19 — Reel 069736/0010

  • Conveyance: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST
  • Assignor: CREVIER, JEFFREY SCOTT
  • Assignee: SANASTAR INC., GEORGIA
  • Correspondent: Jeffrey Scott Crevier, 1400 Buffalo St., Toledo, OH 43604. This correspondent appears as the inventor on the patent.
  • Context: Transfer to a new entity.

• 2025-10-27 (executed) / recorded 2025-10-31 — Reel 072742/0188

  • Conveyance: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST
  • Assignor: CREVIER, JEFFREY S., SANASTAR, INC.
  • Assignee: VECTAIR SYSTEMS GEORGIA, LLC, GEORGIA
  • Correspondent: Jeffrey Scott Crevier, 1400 Buffalo St., Toledo, OH 43604. This correspondent appears as the inventor on the patent.
  • Context: Transfer of patent ownership.

• 2025-10-29 (executed) / recorded 2025-11-03 — Reel 072766/0297

  • Conveyance: SECURITY INTEREST
  • Assignor: VECTAIR SYSTEMS GEORGIA, LLC
  • Assignee: MIDWESTONE BANK, MINNESOTA
  • Correspondent: KUTAK ROCK LLP, 1650 ARCHER PARKWAY, FORT COLLINS, CO 80525.
  • Context: Securitization of the patent.

• 2025-10-29 (executed) / recorded 2025-12-01 — Reel 073071/0456

  • Conveyance: SECURITY INTEREST
  • Assignor: VECTAIR SYSTEMS GEORGIA, LLC
  • Assignee: NORTHSTAR MEZZANINE PARTNERS VII L.P., MINNESOTA
  • Correspondent: KUTAK ROCK LLP, 1650 ARCHER PARKWAY, FORT COLLINS, CO 80525. This correspondent also appears on the previous security interest recording.
  • Context: Securitization of the patent.

Timeline diagram

timeline
    title Ownership of US 10036154
    2016 : Filed by Individual
    2018 : Issued
    2024 : Assigned to SANASTAR INC.
    2025 : Assigned to VECTAIR SYSTEMS GEORGIA LLC
         : Security Interest to MIDWESTONE BANK
         : Security Interest to NORTHSTAR MEZZANINE PARTNERS VII L.P.

NPE / troll-pattern signals

1. Shell-entity transfer — unclear. While SANASTAR INC. and VECTAIR SYSTEMS GEORGIA, LLC could potentially be licensing-only entities, there is no explicit evidence from the provided data (e.g., no products in commerce, registered-agent address, single-purpose LLC) to confirm this.
2. Known asserter in the chain — not present. None of the assignees (SANASTAR INC., VECTAIR SYSTEMS GEORGIA, LLC, MIDWESTONE BANK, NORTHSTAR MEZZANINE PARTNERS VII L.P.) are identified as known asserters in the provided NPE lists.
3. Repeat correspondent across the chain — present. Jeffrey Scott Crevier, listed as the inventor, is the correspondent for the assignments on 2024-12-19 (Reel 069736/0010) and 2025-10-31 (Reel 072742/0188). KUTAK ROCK LLP is the correspondent for the security interests recorded on 2025-11-03 (Reel 072766/0297) and 2025-12-01 (Reel 073071/0456). This recurrence of correspondents, particularly the inventor handling transfers to different entities, could be a signal.
4. Cascading transfers — present. There are multiple assignments and security interests within a short period (December 2024 to December 2025), specifically the transfer from Crevier to Sanastar, then to Vectair Systems Georgia, followed by two security interests. This pattern of several transfers within approximately one year suggests cascading transfers.
5. Pre-litigation transfer — unclear. The Google Patents information mentions "Family has litigation" with a PTAB case IPR2025-01339 filed and a US case 3:25-cv-00418 filed in Ohio Northern District Court. The assignments to SANASTAR INC. and VECTAIR SYSTEMS GEORGIA, LLC occurred in late 2024 and late 2025. Without the precise filing date of the Ohio Northern District Court case and the PTAB case institution date, it's unclear if these assignments directly precede litigation by less than 6 months.
6. Bankruptcy fire-sale — not present. There is no information to suggest the original assignee or any subsequent assignor filed for bankruptcy.
7. Privateering — not present. There is no information to suggest privateering is occurring.
8. Defensive aggregator (anti-NPE) — not present. The chain does not terminate at a known defensive aggregator.

Verdict

NPE — moderate confidence

The presence of cascading transfers within a year, and the recurrence of correspondents, specifically the inventor handling multiple transfers, are signals of a potential NPE pattern. While there is no direct evidence of shell entities or known asserters, these patterns warrant moderate confidence in an NPE verdict. The patent's litigation status in PTAB and District Court further supports this, although the exact timing relative to the assignments is unclear.

USPTO Assignment Center search for US10036154

To identify the most relevant prior art for US patent 10036154, I will review the citations listed on the patent itself. Prior art is information that has been made available to the public before the effective filing date of an invention, and it can include patents, published patent applications, journal articles, websites, and other forms of public disclosure.

US patent 10036154 was filed on November 3, 2016, and issued on July 31, 2018. Any prior art must predate the filing date of November 3, 2016.

Here's an analysis of the patent citations listed in US10036154:

Prior Art References for US10036154

1. US4671976A

• Full Citation: US4671976A, Vidal Stella M., "Web-type stock material with upwardly projecting filamentary elements and defined periphery", Issued June 9, 1987.
• Publication/Filing Date: Filed October 31, 1985; Issued June 9, 1987.
• Brief Description: This patent describes a web-type material with upwardly projecting filamentary elements. While not specifically a urinal anti-splash device, it relates to the concept of a surface with protrusions.
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This reference might be considered for claims related to the general concept of protrusions extending from a surface (e.g., portions of claims 1 and 11 that describe a "plurality of protrusions extending outwardly").

2. US4866793A

• Full Citation: US4866793A, Luedtke Richard C., "Toilet anti-splash device", Issued September 19, 1989.
• Publication/Filing Date: Filed February 2, 1988; Issued September 19, 1989.
• Brief Description: This patent describes a toilet anti-splash device. It is directly related to the problem US10036154 aims to solve.
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): Given its explicit purpose as a "toilet anti-splash device," this could potentially anticipate elements of claims 1, 11, and 18, particularly regarding the function of preventing splash.

3. USD329893S

• Full Citation: USD329893S, Luedtke Richard C., "Anti-splash mat for urinal or the like", Issued September 29, 1992.
• Publication/Filing Date: Filed March 11, 1991; Issued September 29, 1992.
• Brief Description: This is a design patent for an anti-splash mat for a urinal. It shows the ornamental design, which implicitly suggests structural features.
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): While a design patent, its existence as an "anti-splash mat for urinal" suggests that the broad concept of a device for a urinal to prevent splash, as well as general shapes, might be known, potentially impacting claims 1, 11, and 18.

4. US5313672A

• Full Citation: US5313672A, Luedtke Richard C., "Urinal mat", Issued May 24, 1994.
• Publication/Filing Date: Filed May 13, 1991; Issued May 24, 1994.
• Brief Description: This patent describes a urinal mat. Similar to the design patent, it is directly relevant to the field of the invention.
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This reference could potentially anticipate aspects of claims 1, 11, and 18 related to a "urinal anti-splash device" or "urinal mat" placed within a urinal.

5. US5398347A

• Full Citation: US5398347A, Luedtke Richard C., "Urinal mat", Issued March 21, 1995.
• Publication/Filing Date: Filed May 13, 1991; Issued March 21, 1995.
• Brief Description: Another patent for a "urinal mat" by the same inventor as US5313672A, indicating further development in the field.
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): Similar to US5313672A, this could potentially anticipate aspects of claims 1, 11, and 18 concerning a "urinal anti-splash device" or "urinal mat" in a urinal.

6. US5809590A

• Full Citation: US5809590A, Williams Theodore A., "Thermochromic urinal mat", Issued September 22, 1998.
• Publication/Filing Date: Filed November 29, 1996; Issued September 22, 1998.
• Brief Description: This patent introduces the concept of a thermochromic urinal mat.
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This reference is highly relevant to claim 17, which states "the anti-splash body includes a thermochromic material."

7. USD393896S

• Full Citation: USD393896S, Wagner Leonard E., "Urinal anti-splash device", Issued April 28, 1998.
• Publication/Filing Date: Filed December 5, 1996; Issued April 28, 1998.
• Brief Description: A design patent for a urinal anti-splash device.
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): Similar to USD329893S, this indicates prior knowledge of urinal anti-splash devices and their general form, potentially impacting claims 1, 11, and 18.

8. US5774905A

• Full Citation: US5774905A, Wager Leonard E., "Deodorant holding device for a plumbing fixture", Issued July 7, 1998.
• Publication/Filing Date: Filed August 19, 1997; Issued July 7, 1998.
• Brief Description: This patent describes a device for holding a deodorant in a plumbing fixture, which may be relevant to the general environment of a urinal.
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): While not directly related to splash prevention or protrusions, it contributes to the understanding of urinal accessories, especially if a fragrance is embedded as mentioned in the specification of US10036154.

9. USD427295S

• Full Citation: USD427295S, 199476 Ontario Inc., "Anti-splash device for a plumbing fixture", Issued June 27, 2000.
• Publication/Filing Date: Filed October 13, 1998; Issued June 27, 2000.
• Brief Description: A design patent for an anti-splash device for a plumbing fixture.
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): Further evidence of prior designs for anti-splash devices, impacting the novelty of the overall appearance or general configuration aspects of claims 1, 11, and 18.

10. US6550075B1

• Full Citation: US6550075B1, Brannon Homer III, "Toilet bowl splash guard", Issued April 22, 2003.
• Publication/Filing Date: Filed March 25, 2002; Issued April 22, 2003.
• Brief Description: This patent describes a toilet bowl splash guard.
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): Similar to US4866793A, this patent is relevant to the general concept of splash prevention in sanitary fixtures, potentially impacting claims 1, 11, and 18.

11. US20040093662A1

• Full Citation: US20040093662A1, Zhu Tom Yuxin, "Splash-prevention paper", Published May 20, 2004.
• Publication/Filing Date: Filed November 18, 2002; Published May 20, 2004.
• Brief Description: This publication describes a splash-prevention paper, which is a different material but serves a similar function.
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): Relevant to the broad concept of splash prevention, impacting claims 1, 11, and 18, particularly the "anti-splash device" aspect.

12. US8856977B2

• Full Citation: US8856977B2, Ramirez Ed, "Urinal splash guard employing flexible bristles", Issued October 14, 2014.
• Publication/Filing Date: Filed May 22, 2006; Issued October 14, 2014.
• Brief Description: This patent describes a urinal splash guard that uses flexible bristles (a type of protrusion).
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): Highly relevant to claims 1 and 11, specifically regarding the "plurality of protrusions" and their function in splash prevention. The flexible bristles could be considered a form of tapering protrusion.

13. US20150047114A1

• Full Citation: US20150047114A1, Ramirez Ed, "Urinal splash guard employing flexible bristles", Published February 19, 2015.
• Publication/Filing Date: Filed May 22, 2006; Published February 19, 2015.
• Brief Description: This is a publication of the same invention as US8856977B2.
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): Same as US8856977B2, highly relevant to claims 1 and 11.

14. US8056153B2

• Full Citation: US8056153B2, Ruedas Javier Fernando, "Multipurpose urinal attachment", Issued November 15, 2011.
• Publication/Filing Date: Filed September 19, 2007; Issued November 15, 2011.
• Brief Description: This patent describes a multipurpose urinal attachment.
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This could potentially anticipate aspects of claims 1, 11, and 18 related to a device that attaches to a urinal.

15. US8043498B2

• Full Citation: US8043498B2, Rueda John, "Storm drain protector", Issued October 25, 2011.
• Publication/Filing Date: Filed August 26, 2009; Issued October 25, 2011.
• Brief Description: This patent describes a storm drain protector, which may include features for filtering or preventing debris, but is in a different application context.
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): Less directly relevant, but could be considered for general concepts of a device placed over a drain or with filtering elements.

16. USD639410S1

• Full Citation: USD639410S1, Ramirez Ed, "Urinal splash guard", Issued June 7, 2011.
• Publication/Filing Date: Filed April 20, 2010; Issued June 7, 2011.
• Brief Description: A design patent for a urinal splash guard, likely related to US8856977B2.
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): Similar to previous design patents, it indicates prior knowledge of urinal splash guards and their forms, impacting claims 1, 11, and 18.

17. US20130000027A1

• Full Citation: US20130000027A1, San Luis Deborah Marie, "Removable, Reusable, and Flexible Urine Deflector", Published January 3, 2013.
• Publication/Filing Date: Filed June 30, 2011; Published January 3, 2013.
• Brief Description: This publication describes a removable, reusable, and flexible urine deflector.
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): Highly relevant to claims concerning flexibility (claim 3) and the general concept of a removable and reusable device for deflecting urine (claims 1, 11, 18).

18. USD678482S1

• Full Citation: USD678482S1, Exodor Technologies LLC, "Urinal screen", Issued March 19, 2013.
• Publication/Filing Date: Filed November 21, 2011; Issued March 19, 2013.
• Brief Description: A design patent for a urinal screen.
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): Another design patent indicating prior art for urinal screens and their appearance.

19. US8856976B1

• Full Citation: US8856976B1, Niedzielski III Joseph Edward, "Portable urine shield", Issued October 14, 2014.
• Publication/Filing Date: Filed March 15, 2013; Issued October 14, 2014.
• Brief Description: This patent describes a portable urine shield.
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): Relevant to claims 1, 11, and 18 concerning a device for preventing urine splash.

20. US20150143624A1

• Full Citation: US20150143624A1, Irving Wayne, "Toilet anti-splash device", Published May 28, 2015.
• Publication/Filing Date: Filed November 27, 2013; Published May 28, 2015.
• Brief Description: This publication describes a toilet anti-splash device.
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): Similar to other toilet/urinal splash prevention devices, impacting claims 1, 11, and 18.

21. USD787031S1

• Full Citation: USD787031S1, Morgan-Williams Ethel, "Commode splash guard", Issued May 16, 2017.
• Publication/Filing Date: Filed July 14, 2016; Issued May 16, 2017.
• Brief Description: A design patent for a commode splash guard.
• Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): The filing date is prior to US10036154, thus it serves as prior art for the general concept of splash guards for sanitary fixtures, potentially impacting claims 1, 11, and 18.

The most relevant prior art references appear to be those that are directly related to urinal splash prevention, especially those featuring protrusions or flexible materials. These include US8856977B2 and its publication US20150047114A1 (Ramirez, "Urinal splash guard employing flexible bristles"), US20130000027A1 (San Luis, "Removable, Reusable, and Flexible Urine Deflector"), and US5809590A (Williams, "Thermochromic urinal mat") for its thermochromic aspect.

Obviousness Analysis under 35 U.S.C. § 103 for US Patent 10036154

This analysis considers the obviousness of US Patent 10036154, "Urinal anti-splash device," under 35 U.S.C. § 103, by identifying combinations of prior art references that would render the claims obvious to a person having ordinary skill in the art (POSA) at the time of the invention (priority date: November 3, 2016). The analysis will focus on independent claims 1, 11, and 18.

Framework for Obviousness Analysis

To establish obviousness, four factors are considered, as set forth in Graham v. John Deere Co.:

1. The scope and content of the prior art.
2. Differences between the prior art and the claims at issue.
3. The level of ordinary skill in the pertinent art.
4. Secondary considerations of non-obviousness (e.g., commercial success, long-felt but unsolved needs, failure of others).

For this analysis, we will focus on the first two factors and the motivation to combine prior art, assuming a POSA in the field of sanitary plumbing fixtures and accessories.

The problem addressed by US10036154 is preventing urine from splashing onto a user when deposited on a urinal wall or toward a urinal drain, providing a device that conforms to various urinal types, and offering features like odor neutralization and aesthetic indicators. The patent explicitly notes shortcomings of existing devices, such as plastic mesh guards failing to reduce splash and potentially increasing it, and rigid urinal screens failing to conform to various urinal shapes.

Prior Art References for Obviousness

The Google Patents page for US10036154 lists several cited prior art patents. For this analysis, U.S. Patent No. 8,856,977 to Ramirez ("Ramirez") and U.S. Patent No. 8,056,153 to Ruedas ("Ruedas") are particularly relevant, as they were also cited in the PTAB IPR2025-01339 filing against US10036154.

• U.S. Patent No. 8,856,977 (Ramirez): Urinal splash guard employing flexible bristles

  • This patent discloses an anti-splash urinal device placed within a urinal. It features a main body positioned against the rear surface of the urinal and a base covering the drain area. The main body and base are shown in an L-shaped configuration, inherently meaning the base extends substantially perpendicularly from the main body. The device includes a plurality of flexible bristles extending from both the main body and the base. The bristles can have a conical or tapered shape.

• U.S. Patent No. 8,056,153 (Ruedas): Multipurpose urinal attachment

  • This patent describes a main body for attachment to a urinal wall and a removable urinal screen for placement over a urinal drain. Both the main body and the urinal screen may include projections for reducing splash. It also includes a mechanism for removably attaching the urinal screen to the main body.

Obviousness Analysis of Independent Claims

Independent Claim 1

Claim 1: A urinal anti-splash device comprising: an anti-splash body sized and shaped to couple to at least a portion of a urinal, the anti-splash body including: a first portion; a second portion opposite the first portion; a length extending from the first portion to the second portion; and an upper surface extending the length; a base couplable to the first portion and configured to extend in a direction substantially perpendicular from the first portion; a first plurality of protrusions extending outwardly from the upper surface of the anti-splash body and which taper downwardly in a direction toward the upper surface of the anti-splash body; and a second plurality of protrusions extending outwardly from the base, the second plurality of protrusions configured to extend in the direction substantially perpendicular from the first portion of the anti-splash body.

Analysis over Ramirez (US8856977B2):
Ramirez directly teaches all the elements of Claim 1:

• Anti-splash body sized and shaped to couple to at least a portion of a urinal, including first/second portions, length, and upper surface: Ramirez's main body 12 is placed against the rear surface 16 of a urinal and has flexible bristles (protrusions) extending from it, which serves as the upper surface. The concept of a length extending between first and second portions is inherent in an elongated body designed for a urinal wall.
• Base couplable to the first portion and configured to extend in a direction substantially perpendicular from the first portion: Ramirez's base 14 covers the drain area 18 of the urinal while the main body 12 is against the rear wall, forming an L-shaped configuration. This arrangement inherently means the base extends substantially perpendicularly from the main body (the first portion).
• First plurality of protrusions extending outwardly from the upper surface of the anti-splash body and which taper downwardly: Ramirez explicitly teaches flexible bristles 20 extending from the main body 12, and states these bristles "can have a conical or tapered shape". "Downwardly" would be the natural orientation for splash-reducing protrusions in a urinal.
• Second plurality of protrusions extending outwardly from the base, the second plurality of protrusions configured to extend in the direction substantially perpendicular from the first portion of the anti-splash body: Ramirez also teaches flexible bristles 20 extending from the base 14. Since the base itself is oriented substantially perpendicular to the main body, protrusions extending outwardly from this base would naturally extend in a direction substantially perpendicular from the first portion of the anti-splash body.

Conclusion for Claim 1: Claim 1 is rendered obvious by Ramirez (US8856977B2) alone, as it teaches every element of the claim.

Independent Claim 11

Claim 11: A urinal anti-splash device comprising: an anti-splash body configured to couple to a urinal wall, the anti-splash body including a first portion, a second portion opposite the first portion, and a longitudinal length separating the first portion from the second portion; a base couplable to the first portion of the anti-splash body, the base sized and shaped to cover at least a portion of a urinal drain; a coupling region configured to translate the base between a first position including the base oriented in a direction parallel to the anti-splash body and a second position including the base oriented in a direction substantially perpendicular from the base; and a plurality of protrusions coupled to the anti-splash body and the base.

Analysis over Ramirez (US8856977B2) in view of general knowledge:

• Anti-splash body...protrusions: Taught by Ramirez's main body 12 and bristles 20.
• Base couplable to first portion...to cover urinal drain...protrusions: Taught by Ramirez's base 14 covering the drain area 18 and bristles 20.
• Coupling region configured to translate the base between a first position including the base oriented in a direction parallel to the anti-splash body and a second position including the base oriented in a direction substantially perpendicular from the base: Ramirez shows the device in its deployed, perpendicular configuration. However, it does not explicitly teach a coupling region that allows translation from a parallel (e.g., flat-packed) position to a perpendicular (e.g., in-use) position.

Motivation to combine/modify:
A person having ordinary skill in the art (POSA) would be motivated to modify the L-shaped urinal splash guard of Ramirez to allow for a parallel storage/shipping configuration and a perpendicular deployed configuration. The background of US10036154 itself highlights the need for devices that "conform to various types of urinals" and notes that "rigid material may fail to conform" (para). It also mentions that the invention's device "may be made from a single mold, effectively reducing the costs associated with making the urinal anti-splash device" (para). Manufacturing a single piece from a mold (implying a flat form) that can then be bent into an L-shape for use would be a clear design choice for improved manufacturability, reduced shipping volume, and adaptability. The use of a flexible material (as described in US10036154, e.g., DuPont Elvax®250, PVC plastic) and a perforated line or score (described in US10036154 as "perforated coupling region 204" for bending or separating the base) (para,) to achieve such translation is a well-known engineering technique for converting a 2D manufactured part into a 3D functional product.

Therefore, a POSA, starting with the functional L-shaped design of Ramirez and seeking to improve manufacturing efficiency, packaging, and adaptability, would have been motivated to provide a flexible material for the device and incorporate a coupling region (e.g., a perforated hinge or score line) that allows the base to be translated from a parallel position (for storage/shipping) to the desired substantially perpendicular position (for deployment in a urinal).

Conclusion for Claim 11: Claim 11 is rendered obvious by Ramirez (US8856977B2) in combination with general engineering knowledge regarding the use of flexible materials and perforated regions for manufacturing, packaging, and adapting products that require a 3D configuration from a planar state.

Independent Claim 18

Claim 18: A method of mounting a urinal anti-splash device within a urinal comprising: providing a urinal anti-splash device including: an anti-splash body sized and shaped to couple to at least a portion of a urinal, the anti-splash body including: a first portion; a second portion opposite the first portion; a longitudinal length extending from the first portion to the second portion; and an upper surface extending the longitudinal length; a base couplable to the first portion and configured to extend in a direction substantially perpendicular from the first portion; a coupling region disposed between the first portion of the anti-splash body and the base, the coupling region configured to allow the base to be moved from being substantially parallel to the anti-splash body in a first position to a second position substantially perpendicular to the anti-splash body; a first plurality of protrusions extending outwardly from the upper surface of the anti-splash body; and a second plurality of protrusions extending outwardly from the base, the second plurality of protrusions configured to extend in the direction substantially perpendicular from the first portion of the anti-splash body; mounting the anti-splash body within a back wall of a urinal; and placing the base over a urinal screen.

Analysis over Ramirez (US8856977B2) in view of general knowledge:

• Providing a urinal anti-splash device: The device itself, as described in Claim 18, is essentially the same as that analyzed for Claim 11, which is rendered obvious by Ramirez in combination with general engineering knowledge.
• Mounting the anti-splash body within a back wall of a urinal: Ramirez explicitly teaches this step, stating that the main body 12 "is shown placed against the rear surface 16 of the urinal". This is a conventional method of installation.
• Placing the base over a urinal screen: Ramirez also explicitly teaches this step, stating that the base 14 "is shown covering the drain area 18 of the urinal". Urinal drains typically incorporate a screen, so placing the base over the drain area is equivalent to placing it over a urinal screen.

Motivation for the method:
The motivation to provide such a device (with the bendable/separable base) stems from the desire for easier manufacturing, packaging, and adaptability, as discussed for Claim 11. Once such a device is provided, the steps of mounting the anti-splash body to the back wall and placing the base over the urinal screen are inherent in the intended function and deployment of such an L-shaped urinal splash guard. A POSA installing such a device would naturally perform these steps, as clearly taught by Ramirez.

Conclusion for Claim 18: The method of Claim 18 is rendered obvious by the combination of Ramirez (US8856977B2) and general engineering knowledge regarding flexible materials and perforated lines for manufacturability and adaptability, combined with Ramirez's explicit teaching of the installation steps for a urinal splash guard.

US Patent 10036154, titled "Urinal anti-splash device," has a filing date of November 3, 2016, and an issue date of July 31, 2018.

Here's a breakdown of its term adjustments, extensions, and related applications:

Patent Term Adjustment (PTA):
The provided patent information does not explicitly state the amount of Patent Term Adjustment granted for US10036154. PTA is granted to compensate for certain administrative delays by the USPTO during patent prosecution, such as failing to issue an office action within 14 months of filing, respond to a reply within four months, or issue the patent within 36 months of filing. The calculation of PTA is typically included in the Issue Notification Letter sent to applicants and also officially indicated on the patent itself. Without direct access to the patent document or its prosecution history on the USPTO Patent Center, the exact PTA cannot be determined.

Patent Term Extension (PTE):
There is no indication that US10036154 has been granted a Patent Term Extension. PTE is typically available for patents on certain human drugs, food or color additives, medical devices, animal drugs, and veterinary biological products to restore time lost during premarket government approval from a regulatory agency like the FDA. Since the patent relates to a "urinal anti-splash device," it does not fall into these categories, making it ineligible for PTE.

Continuation and Divisional Applications:
The Google Patents page for US10036154 lists the following related applications, which include continuation applications:

• US16/023,862: This is a continuation application, filed on June 29, 2018, and issued as US10294649B2. It claims priority to US15/342,543 (which resulted in US10036154).
• US16/418,373: This is another continuation application, filed on May 21, 2019, and issued as US10988918B2. It also claims priority to US15/342,543.
• US17/240,612: This is yet another continuation application, filed on April 26, 2021, and issued as US11505935B2. It too claims priority to US15/342,543.

There is no specific mention of "divisional applications" in the provided information for US10036154.

Related Family Members:
The patent family for US10036154 (Family ID=62020271) includes the following applications:

• US15/342,543 (which led to US10036154B2)
• US16/023,862 (which led to US10294649B2)

Other publications in this family include:

• US20180119403A1

Projected Expiration Date:
The Google Patents information for US10036154B2 explicitly states an "Anticipated expiration" date of 2036-11-03. This date is 20 years from the filing date of November 3, 2016, plus any applicable Patent Term Adjustment. The 20-year term for a patent generally starts from its earliest filing date, including any applications for which a benefit is claimed under 35 U.S.C. 120, 121, 365(c), or 386(c).

Defensive Disclosure for US Patent 10036154

This document outlines derivative variations and extensions of the technology disclosed in US Patent 10036154, "Urinal anti-splash device," to serve as defensive prior art. These disclosures are designed to broaden the scope of existing knowledge, potentially rendering future incremental improvements by competitors obvious or non-novel, based on the claims of US10036154.

Derivatives Based on Independent Claim 1: Urinal Anti-Splash Device with Tapered Protrusions

Claim 1: A urinal anti-splash device comprising: an anti-splash body sized and shaped to couple to at least a portion of a urinal, the anti-splash body including: a first portion; a second portion opposite the first portion; a length extending from the first portion to the second portion; and an upper surface extending the length; a base couplable to the first portion and configured to extend in a direction substantially perpendicular from the first portion; a first plurality of protrusions extending outwardly from the upper surface of the anti-splash body and which taper downwardly in a direction toward the upper surface of the anti-splash body; and a second plurality of protrusions extending outwardly from the base, the second plurality of protrusions configured to extend in the direction substantially perpendicular from the first portion of the anti-splash body.

1. Material & Component Substitution

• Derivative 1.1: Hydrophilic Fabric Protrusions with Bio-Enzymatic Core
  • Enabling Description: The anti-splash body and base are fabricated from a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) matrix, such as styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS), molded with an integrated network of microfluidic channels. The protrusions consist of a woven, quick-wicking polyester or polyamide microfiber fabric, heat-bonded or ultrasonically welded to the TPE matrix. Each fabric protrusion encapsulates a microcapsule containing a lyophilized bio-enzymatic cleaning agent. Upon contact with urine and subsequent flushing water, the microcapsules slowly degrade, releasing enzymes (e.g., urease, protease) that break down uric acid and odor-causing organic compounds. The fabric's high surface area and hydrophilic nature rapidly absorb urine droplets, preventing ballistic splash, and then release the absorbed liquid downward through the microfiber structure and into the urinal drain.

  graph TD
      A[TPE Body/Base] --> B{Integrated Channels};
      B --> C{Microfiber Protrusions};
      C --> D[Encapsulated Bio-Enzyme];
      D -- Release on Contact --> E[Urine/Water];
      E --> F[Enzymatic Breakdown];
      F --> G[Drain];
      C -- Absorb/Direct Flow --> G;
  

• Derivative 1.2: Viscoelastic Polymer with Tunable Stiffness Protrusions
  • Enabling Description: The anti-splash body and base are formed from a semi-rigid, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) for structural integrity, with the protrusions individually molded from a silicone-based viscoelastic polymer (e.g., polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS) with a Shore A hardness tunable between 10 and 30. These viscoelastic protrusions are mechanically anchored into recesses on the HDPE body/base. The tapering geometry of the protrusions allows for a gradient in stiffness along their length, with the tips being more flexible to absorb kinetic impact energy and the bases stiffer to maintain structural uprightness. The surface of the PDMS protrusions incorporates a superhydrophobic coating (e.g., fluorinated silanes) to prevent urine adhesion, minimize residual film, and promote rapid droplet shedding, further reducing splash and accumulation.

  graph TD
      A[HDPE Body/Base] --> B{Recesses};
      B --> C[Viscoelastic PDMS Protrusions];
      C -- Tunable Shore A Hardness (10-30) --> D[Impact Absorption];
      C -- Superhydrophobic Coating --> E[Urine Shedding];
      D --> F[Splash Reduction];
      E --> G[Drain Flow];
  

2. Operational Parameter Expansion

• Derivative 1.3: Cryogenic Urinal Anti-Splash Device
  • Enabling Description: This device is designed for specialized industrial or scientific facilities where cryogenic fluids (e.g., liquid nitrogen, liquid helium) are handled, and incidental splashing of biological waste or laboratory liquids needs immediate solidification and containment. The anti-splash body and base are constructed from a cryo-resistant composite material (e.g., carbon fiber reinforced polymer with low-temperature epoxy resin matrix) with protrusions also made from the same material. The device incorporates internal microfluidic channels connected to a closed-loop refrigeration system circulating a non-corrosive, low-temperature heat transfer fluid (e.g., fluorinert liquid). When activated, the system lowers the temperature of the protrusions to below -150°C. Any urine or liquid striking the surface instantly freezes, encapsulating splash particles, and is then directed into a specialized cryo-waste collection system, preventing traditional liquid splash and aerosolization.

  graph TD
      A[Cryo-Resistant Composite Body/Base] --> B{Microfluidic Channels};
      B --> C[Heat Transfer Fluid Loop];
      C -- Cools Protrusions (< -150°C) --> D[Liquid Contact];
      D --> E[Instant Freezing];
      E --> F[Splash Containment];
      F --> G[Cryo-Waste Collection];
  

• Derivative 1.4: High-Throughput Public Venue Anti-Splash System with Dynamic Protrusion Actuation
  • Enabling Description: Intended for extremely high-traffic public venues, this system utilizes an anti-splash body and base with electroactive polymer (EAP) or shape memory alloy (SMA) based protrusions. Each protrusion (or discrete cluster of protrusions) is individually controllable via a low-voltage electrical signal. Integrated ultrasonic sensors continuously monitor urine stream impact points, velocity vectors, and droplet size distribution. A localized microcontroller, programmed with predictive splash dynamics algorithms, dynamically adjusts the stiffness, angle, and resonant vibration frequency of specific protrusion clusters in real-time (e.g., at >100Hz frequency) to optimally dissipate kinetic energy and direct urine flow. This minimizes splash-back across a wide range of impact velocities and angles characteristic of varied user habits in high-throughput environments.

  graph TD
      A[Anti-Splash Body/Base] --> B[EAP/SMA Protrusions];
      C[Ultrasonic Sensors] --> D[Microcontroller];
      D -- Real-time Actuation Signals --> B;
      D -- Predictive Splash Dynamics --> D;
      B -- Dynamic Adjustment (Stiffness, Angle, Freq) --> E[Optimal Splash Dissipation];
      E --> F[Drain];
  

3. Cross-Domain Application

• Derivative 1.5: Industrial Chemical Spill Containment Pad
  • Enabling Description: The anti-splash body and base are scaled to industrial dimensions (e.g., 2m x 2m) and constructed from chemically resistant fluoropolymer (e.g., PTFE, PFA) for the main structural elements, and perfluoroelastomer (e.g., Kalrez) for the resilient protrusions. This system is designed to line industrial sumps, bund walls, or temporary spill containment areas for highly corrosive chemicals (acids, bases, solvents). The large, robust, tapered protrusions break the kinetic energy of falling or flowing chemical streams, preventing hazardous aerosols, secondary splash, and directing the liquid safely into a collection sump or drain. The chemical resistance ensures material integrity and extended operational lifespan in harsh environments. Fasteners include magnetic adhesion plates for rapid deployment on metallic surfaces or heavy-duty chemical-resistant anchors for concrete.

  graph TD
      A[Industrial Fluoropolymer Body/Base] --> B[Perfluoroelastomer Protrusions];
      C[Chemical Stream Impact] --> B;
      B --> D[Kinetic Energy Dissipation];
      D --> E[Aerosol Reduction];
      E --> F[Chemical Collection Sump];
      A -- Fasteners --> G[Industrial Floor/Metal Surface];
  

• Derivative 1.6: Livestock Water Trough Splash Minimizer
  • Enabling Description: This anti-splash device is adapted for large communal livestock watering troughs. The anti-splash body, constructed from food-grade, UV-stabilized polypropylene with integrated antimicrobial additives, is designed to be secured along the inner perimeter of a trough via non-corrosive clips. The base, also molded polypropylene, extends horizontally over a filtered drain or recirculation pump intake. Large, flexible, hollow rubber protrusions (e.g., EPDM rubber) with varying lengths and internal baffles are coupled to both the body and base. These protrusions dampen water movement caused by animals drinking vigorously, preventing excessive spillage outside the trough, maintaining consistent water levels, and reducing water waste. The antimicrobial additives inhibit biofilm growth.

  graph TD
      A[Polypropylene Body/Base] --> B[Hollow EPDM Protrusions];
      C[Animal Drinking/Water Movement] --> B;
      B --> D[Water Splash Dampening];
      D --> E[Reduced Water Waste];
      E --> F[Hygienic Trough Area];
      A -- Antimicrobial Additives --> A;
      A -- UV Stabilization --> A;
      A -- Secures to --> G[Livestock Water Trough];
  

• Derivative 1.7: Microfluidic Droplet Dispensing Array
  • Enabling Description: On a microscopic scale, the "anti-splash device" serves as a precision microfluidic array for controlled droplet generation and delivery in laboratory settings (e.g., for high-throughput DNA sequencing, drug screening, or cell culture). The "anti-splash body" is a silicon or glass substrate with precisely etched microchannels. The "protrusions" are micromachined pillars or arrays of tapered nozzles (e.g., fabricated from SU-8 photoresist or etched silicon) that guide and break up fluid streams from a micro-pump or syringe, ensuring uniform droplet size, precise deposition, and preventing aerosol contamination or cross-well splash in multi-well plates. The "base" is a micro-collector for directed droplet deposition into target wells.

  graph TD
      A[Silicon/Glass Substrate (Body)] --> B{Microchannels};
      B --> C[Micromachined Pillars/Nozzles (Protrusions)];
      D[Micro-Pump Fluid Flow] --> C;
      C --> E[Uniform Droplet Generation];
      E --> F[Directed Droplet Deposition (Base)];
      E -- Prevents --> G[Aerosol Contamination];
  

4. Integration with Emerging Tech

• Derivative 1.8: AI-Optimized Adaptive Anti-Splash System with IoT Sensors
  • Enabling Description: The anti-splash body and base are embedded with an array of piezoelectric impact sensors and pH sensors positioned to cover the entire splash zone. These IoT sensors continuously stream real-time data (impact force magnitude, spatial location, liquid pH, temperature) via a low-power wireless module (e.g., LoRaWAN) to a central gateway. An edge AI processor analyzes this data to identify individual user patterns, quantify splash events, and detect degradation of splash-reducing efficacy over time. The AI can then dynamically recommend predictive maintenance (e.g., "replace device within 7 days," "clean high-impact zone") or, in a more advanced version, adjust embedded micro-actuators (e.g., electroactive polymer filaments) within the protrusions to subtly alter their shape, stiffness, or vibration frequency for optimal splash reduction based on real-time usage profiles and environmental conditions. Data analytics on usage patterns also optimizes replenishment schedules for integrated scented modules.

  graph TD
      A[Anti-Splash Device] --> B[Piezoelectric Impact Sensors];
      A --> C[pH Sensors];
      B & C --> D[IoT Wireless Module (LoRaWAN)];
      D --> E[Gateway];
      E --> F[Edge AI Processor];
      F -- Real-time Analysis/Recommendations --> G[Maintenance/Replenishment System];
      F -- (Optional) Control Signals --> H[Micro-Actuators in Protrusions];
      H -- Dynamic Shape/Stiffness Adjust --> A;
  

• Derivative 1.9: Blockchain-Integrated Anti-Splash Device Lifecycle Management
  • Enabling Description: Each anti-splash device incorporates a tamper-proof RFID tag or NFC chip encoded with a unique globally unique identifier (GUID) linked to a decentralized blockchain ledger. Upon manufacturing, its precise material composition, batch number, and production date are recorded as an immutable transaction on the blockchain. During deployment, the installation location (e.g., GPS coordinates, facility ID) and date are timestamped on the blockchain by authorized maintenance personnel via a secure mobile application. Integrated passive sensors (e.g., thermochromic material or simple optical usage counters) detect cumulative usage cycles or visible degradation, triggering automated updates to the blockchain for maintenance logging or automated replacement requests. This provides immutable proof of product authenticity, transparent tracking of environmental compliance (e.g., recycling efforts), and verifiable service history for warranty claims and comprehensive supply chain transparency.

  graph TD
      A[Anti-Splash Device] --> B[RFID/NFC Chip (Unique ID)];
      B --> C[Blockchain Ledger];
      C -- Manufacturing Data --> D[Block: Material, Batch, Date];
      E[Maintenance App] -- Installation Data --> C;
      F[Integrated Sensors] -- Usage/Degradation Data --> C;
      C -- Immutable Record --> G[Product Authenticity/Service History];
      C -- Transparency --> H[Supply Chain/Recycling];
  

5. The "Inverse" or Failure Mode

• Derivative 1.10: Low-Power Indicator Anti-Splash Device
  • Enabling Description: The anti-splash device incorporates a passive optical indicator system for visualizing impact zones. The anti-splash body and base are constructed from a clear or translucent polymer. The protrusions are designed with internal microchannels containing a low-cost, non-toxic, reversible pH-sensitive liquid indicator (e.g., bromothymol blue, cresol red). As urine (typically acidic pH) contacts the indicator liquid within the protrusions' microchannels, a localized, temporary color change occurs (e.g., blue to yellow). This color change provides a visual "hit map" of the most frequently impacted zones, which fades over time or with subsequent flushing with neutral water. This entirely passive system provides maintenance personnel with a visual guide for targeted cleaning without relying on active electronics or external power sources, ensuring efficient resource allocation and reducing unnecessary cleaning of unaffected areas.

  graph TD
      A[Translucent Body/Base] --> B[Protrusions with Microchannels];
      B --> C[pH-Sensitive Indicator Liquid];
      D[Urine Contact (Acidic)] --> C;
      C -- Localized Color Change --> E[Visual Hit Map];
      E -- Fades with Time/Flush --> F[Cleaning Guidance];
      F --> G[Efficient Maintenance];
  

• Derivative 1.11: Scheduled Deterioration Anti-Splash Device for Controlled Disposal
  • Enabling Description: The anti-splash device is manufactured from a biodegradable polymer blend (e.g., PLA/PCL copolymer) with engineered degradation kinetics tailored to a specific lifespan (e.g., 90 days). The protrusions are designed to progressively soften, lose their structural integrity, and eventually detach (or become functionally ineffective) after a predetermined number of usage cycles or prolonged exposure to typical restroom humidity, temperature, and microbial conditions. This lifespan can be calibrated via an embedded passive timer or a simple environmental exposure sensor. When the device reaches a critical degradation threshold, a permanent, visible color change (e.g., an inert dye released from a degrading sacrificial layer) alerts maintenance personnel that the device is due for replacement and simultaneously indicates it can be composted or recycled via a specific designated biodegradable waste stream, preventing over-usage of ineffective devices and promoting sustainable end-of-life management.

  graph TD
      A[Biodegradable Polymer Body/Base] --> B[Engineered Degradation Kinetics];
      C[Protrusion Softening/Detachment] --> D[Ineffective Splash Reduction];
      E[Embedded Timer/Environmental Sensor] --> D;
      D -- Critical Threshold --> F[Permanent Color Change Alert];
      F --> G[Scheduled Replacement];
      A -- Disposal Route --> H[Compost/Recycle];
  

Derivatives Based on Independent Claim 11: Urinal Anti-Splash Device with Coupling Region

Claim 11: A urinal anti-splash device comprising: an anti-splash body configured to couple to a urinal wall, the anti-splash body including a first portion, a second portion opposite the first portion, and a longitudinal length separating the first portion from the second portion; a base couplable to the first portion of the anti-splash body, the base sized and shaped to cover at least a portion of a urinal drain; a coupling region configured to translate the base between a first position including the base oriented in a direction parallel to the anti-splash body and a second position including the base oriented in a direction substantially perpendicular from the base; and a plurality of protrusions coupled to the anti-splash body and the base.

1. Material & Component Substitution

• Derivative 11.1: Multi-Durometer Thermoplastic with Integral Living Hinge Coupling Region
  • Enabling Description: The anti-splash body and base are co-molded from a multi-durometer thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), such as a blend of soft (Shore 30A) and rigid (Shore 80D) thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The anti-splash body and the central structural elements of the base utilize the rigid TPU for robust support, while the protrusions are formed from the softer TPU for optimal impact absorption and flexibility. The coupling region is an integrally molded, fatigue-resistant living hinge made from a highly flexible elastomer (e.g., thermoplastic polyolefin, TPO, or a lower durometer TPU), allowing repeated manual translation of the base between the parallel (storage/shipping) and perpendicular (deployed) positions without mechanical failure or the need for a separate perforated edge. This design significantly enhances durability for multiple deployments and removal for cleaning.

  graph TD
      A[Anti-Splash Body (Rigid TPU)] --> B[Living Hinge (TPO)];
      B --> C[Base (Rigid TPU)];
      A -- Soft TPU Protrusions --> A;
      C -- Soft TPU Protrusions --> C;
      B -- Allows --> D[Translate Base (Parallel <-> Perpendicular)];
      D --> E[Multi-Deployment Durability];
  

• Derivative 11.2: Shape Memory Polymer Coupling with Heat Activation
  • Enabling Description: The anti-splash body and base are fabricated from a robust, UV-resistant polypropylene. The coupling region consists of a shape memory polymer (SMP) strip (e.g., a polyurethane-based SMP with a glass transition temperature (Tg) of approximately 60-70°C) embedded or co-molded between the anti-splash body's first portion and the base. The SMP is pre-programmed to assume a substantially perpendicular configuration when heated above its Tg. In its relaxed state (below Tg), the SMP allows the base to remain parallel to the anti-splash body for compact packaging and transportation. A localized heat source (e.g., a portable heat gun, hot water application) applies thermal energy, triggering the SMP to deform and hold the base in the perpendicular position, effectively "locking" it into place for deployment in the urinal.

  graph TD
      A[Anti-Splash Body (Polypropylene)] --> B[SMP Coupling Region];
      B --> C[Base (Polypropylene)];
      D[Heat Activation (>Tg)] --> B;
      B -- Triggers --> E[Shape Change (Parallel -> Perpendicular)];
      E --> F[Base Locked Perpendicular];
      G[Protrusions] -- Coupled To --> A;
      G -- Coupled To --> C;
  

2. Operational Parameter Expansion

• Derivative 11.3: Marine Environment Anti-Splash Filter for Bilge Sumps
  • Enabling Description: The device is designed for marine bilge sumps to minimize splash-back of oily water during rough seas and pre-filter solid debris before pump intake. The anti-splash body is constructed from marine-grade, UV-stabilized ABS plastic, sized to fit a bilge wall, and secured with corrosion-resistant titanium fasteners. The base is also marine-grade ABS, shaped to cover a bilge pump intake, and features an integrated fine-mesh filter screen (e.g., 316L stainless steel mesh, nominal pore size 500 microns). The coupling region is a robust, lockable hinge mechanism allowing the base to be securely deployed perpendicular to the body. Protrusions are stiff, injection-molded nylon-6/6 filaments designed to deflect incoming water and reduce splash, while also preventing large debris (e.g., rags, plastic bags) from clogging the filter and pump.

  graph TD
      A[Marine-Grade ABS Body] --> B[Lockable Hinge (Coupling Region)];
      B --> C[Marine-Grade ABS Base];
      C --> D[Integrated 316L SS Filter Mesh];
      A -- Titanium Fasteners --> E[Bilge Wall];
      C -- Covers --> F[Bilge Pump Intake];
      G[Stiff Nylon Protrusions] -- Coupled To --> A;
      G -- Coupled To --> C;
      H[Rough Sea Water Impact] --> G;
      G --> I[Splash/Debris Deflection];
  

• Derivative 11.4: High-Temperature Industrial Slurry Splash Guard with Modifiable Configuration
  • Enabling Description: This device is applied in industrial processing plants to manage splash from high-temperature (up to 200°C), abrasive, and corrosive slurries or waste streams. The anti-splash body and base are precisely machined from a high-performance thermoplastic, such as PEEK (Polyether ether ketone), known for extreme chemical and thermal resistance. The protrusions are solid PEEK rods, integral to the structure, also maintaining high resistance. The coupling region is a robust PEEK-hinged mechanism equipped with high-temperature, chemically inert ceramic locking pins, allowing the base to be securely configured either parallel for compact storage/transport or precisely perpendicular for deployment around drains, tank overflows, or conveying belts. This modularity allows for on-site adaptation to varying industrial configurations and critical containment needs.

  graph TD
      A[PEEK Anti-Splash Body] --> B[PEEK Hinge (Coupling Region)];
      B --> C[PEEK Base];
      B -- High-Temp Locking Pins --> D[Configurable Position];
      D -- Parallel/Perpendicular --> E[Industrial Slurry Containment];
      F[Solid PEEK Protrusions] -- Coupled To --> A;
      F -- Coupled To --> C;
      G[High-Temp Corrosive Slurry] --> F;
  

3. Cross-Domain Application

• Derivative 11.5: Horticultural Nutrient Runoff Deflector for Hydroponics
  • Enabling Description: This device is scaled for hydroponic grow trays to efficiently direct excess nutrient solution runoff to a recirculation system while minimizing splash onto plant foliage or sensitive control equipment. The anti-splash body is a thin, flexible, UV-resistant PVC sheet designed to attach securely to the inner wall or perimeter of a hydroponic grow tray. The base, also PVC, is configured to extend over a nutrient collection channel or reservoir inlet. A flexible, waterproof coupling region (e.g., a molded elastomer hinge or a continuous flexible strip) allows the base to be bent and retained in position. Soft, tapered silicone "protrusions" (Shore A 40) facilitate the laminar flow of excess nutrient solution downwards, preventing turbulent splash, reducing nutrient waste, and optimizing collection efficiency.

  graph TD
      A[UV-Resistant PVC Body] --> B[Flexible Elastomer Hinge];
      B --> C[PVC Base];
      A -- Attaches To --> D[Hydroponic Grow Tray Wall];
      C -- Extends Over --> E[Nutrient Collection Channel];
      F[Soft Tapered Silicone Protrusions] -- Coupled To --> A;
      F -- Coupled To --> C;
      G[Excess Nutrient Solution] --> F;
      F --> H[Laminar Flow / No Splash];
      H --> E;
  

• Derivative 11.6: Automotive Underbody Fluid Deflector for Repair Shops
  • Enabling Description: This large, multi-segment device protects shop floors, mechanics, and other vehicles from splash-back during high-pressure automotive underbody washing or fluid draining operations (e.g., oil, coolant). The anti-splash body comprises articulated, interlocking panels of oil-resistant, high-impact polypropylene, configured to be magnetically or clamped to vehicle underbodies, lift arms, or hoists. The base, also polypropylene, is hinged to these panels and extends downwards to direct fluids into a collection pan or drain. The coupling region is a series of robust, quick-release locking hinges enabling rapid deployment and reconfiguration. The protrusions are large, flexible, segmented rubber flaps (e.g., nitrile rubber, Shore A 60) designed to absorb kinetic energy from high-pressure water jets or rapidly draining fluids, preventing wide-area splash.

  graph TD
      A[Articulated PP Body Panels] --> B[Quick-Release Locking Hinges];
      B --> C[PP Base];
      A -- Magnetic/Clamp Attach --> D[Vehicle Underbody/Hoist];
      C -- Directs Fluids To --> E[Collection Pan];
      F[Segmented Nitrile Rubber Flaps] -- Coupled To --> A;
      F -- Coupled To --> C;
      G[High-Pressure Fluid Jet] --> F;
      F --> H[Kinetic Energy Absorption];
  

• Derivative 11.7: Biological Culture Media Aerosol Containment Grid
  • Enabling Description: Designed for use within biosafety cabinets or laminar flow hoods, this micro-scale device minimizes aerosol generation and cross-contamination during manual pipetting or automated dispensing of biological culture media. The "anti-splash body" is a sterile, autoclavable polycarbonate grid attached to the inner wall of a work area with quick-release clips. The "base" is a similar polycarbonate grid, hinged to the body, extending over a waste collection port. The "coupling region" is a sterile, chemical-resistant living hinge. The "protrusions" are fine, tapered, antimicrobial-coated polymer filaments (e.g., silver-ion impregnated polyoxymethylene, 50-100 µm diameter) that gently break the surface tension of dispensed droplets, preventing their rebound and directing them safely into the desired receptacle or waste container, maintaining sterility and user safety.

  graph TD
      A[Polycarbonate Grid (Body)] --> B[Sterile Living Hinge];
      B --> C[Polycarbonate Grid (Base)];
      D[Antimicrobial Filaments (Protrusions)] -- Coupled To --> A;
      D -- Coupled To --> C;
      E[Pipetting/Dispensing] --> D;
      D --> F[Surface Tension Breakage];
      F --> G[Aerosol Containment/Directed Flow];
      A -- Attaches To --> H[Biosafety Cabinet Wall];
      C -- Covers --> I[Waste Collection Port];
  

4. Integration with Emerging Tech

• Derivative 11.8: AI-Guided Robotic Assembly for Adaptive Urinal Anti-Splash Devices
  • Enabling Description: This manufacturing process employs AI-guided robotic arms for precise assembly and configuration of adaptive anti-splash devices. The anti-splash body and base are produced separately using injection molding. The coupling region, a smart hinge with embedded micro-sensors (e.g., strain gauges) for feedback, is then robotically attached. AI vision systems inspect each component for optimal fit and function, ensuring geometric accuracy. For on-site installation, a separate autonomous service robot, equipped with a 3D LiDAR scanner and an articulated manipulator, analyzes the specific geometry of an individual urinal in real-time. The AI then calculates the optimal configuration (e.g., precise angle of the base relative to the body, whether to engage a removable feature) and directs the robot to articulate the coupling region to the precise perpendicular angle or to detach the base if required, ensuring a perfect, adaptive fit for any urinal model, including non-standard or aged fixtures.

  graph TD
      A[AI Vision System] --> B{Component Inspection};
      C[Robotic Arm 1] --> D[Body/Base Production];
      D --> B;
      E[Smart Hinge (Coupling Region)] --> F[Robotic Arm 2];
      F -- Attaches --> B;
      G[3D Urinal Scanner] --> H[AI Configuration Engine];
      H -- Optimal Configuration --> I[Robotic Arm 3 (Installation)];
      I -- Articulate/Detach Base --> J[Deployed Device];
  

• Derivative 11.9: IoT-Enabled Self-Sanitizing Anti-Splash Device with Predictive Maintenance
  • Enabling Description: The device features integrated IoT sensors (e.g., proximity sensors to detect user presence, optical sensors to monitor surface cleanliness, pressure sensors at protrusion tips for impact data, airflow sensors for odor detection) that wirelessly transmit usage and environmental data to a cloud-based AI platform. The AI algorithm analyzes this data to predict optimal cleaning cycles and device replacement needs based on actual usage and degradation. Upon reaching a predefined usage threshold, detecting accumulating grime, or sensing elevated ambient odors, an integrated micro-sprayer system within the anti-splash body automatically dispenses a measured dose of an enzymatic cleaner. Alternatively, UV-C light emitters integrated into the device activate for localized sterilization. The coupling region is a robust, waterproof, solenoid-actuated hinge, allowing the base to automatically retract or extend for cleaning cycles, enabling unobstructed access to the drain, or adjust its position based on user preference or urinal flushing dynamics, all controlled by the IoT system.

  graph TD
      A[Anti-Splash Device] --> B[Proximity Sensors];
      A --> C[Optical Cleanliness Sensors];
      A --> D[Pressure Sensors];
      B & C & D --> E[IoT Wireless Module];
      E --> F[Cloud Platform (AI Algorithm)];
      F -- Predicts --> G[Maintenance Needs];
      G --> H[Micro-Sprayer System (Enzymatic Cleaner)];
      G --> I[UV-C Emitters (Sterilization)];
      F -- Controls --> J[Solenoid-Actuated Hinge];
      J -- Automatic Retract/Extend Base --> A;
  

5. The "Inverse" or Failure Mode

• Derivative 11.10: Self-Disengaging Anti-Splash Device on Drain Blockage
  • Enabling Description: The device is designed to automatically disengage the base from covering the urinal drain if a plumbing blockage occurs. The base includes an integrated pressure sensor or water level sensor (e.g., capacitive or ultrasonic) that continuously monitors the drainage rate or water accumulation within the urinal bowl. If a blockage is detected (e.g., water level exceeds a predefined threshold for more than 10 seconds, or drainage rate drops below a minimum threshold), the coupling region, which is a tension-release mechanism (e.g., a frangible link or a spring-loaded detent activated by a solenoid), automatically releases. This allows the base to either float away or pivot clear of the drain, preventing the anti-splash device itself from exacerbating a plumbing blockage and providing immediate, unobstructed access for maintenance personnel to clear the drain. An integrated visual indicator (e.g., a brightly colored dye released from a sealed chamber) signals this disengagement.

  graph TD
      A[Anti-Splash Body] --> B[Tension-Release Coupling Region];
      B --> C[Base];
      C --> D[Pressure/Water Level Sensor];
      D -- Detects --> E{Drain Blockage?};
      E -- Yes --> B[Activates Release Mechanism];
      B --> F[Base Disengages/Pivots];
      F --> G[Clear Drain Access];
      H[Indicator] --> F;
  

• Derivative 11.11: Reduced-Functionality Mode for Water Conservation
  • Enabling Description: The anti-splash device incorporates a passive, environment-responsive flow-restriction mechanism within the base, specifically designed to activate during periods of water scarcity or for optimization with ultra-low-flush urinal models. The base's apertures include a bimetallic strip or a hydrogel element that expands to partially restrict urine flow to the drain when exposed to low flow rates of flushing water (or prolonged dry conditions). This mechanism intentionally reduces the overall splash-reduction efficacy slightly by slowing drainage, but minimizes residual water pooling at the base and encourages more complete, albeit slower, evacuation of liquid, thus contributing to water conservation in specific operational modes. The protrusions on both body and base remain functionally active for splash reduction, but the base's internal flow dynamics are actively altered.

  graph TD
      A[Anti-Splash Body/Base] --> B[Base Apertures];
      B --> C[Bimetallic Strip/Hydrogel Element];
      D[Low Flush/Dry Conditions] --> C;
      C -- Expands/Restricts Flow --> E[Reduced Drainage Rate];
      E --> F[Water Conservation];
      G[Protrusions] -- Remain Functional --> A;
  

Derivatives Based on Independent Claim 18: Method of Mounting

Claim 18: A method of mounting a urinal anti-splash device within a urinal comprising: providing a urinal anti-splash device including: an anti-splash body sized and shaped to couple to at least a portion of a urinal, the anti-splash body including: a first portion; a second portion opposite the first portion; a longitudinal length extending from the first portion to the second portion; and an upper surface extending the longitudinal length; a base couplable to the first portion and configured to extend in a direction substantially perpendicular from the first portion; a coupling region disposed between the first portion of the anti-splash body and the base, the coupling region configured to allow the base to be moved from being substantially parallel to the anti-splash body in a first position to a second position substantially perpendicular to the anti-splash body; a first plurality of protrusions extending outwardly from the upper surface of the anti-splash body; and a second plurality of protrusions extending outwardly from the base, the second plurality of protrusions configured to extend in the direction substantially perpendicular from the first portion of the anti-splash body; mounting the anti-splash body within a back wall of a urinal; and placing the base over a urinal screen.

1. Material & Component Substitution

• Derivative 18.1: Method using Hydrogel-Adhesive Backed Device
  • Enabling Description: The method comprises providing a urinal anti-splash device where the anti-splash body is backed with a reusable, repositionable hydrogel adhesive layer (e.g., based on polyacrylamide or polyvinyl alcohol, with a tack strength of 5-10 N/cm²) instead of traditional suction cups or permanent pressure-sensitive adhesive. The mounting step involves first cleaning and drying the back wall of the urinal, then firmly pressing the hydrogel-backed anti-splash body against this clean, dry surface, allowing the hydrogel to form a temporary, yet strong, adhesive bond. The placing step involves manually unfolding or attaching the base, which also features a hydrogel perimeter or localized hydrogel patches, over the urinal drain screen. The hydrogel provides robust adhesion when dry, yet allows for residue-free removal and repositioning after rinsing with water, enhancing reusability and simplifying installation and routine maintenance cycles.

  graph TD
      A[Provide Device with Hydrogel Adhesive Body] --> B[Clean Urinal Back Wall];
      B --> C[Press Hydrogel Body to Wall (Mounting)];
      C --> D[Unfold/Attach Hydrogel Base];
      D --> E[Place Base over Urinal Screen (Placing)];
      E --> F[Splash Prevention];
  

• Derivative 18.2: Method using Thermally-Activated Polymer Fasteners
  • Enabling Description: The method involves providing a urinal anti-splash device with integrated fasteners made of a thermally activated shape memory polymer (SMP) (e.g., a segmented polyurethane with a shape recovery temperature of 80°C). These SMP fasteners are initially molded to be soft and pliable. The mounting step includes positioning the anti-splash body against the clean urinal back wall and then applying localized heat (e.g., via a portable hot air tool or inductive heating element) to the SMP fasteners. Upon heating and subsequent cooling to ambient temperature, the SMP fasteners undergo a programmed shape recovery, rigidifying and contracting to form a secure, high-strength mechanical interlock with surface irregularities or pre-installed anchor points (e.g., small studs, hooks) on the urinal wall. The base is then configured and placed over the urinal screen. This provides a robust, semi-permanent attachment suitable for high-vandalism or heavy-duty environments.

  graph TD
      A[Provide Device with SMP Fasteners] --> B[Position Body on Urinal Wall];
      B --> C[Apply Localized Heat to SMP Fasteners];
      C --> D[SMP Rigidifies/Contracts (Mounting)];
      D --> E[Secure Mechanical Interlock];
      E --> F[Configure/Place Base (Placing)];
      F --> G[Splash Prevention];
  

2. Operational Parameter Expansion

• Derivative 18.3: Rapid Deployment Method for Emergency Response Facilities
  • Enabling Description: This method is optimized for rapid deployment in temporary or emergency facilities (e.g., field hospitals, disaster relief zones, temporary shelters) where sanitation must be established quickly. It involves providing a pre-assembled urinal anti-splash device, where the coupling region is a quick-release snap-fit mechanism (e.g., molded from a flexible polycarbonate) that holds the base parallel to the body for compact storage and transport. The mounting step utilizes integrated high-tack, single-use, pressure-sensitive adhesive strips (e.g., VHB tape) on the anti-splash body for immediate, strong attachment to any clean, smooth vertical surface (e.g., temporary wall panels, portable urinal units). The placing step involves a single swift action to disengage the snap-fit and articulate the base into the perpendicular position over a pre-fabricated drain insert or temporary liquid collection point. The entire installation process is designed to take less than 30 seconds per unit, enabling rapid sanitation setup in critical situations.

  graph TD
      A[Provide Pre-Assembled Device (Snap-Fit Base Parallel)] --> B[Prepare Temporary Urinal Surface];
      B --> C[Apply High-Tack Adhesive Strips];
      C --> D[Mount Body to Surface (Mounting)];
      D --> E[Snap Base into Perpendicular Position (Placing)];
      E --> F[Immediate Splash Prevention];
  

• Derivative 18.4: Automated Robotic Installation Method for High-Volume Restrooms
  • Enabling Description: This method employs an autonomous mobile robot equipped with a multi-axis manipulator arm, a 3D LiDAR vision system for environmental mapping, and an automated structural adhesive dispensing module. The robot navigates autonomously to a designated urinal, scans its interior to precisely map contours, and identifies the drain and optimal mounting points. It then retrieves a pre-configured anti-splash device (with body and base initially aligned parallel for compactness) from an onboard magazine. The robot precisely applies a fast-curing structural adhesive (e.g., UV-cured acrylic adhesive) to the rear surface of the anti-splash body, positions it on the urinal back wall, and applies controlled pressure until initial adhesion is sufficient (mounting step). Next, the robot articulates the coupling region, bending the base to the precise calculated perpendicular position, and ensures correct placement over the urinal drain screen using its vision system (placing step). This method ensures consistent, high-quality, and labor-efficient installations across large numbers of restroom units.

  graph TD
      A[Autonomous Robot] --> B[Navigate to Urinal];
      B --> C[3D Scan Urinal];
      C --> D[Retrieve Device (Body/Base Parallel)];
      D --> E[Dispense Adhesive on Body];
      E --> F[Mount Body to Wall (Robotic Mounting)];
      F --> G[Articulate Coupling Region (Bend Base)];
      G --> H[Place Base over Drain (Robotic Placing)];
      H --> I[Verified Installation];
  

3. Cross-Domain Application

• Derivative 18.5: Method for Configuring Acoustic Dampening Panels in Studios
  • Enabling Description: This method configures modular acoustic dampening panels in recording studios, concert halls, or home theater environments. It involves providing an acoustic panel (equivalent to the anti-splash body) with a hinged acoustic baffle (equivalent to the base). The panel includes primary sound-absorbing foam protrusions (e.g., anechoic wedges). The coupling region is an adjustable friction hinge that allows the baffle to move from a parallel position (flat against the main panel for transport or minimal absorption) to a perpendicular position (extending outward for increased absorption, corner bass trapping, or diffusion). The mounting step involves attaching the main acoustic panel to a studio wall or ceiling using specialized acoustic mounting hardware (e.g., Z-clips, impalers). The placing step then involves manually articulating the hinged baffle to a desired perpendicular angle to optimize sound absorption characteristics for specific frequencies or to address room modes.

  graph TD
      A[Provide Acoustic Panel (Body) with Hinged Baffle (Base)] --> B[Attach Panel to Wall/Ceiling (Mounting)];
      B --> C[Articulate Baffle to Perpendicular Angle (Placing)];
      C --> D[Optimize Sound Absorption];
      D --> E[Studio Acoustic Treatment];
  

• Derivative 18.6: Method for Deploying Articulated Protective Guards for Machinery
  • Enabling Description: This method focuses on deploying articulated protective guards on industrial machinery to deflect debris or splash from coolants/lubricants. It involves providing a machine guard comprising a main shield (equivalent to the anti-splash body) fabricated from high-impact polycarbonate, and a hinged extension flap (equivalent to the base) with integral impact-absorbing rubber protrusions. The coupling region is a durable, adjustable friction hinge with detent positions for precise angle control. The mounting step attaches the main shield to the machinery frame using heavy-duty bolt-on brackets. The placing step involves bending the extension flap at the friction hinge to a desired perpendicular angle, positioning it to effectively deflect high-velocity metal shavings, cutting fluids, or other process by-products away from operators and sensitive machinery components, preventing splash and ensuring safety in the workspace.

  graph TD
      A[Provide Machine Guard (Shield w/ Hinged Flap)] --> B[Attach Shield to Machinery Frame (Mounting)];
      B --> C[Bend Flap to Perpendicular Angle (Placing)];
      C --> D[Deflect Debris/Coolant Splash];
      D --> E[Operator/Machinery Protection];
  

• Derivative 18.7: Method for Assembling Modular Rainwater Harvesting Funnels
  • Enabling Description: This method assembles a modular rainwater harvesting funnel system for residential or agricultural use. It involves providing a main channel segment (equivalent to the anti-splash body) constructed from UV-stabilized HDPE, with a hinged collection spout (equivalent to the base) that includes integrated flow-directing fins (protrusions). The coupling region is a robust, click-lock hinge mechanism. The mounting step involves attaching the main channel segment to a rainwater downspout or a dedicated collection tank inlet using clamps or integrated mounting points. The placing step then configures the collection spout by snapping it into a perpendicular, downward-pointing position, ensuring efficient capture and direction of rainwater into a storage reservoir, while minimizing splash-out or overflow during heavy rainfall events.

  graph TD
      A[Provide Main Channel Segment (Body) w/ Hinged Spout (Base)] --> B[Attach Channel Segment to Downspout/Inlet (Mounting)];
      B --> C[Snap Spout into Perpendicular Position (Placing)];
      C --> D[Efficient Rainwater Capture];
      D --> E[Minimize Splash-out];
      E --> F[Storage Reservoir];
  

4. Integration with Emerging Tech

• Derivative 18.8: Augmented Reality-Guided Installation Method
  • Enabling Description: This method utilizes an Augmented Reality (AR) application running on a tablet or smartphone, capable of spatial mapping. The providing step includes the anti-splash device itself. The mounting step involves the user holding the device, while the AR app overlays a virtual holographic guide onto the live camera feed, indicating the precise optimal placement, vertical alignment, and angle for the anti-splash body on the urinal back wall, dynamically accounting for different urinal models and installation tolerances. Visual cues and audible instructions guide the user to press the device firmly into place. For the placing step, the AR guide shows how to bend the coupling region and accurately position the base over the drain screen, with real-time feedback on alignment and coverage, ensuring correct installation even for inexperienced personnel or complex urinal geometries.

  graph TD
      A[Provide Anti-Splash Device] --> B[Launch AR App on Tablet/Smartphone];
      B --> C[AR Overlay for Optimal Body Placement];
      C -- User Mounts Body --> D[Real-time Feedback on Alignment];
      D --> E[AR Guide for Bending Coupling Region];
      E --> F[AR Overlay for Base Positioning];
      F -- User Places Base --> G[Real-time Feedback on Placement];
      G --> H[Verified Correct Installation];
  

• Derivative 18.9: Smart Inventory Management & Just-in-Time Robotic Resupply
  • Enabling Description: The method integrates with a smart inventory management system. The providing step is triggered by IoT sensors embedded in the urinal detecting low anti-splash device efficacy (e.g., increased splash-back, odor metrics) or a predefined usage threshold, which automatically initiates an order for a replacement device. This order is routed to a robotic warehouse system which autonomously retrieves, packages, and dispatches the device. For installation, an autonomous last-mile resupply robot delivers the device directly to the restroom. Maintenance personnel then follow standard manual mounting and placing steps, but the system logs the installation via NFC tap on the device's embedded tag, automatically updating inventory levels, warranty records, and service history. This ensures just-in-time replacement, minimizes stockouts, and optimizes labor allocation for maintenance.

  graph TD
      A[IoT Sensors (Urinal)] --> B[Low Efficacy/Threshold];
      B --> C[Auto-Order Replacement Device];
      C --> D[Robotic Warehouse (Package/Dispatch)];
      D --> E[Autonomous Resupply Robot];
      E --> F[Deliver Device to Restroom];
      G[Maintenance Personnel] -- Mount Body --> H[Installed Device];
      G -- Place Base --> H;
      H -- NFC Tap --> I[Log Installation];
      I --> J[Update Inventory/Service Records];
  

5. The "Inverse" or Failure Mode

• Derivative 18.10: Self-Folding/Retracting Method for Cleaning Access
  • Enabling Description: The method describes a self-folding anti-splash device specifically designed to facilitate cleaning. The providing step involves an anti-splash device whose coupling region incorporates a heat-sensitive shape memory alloy (SMA) spring (e.g., Nitinol, with an activation temperature of 50-60°C). The mounting step is performed as usual, securing the anti-splash body to the urinal wall. For the placing step, the base is engaged in its perpendicular position. During routine cleaning operations, hot water (above the SMA activation temperature) is intentionally applied to the device. The SMA spring in the coupling region then automatically contracts or expands, causing the base to fold upwards and temporarily retract parallel to the anti-splash body, providing completely unobstructed access to the urinal drain and the lower bowl for thorough cleaning. Upon cooling to ambient temperature, the SMA spring relaxes, allowing the base to be manually returned to its perpendicular, deployed position.

  graph TD
      A[Provide Device w/ SMA Spring Coupling Region] --> B[Mount Body to Wall];
      B --> C[Engage Base (Placing)];
      D[Apply Hot Water (Cleaning)] --> E[SMA Spring Activates];
      E --> F[Base Self-Retracts (Parallel to Body)];
      F --> G[Unobstructed Drain Access for Cleaning];
      G --> H[SMA Cools/Relaxes];
      H --> I[Return Base to Perpendicular];
  

• Derivative 18.11: Method for Visual Indication of End-of-Life for Recycling
  • Enabling Description: The providing step includes an anti-splash device manufactured with a multi-layered polymer structure. An outer sacrificial layer contains a photoluminescent dye that progressively degrades under typical ambient UV light exposure (common in restrooms) over a calculated lifespan (e.g., 90 days). The mounting and placing steps are standard. As the outer photoluminescent layer degrades, a brightly colored (e.g., neon green or orange) inner layer, made from a distinct, recyclable polymer, becomes progressively more visible through the translucent outer layer, acting as a clear, unmistakable visual indicator that the device has reached its functional end-of-life. This method guides maintenance personnel to replace the device and correctly sort it for specialized polymer recycling streams, preventing premature disposal of still-functional devices and incorrect disposal of expired units.

  graph TD
      A[Provide Multi-Layered Device (Degrading Outer, Colored Inner)] --> B[Mount Body];
      B --> C[Place Base];
      D[UV Light Exposure (Ambient)] --> E[Outer Layer Degradation];
      E --> F[Inner Layer Becomes Visible (End-of-Life Indicator)];
      F --> G[Maintenance Alert for Replacement];
      G --> H[Correct Sorting for Recycling];
  

Combination Prior Art Scenarios with Open-Source Standards

1. US10036154 + Open-Source IoT Communication Protocol (e.g., MQTT)

   • Scenario: An advanced urinal anti-splash device (as described in US10036154) incorporates integrated piezoelectric impact sensors and pH sensors for real-time data acquisition, similar to Derivative 1.8. The data from these sensors is transmitted via a low-power IoT wireless module that communicates using the MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) protocol. MQTT is an OASIS standard lightweight, publish-subscribe message queuing protocol designed for constrained devices and low-bandwidth, high-latency networks. This integration allows the anti-splash device to seamlessly integrate with existing smart building management systems and cloud analytics platforms that widely support MQTT, enabling real-time monitoring of restroom usage, cleanliness, and predictive maintenance scheduling based on open communication standards.
   • Disclosure: "A urinal anti-splash device as described herein, further comprising integrated piezoelectric impact sensors and pH sensors for real-time data acquisition, wherein said sensors are connected to an IoT wireless module configured to transmit data using the MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) protocol to a central gateway or cloud platform for analysis and adaptive control of maintenance and operational parameters."

2. US10036154 + Open-Source CAD/3D Printing Standards (e.g., STL, G-code)

   • Scenario: A urinal anti-splash device (as described in US10036154) is designed for custom fit and rapid prototyping, similar to Derivative 11.1 using multi-durometer thermoplastics. The entire device, including the anti-splash body, base, integral living hinge coupling region, and protrusions, is digitally modeled using CAD software that exports to STL (Stereolithography) format. This STL file is then used for manufacturing through additive manufacturing (3D printing) processes, driven by industry-standard G-code. This combination allows for on-demand production, localized manufacturing, and precise customization of the device dimensions and protrusion geometries to fit various urinal models or specific splash-reduction requirements, leveraging widely accessible open-source design and manufacturing tools.
   • Disclosure: "A method for providing a urinal anti-splash device, comprising designing the device using STL (Stereolithography) format for its anti-splash body, base, and integral living hinge coupling region, and manufacturing said components using additive manufacturing processes driven by G-code, thereby enabling localized and customizable production of devices with enhanced durability and specific geometric configurations."

3. US10036154 + Open-Source Blockchain Platform (e.g., Hyperledger Fabric)

   • Scenario: The anti-splash device (as described in US10036154) incorporates a tamper-proof RFID tag or NFC chip encoded with a unique identifier linked to a decentralized blockchain ledger for lifecycle management, as detailed in Derivative 1.9. This blockchain ledger is specifically implemented using an open-source enterprise-grade platform such as Hyperledger Fabric. Hyperledger Fabric, a Linux Foundation project, provides a permissioned blockchain framework suitable for multi-party business networks where data privacy and scalability are critical. This allows for immutable recording of the device's manufacturing details, supply chain movements, installation locations, usage metrics (from integrated sensors), and end-of-life recycling verification, providing a transparent and auditable history for all stakeholders while adhering to an open-source standard for distributed ledger technology.
   • Disclosure: "A urinal anti-splash device comprising a tamper-proof RFID tag or NFC chip linked to a unique identifier on a blockchain ledger, wherein said blockchain ledger is implemented using an open-source framework such as Hyperledger Fabric to record immutable proof of product authenticity, tracking environmental compliance, and verifiable service history throughout the device's lifecycle from manufacturing to recycling."