Prior art — US Patent 12218934

The following prior art references are identified from US Patent 12218934's "CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS" section and the "Priority claimed from" information on Google Patents. These are directly related patents and applications cited by the applicant, making them highly relevant for anticipation analysis under 35 U.S.C. § 102. The independent claims of US12218934 relate to a system (Claim 1) and method (Claim 7) for contextual and risk-based multi-factor authentication, involving a multi-dimensional time series data server, a directed computation graph module for baseline determination and verification score calculation, and a user employing multiple verification methods to achieve the score.

Most Relevant Prior Art for US12218934

1. U.S. Pat. No. 11,757,872

Full Citation: U.S. Pat. No. 11,757,872 (issued Sep. 12, 2023) to Crabtree et al., titled "CONTEXTUAL AND RISK-BASED MULTI-FACTOR AUTHENTICATION".
Publication/Filing Date: Issued Sep. 12, 2023. This patent is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/539,137, filed on Nov. 30, 2021.
Brief Description: This patent describes a system and method for contextual and risk-based multi-factor authentication. A server dynamically determines a necessary verification score for user access to resources, based on context and risks (e.g., connection origin, unusualness of request). Users collect verification points through a plurality of verification methods. The system includes a multi-dimensional time series data server to monitor and record network traffic and a directed computation graph module to determine a network traffic baseline and the required verification score based on the baseline.
Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent has the exact same title and abstract description as US12218934, and is explicitly stated as a continuation of an earlier application in the same family. It fully anticipates Claim 1 (System) and Claim 7 (Method) of US12218934, as it describes all elements of the system and steps of the method. This suggests US12218934 is claiming the same invention, likely with minor claim language adjustments or as part of a continuing prosecution strategy.

2. U.S. Pat. No. 11,218,474

Full Citation: U.S. Pat. No. 11,218,474 (issued Jan. 4, 2022) to Crabtree et al., titled "CONTEXTUAL AND RISK-BASED MULTI-FACTOR AUTHENTICATION".
Publication/Filing Date: Issued Jan. 4, 2022. This patent is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/856,827, filed on Apr. 23, 2020.
Brief Description: Similar to US11757872B2, this patent describes a system and method for contextual and risk-based multi-factor authentication. It involves a server dynamically determining a verification score based on connection context and risks, and a user building up this score using multiple verification methods. The system incorporates a multi-dimensional time series data server for network traffic monitoring and a directed computation graph module for baseline determination and score calculation.
Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): As another direct continuation with the identical title and abstract content, this patent also fully anticipates Claim 1 (System) and Claim 7 (Method) of US12218934.

3. U.S. Pat. No. 10,742,647

Full Citation: U.S. Pat. No. 10,742,647 (issued Aug. 11, 2020) to Crabtree et al., titled "CONTEXTUAL AND RISK-BASED MULTI-FACTOR AUTHENTICATION".
Publication/Filing Date: Issued Aug. 11, 2020. This patent is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/790,860, filed on Oct. 23, 2017. It also claims priority to U.S. provisional patent application 62/574,708, filed on Oct. 19, 2017.
Brief Description: This patent details a system and method for contextual and risk-based multi-factor authentication, including a multi-dimensional time series data server for monitoring network traffic and a directed computation graph module for establishing a network traffic baseline and determining a required verification score. The user must achieve this score through various verification methods. The score depends on factors like connection origin and anomaly detection.
Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): Being the earliest granted patent in this direct lineage with the same title and fundamental inventive concept, this patent fully anticipates Claim 1 (System) and Claim 7 (Method) of US12218934. The content of the provisional application 62/574,708 would be captured within this patent, establishing the earliest effective filing date for the "Contextual and Risk-Based Multi-Factor Authentication" invention.

4. U.S. Pat. No. 10,860,962

Full Citation: U.S. Pat. No. 10,860,962 (issued Dec. 8, 2020) to Crabtree et al., titled "SYSTEM FOR FULLY INTEGRATED CAPTURE, AND ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS INFORMATION RESULTING IN PREDICTIVE DECISION MAKING AND SIMULATION".
Publication/Filing Date: Issued Dec. 8, 2020. This patent is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/141,752, filed on Apr. 28, 2016.
Brief Description: This patent describes a business operating system that integrates data from various sources (sensors, network providers, web crawling) for analysis and transformation into task-optimized results using a directed computational graph. It performs predictive statistics and machine learning for forecasting and decision-making, including cyber security functions like detecting anomalous network behavior and mitigating cyberattacks. It specifically mentions continuous polling of incoming traffic data for anomalous activities and tailoring alerts to responding parties.
Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): While not directly focused on multi-factor authentication, this patent discloses a "multi-dimensional time series data store module" (similar to the server in Claim 1 and 7) for network traffic data and a "directed computational graph module" (similar to the module in Claim 1 and 7) for analysis, including detecting "anomalous network behavior" which is a basis for determining verification score in US12218934. It also discusses predictive analysis using machine learning. Elements like "monitoring and recording a network's traffic data" and "determining a network traffic baseline from the traffic data" are strongly suggested. However, the explicit "requiring a user to use a plurality of verification methods to earn enough verification score" part of claims 1 and 7 is not directly present in its abstract, nor is the "determining a required verification score needed before granting access." Therefore, it likely anticipates some components of Claim 1 and 7 related to data processing and baseline determination, but not the entire MFA system and method.

5. U.S. Pat. No. 10,248,910

Full Citation: U.S. Pat. No. 10,248,910 (issued Apr. 2, 2019) to Crabtree et al., titled "DETECTION MITIGATION AND REMEDIATION OF CYBERATTACKS EMPLOYING AN ADVANCED CYBER-DECISION PLATFORM".
Publication/Filing Date: Issued Apr. 2, 2019. This patent is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/237,625, filed on Aug. 15, 2016.
Brief Description: This patent focuses on a system for detecting, mitigating, and remediating cyberattacks. It retrieves and analyzes network traffic data, predicting normal usage patterns and continuously polling for anomalous activities. It uses a multi-dimensional time series data store and a directed computational graph module for analysis. The system formulates a baseline network usage profile and provides recommendations to reduce the probability of cyberattacks and mitigate damage.
Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent clearly describes the components for "monitoring and recording a network's traffic data" and "determining a network traffic baseline from the traffic data" using a "multi-dimensional time series data store" and "directed computational graph module," as detailed in Claim 1 and Claim 7 of US12218934. However, it does not explicitly disclose the step of "determining a required verification score needed before granting access by a user to network resource based at least in part by the network traffic baseline" nor "requiring a user to use a plurality of verification methods to earn enough verification score." It likely anticipates the data collection and baseline generation aspects (parts of Claim 1 and Claim 7 related to the data server and graph module's initial functions), but not the specific application to contextual and risk-based MFA with verification scores and methods.

6. U.S. Pat. No. 10,204,147

Full Citation: U.S. Pat. No. 10,204,147 (issued Feb. 12, 2019) to Crabtree et al., titled "SYSTEM FOR CAPTURE, ANALYSIS AND STORAGE OF TIME SERIES DATA FROM SENSORS WITH HETEROGENEOUS REPORT INTERVAL PROFILES".
Publication/Filing Date: Issued Feb. 12, 2019. This patent is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/091,563, filed on Apr. 5, 2016.
Brief Description: This patent describes a system and method for capturing, analyzing, and storing time series data from various sensors. It uses a multi-dimensional time series data store module that can accommodate high-volume data surges and programming wrappers for sophisticated logic. The system analyzes and transforms this data using a directed computational graph.
Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent directly teaches the "multi-dimensional time series data server" and "directed computation graph module" components of Claim 1 and the "monitoring and recording a network's traffic data" and "serving the traffic data to other modules" steps of Claim 7. While it covers the foundational data handling and processing components, it lacks the specific application to determining a verification score for user access based on a network traffic baseline and the use of plurality of verification methods for MFA. Thus, it anticipates the underlying data infrastructure but not the specific MFA context of US12218934's independent claims.

7. U.S. Pat. No. 10,210,255

Full Citation: U.S. Pat. No. 10,210,255 (issued Feb. 19, 2019) to Crabtree et al., titled "DISTRIBUTED SYSTEM FOR LARGE VOLUME DEEP WEB DATA EXTRACTION".
Publication/Filing Date: Issued Feb. 19, 2019. This patent is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/986,536, filed on Dec. 31, 2015.
Brief Description: This patent describes a distributed system for extracting and processing large volumes of data, particularly from the deep web. It utilizes high-volume web crawling modules and can involve transforming data using directed computational graphs. It focuses on the mechanisms for data acquisition and initial processing.
Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This patent contributes to the understanding of data acquisition (e.g., via web crawling, which can be a source of data for the multi-dimensional time series data server) and the use of directed computational graphs for data transformation. However, it does not disclose the specific elements of network traffic monitoring, baseline determination for authentication, required verification scores, or the use of multiple verification methods for user access as defined in Claim 1 and Claim 7 of US12218934. It anticipates very general system components but not the core inventive step of the MFA system.

8. U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2017/0371726 A1

Full Citation: U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2017/0371726 A1 (published Dec. 28, 2017) to Crabtree et al., titled "RAPID PREDICTIVE ANALYSIS OF VERY LARGE DATA SETS USING AN ACTOR-DRIVEN DISTRIBUTED COMPUTATIONAL GRAPH".
Publication/Filing Date: Published Dec. 28, 2017. This application is based on U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/616,427, filed on Jun. 7, 2017.
Brief Description: This publication describes a system for rapid predictive analysis of large datasets using an actor-driven distributed computational graph. It involves processing data streams from various sources, transforming data via directed graphs, and using machine learning algorithms for forecasting and decision-making. It explicitly mentions using a "directed computational graph module" that represents data as directed graphs.
Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This application explicitly details the "directed computation graph module" and its function in processing data, which is a key component of US12218934's independent claims. It covers aspects of data analysis and predictive capabilities. However, similar to US10860962B2, it does not explicitly tie these computational graph functions to determining a verification score for user authentication based on a network traffic baseline using a plurality of verification methods. It anticipates the underlying computational framework for data analysis but not the specific MFA application.

9. U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2017/0124492 A1

Full Citation: U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2017/0124492 A1 (published May 4, 2017) to Crabtree et al., titled "ACCURATE AND DETAILED MODELING OF SYSTEMS WITH LARGE COMPLEX DATA SETS USING A DISTRIBUTED SIMULATION ENGINE".
Publication/Filing Date: Published May 4, 2017. This application is based on U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/206,195, filed on Jul. 8, 2016.
Brief Description: This publication describes a system and method for modeling complex systems with large datasets using a distributed simulation engine. It involves collecting and analyzing various data types to create models and simulate outcomes, often utilizing a business operating system with components like directed computational graphs and automated planning services.
Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This document describes the foundational system for handling and analyzing large datasets, including elements of the business operating system and directed computational graphs mentioned in US12218934. It's broadly related to the data processing infrastructure. However, it does not disclose the specific application to multi-factor authentication, network traffic baselines for security, or the concept of dynamically determining a verification score and using multiple verification methods for user access.

10. U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2017/0124497 A1

Full Citation: U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2017/0124497 A1 (published May 4, 2017) to Crabtree et al., titled "SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATED CAPTURE AND ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS INFORMATION FOR RELIABLE BUSINESS VENTURE OUTCOME PREDICTION".
Publication/Filing Date: Published May 4, 2017. This application is based on U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/186,453, filed on Jun. 18, 2016.
Brief Description: This publication details a system for automated capture and analysis of business information to predict business venture outcomes. It involves collecting data from various sources, processing it through a distributed computational graph, and using machine learning for predictive analysis and simulations to aid business decision-making.
Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This application describes a general data processing and predictive analytics system that uses components similar to those in US12218934's description (e.g., distributed computational graph). It establishes the existence of the underlying technology for data processing. However, it lacks the specific context of network security, user authentication, dynamic verification scores, or multiple verification methods.

11. U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2017/0124501 A1

Full Citation: U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2017/0124501 A1 (published May 4, 2017) to Crabtree et al., titled "SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATED CAPTURE AND ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS INFORMATION FOR SECURITY AND CLIENT-FACING INFRASTRUCTURE RELIABILITY".
Publication/Filing Date: Published May 4, 2017. This application is based on U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/166,158, filed on May 26, 2016.
Brief Description: This publication describes a system for automated capture and analysis of business information, specifically for security and client-facing infrastructure reliability. It involves monitoring electronic infrastructure, analyzing network traffic, detecting anomalous behavior, and providing predictive information and recommendations related to cybersecurity.
Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This application is highly relevant as it explicitly addresses network security and the detection of anomalous behavior within a business operating system framework, similar to the "cybersecurity functions" mentioned in US12218934. It describes monitoring network traffic and identifying deviations from a baseline. However, it still does not fully disclose the "required verification score" for user access and the use of a plurality of verification methods for MFA to achieve that score, as central to Claim 1 and Claim 7 of US12218934. It provides strong anticipation for the data collection and anomaly detection aspects, forming a significant part of the context for the MFA system.

12. U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2017/0124464 A1

Full Citation: U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2017/0124464 A1 (published May 4, 2017) to Crabtree et al., titled "RAPID PREDICTIVE ANALYSIS OF VERY LARGE DATA SETS USING THE DISTRIBUTED COMPUTATIONAL GRAPH".
Publication/Filing Date: Published May 4, 2017. This application is based on U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/925,974, filed on Oct. 28, 2015.
Brief Description: This publication focuses on a system and method for rapid predictive analysis of very large datasets utilizing a distributed computational graph. It describes the collection of diverse data streams, their transformation into graph representations, and the application of machine learning for forecasting and decision-making.
Potential Anticipation (35 U.S.C. § 102): This document anticipates the core data processing and analytical engine, specifically the "directed computational graph module" and the concept of processing large datasets for predictive analysis. However, it does not explicitly describe the application of this technology to multi-factor user authentication, dynamically determined verification scores, or the use of various verification methods, as required by US12218934's independent claims.

Summary of Anticipation:

The patents U.S. Pat. Nos. 11,757,872, 11,218,474, and 10,742,647 are all direct continuations with identical titles and descriptions. They represent the most relevant prior art and fully anticipate Claim 1 (System) and Claim 7 (Method) of US12218934 under 35 U.S.C. § 102, as they disclose the same invention. The earlier filing date of U.S. Pat. No. 10,742,647, which claims priority to the provisional application 62/574,708, effectively establishes the prior art date for the "Contextual and Risk-Based Multi-Factor Authentication" invention.

Other continuation-in-part patents and applications (e.g., US10860962B2, US10248910B2, US10204147B2, US20170371726A1, US20170124501A1, US20170124464A1) provide foundational technology for data collection, processing, baseline determination, and anomaly detection using multi-dimensional time series data servers and directed computational graphs. These would likely anticipate individual components or steps within Claim 1 and Claim 7 of US12218934, particularly those relating to the underlying data infrastructure and analytical capabilities. However, they generally lack the specific combination of these elements directed to dynamically determining a required verification score for user access based on a network traffic baseline and requiring a user to use a plurality of verification methods to obtain that score for multi-factor authentication. These could form the basis for obviousness rejections under 35 U.S.C. § 103, but not direct anticipation under § 102 for the entire independent claims of US12218934.