Patent 11952167

Derivative works

Defensive disclosure: derivative variations of each claim designed to render future incremental improvements obvious or non-novel.

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Derivative works

Defensive disclosure: derivative variations of each claim designed to render future incremental improvements obvious or non-novel.

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Defensive Disclosure: US Patent 11952167 Derivative Variations

This document outlines derivative variations for the core claims of US Patent 11952167, focusing on generating prior art to render future incremental improvements "obvious" or "non-novel" across various technical axes.

Derivatives for Claim 1 (Container Assembly)

Claim 1 Summary: A container assembly with a first container (female coupler: depressed locking location with locking rib, locking latch arresting location) and a second container (male coupler: projecting portion with locking tongue, locking latch). Locked position involves partial resting, tongue-rib engagement (preventing vertical separation), and latch-arresting location engagement (preventing sliding). Detachment requires only latch disengagement.

1.1. Material & Component Substitution: High-Load Industrial Container Assembly with Composite & Self-Lubricating Components

Enabling Description:
A container assembly designed for industrial environments handling up to 5,000 kg, where the first and second containers are constructed from carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites for high strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance. The depressed locking locations, locking ribs, projecting portions, and locking tongues are fabricated from a hardened tool steel (e.g., AISI D2) with a PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) coating of Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) for reduced friction and enhanced wear resistance during sliding engagement. The locking latch and its arresting mechanism are replaced by a pneumatic locking pin system. This system consists of a spring-biased pin made of hardened stainless steel (e.g., 17-4 PH) within the male coupler, actuated by a miniature pneumatic cylinder. Upon engagement, a pressure sensor (e.g., piezoresistive type) in the locking latch arresting location confirms full seating, triggering a pneumatic solenoid valve to release air pressure, allowing the spring-biased pin to extend and lock into a reinforced arresting recess within the female coupler. Disengagement is initiated by supplying pneumatic pressure to retract the pin. The containers include integrated structural members made of a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) for impact absorption.

classDiagram
    class ContainerAssembly {
        +FirstContainer
        +SecondContainer
    }
    class FirstContainer {
        +TopFace: CFRP
        +DepressedLockingLocation: HardenedToolSteel_MoS2
        +LockingRib: HardenedToolSteel_MoS2
        +LockingLatchArrestingLocation: ReinforcedRecess
    }
    class SecondContainer {
        +BottomFace: CFRP
        +ProjectingPortion: HardenedToolSteel_MoS2
        +LockingTongue: HardenedToolSteel_MoS2
        +PneumaticLockingPinSystem
    }
    class PneumaticLockingPinSystem {
        +SpringBiasedPin: 17-4PH_StainlessSteel
        +PneumaticCylinder
        +PressureSensor: Piezoresistive
        +SolenoidValve
    }
    ContainerAssembly --> FirstContainer
    ContainerAssembly --> SecondContainer
    SecondContainer --> PneumaticLockingPinSystem

1.2. Operational Parameter Expansion: Micro-Modular Assembly for Cleanroom Environments

Enabling Description:
A micro-modular assembly for precise component handling in a cleanroom, where the "containers" are micro-scale enclosures (e.g., 50x50x20 mm) made from biocompatible, autoclavable polymer (e.g., PEEK). The coupling mechanisms are micromachined from a silicon substrate using deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) to achieve feature sizes in the micron range. The locking ribs and tongues have a critical dimension of 50 µm and are coated with an ultra-low friction atomic layer deposition (ALD) coating of Tungsten Disulfide (WS2). The locking latch is a MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System)-based cantilever spring latch, actuated electromagnetically rather than manually. The depressed locking location incorporates a micro-optic sensor array (e.g., photodiodes) that detects the precise alignment and engagement of the locking tongue by measuring light occlusion or reflection, providing feedback for robotic manipulation. The latch arresting location features a corresponding micro-electromagnet that activates to release the cantilever spring latch. The assembly operates within a temperature range of 10°C to 40°C with humidity control, and all components are designed for minimal particulate generation.

stateDiagram-v2
    [*] --> Unattached
    Unattached --> Aligning: RoboticGripper
    Aligning --> EngagedSliding: MicroOpticSensor_Confirm
    EngagedSliding --> Locked: ElectromagneticActuation
    Locked --> Unlocking: ElectromagneticActuation
    Unlocking --> EngagedSliding: RoboticGripper
    EngagedSliding --> Unattached: RoboticGripper

1.3. Cross-Domain Application: Modular Avionics Bay for Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)

Enabling Description:
A modular avionics bay system for small UAVs, where "first" and "second" utility modules are individual avionics components (e.g., flight controller, GPS module, power management unit) enclosed in lightweight aluminum alloy (e.g., 6061-T6) housings. The male and female coupling mechanisms are integrated into the chassis of these housings. The depressed locking locations and projecting portions are precisely machined to ensure secure, vibration-resistant attachment. The locking ribs and tongues are formed from integrally machined features in the aluminum, potentially with a hard-anodized coating for wear resistance. The locking latch is a spring-loaded, single-action cam mechanism, manipulated by a small, integrated servo motor for remote locking and unlocking. Electrical connectors (e.g., board-to-board mezzanine connectors) are automatically aligned and engaged upon mechanical coupling, providing both power and data interfaces. The entire assembly is designed to withstand typical flight vibrations (e.g., 10-2000 Hz at 0.1 g^2/Hz) and operate between -40°C and +85°C.

sequenceDiagram
    participant UAV_Chassis as FirstModule (Female)
    participant Avionics_Module as SecondModule (Male)
    participant Ground_Control as ControlSystem

    Ground_Control->Avionics_Module: Command (MoveToAttach)
    Avionics_Module->UAV_Chassis: AlignAndSlide(ProjPortion to DepressedLoc)
    Avionics_Module->UAV_Chassis: Engage(LockingTongue under LockingRib)
    Avionics_Module->Avionics_Module: ActivateServo(LockingLatch)
    Avionics_Module->UAV_Chassis: LatchEngages(LatchArrestingLoc)
    Avionics_Module->UAV_Chassis: Automatic(ElectricalConnector_Mated)
    UAV_Chassis-->Ground_Control: Status(ModuleLockedAndPowered)

    Ground_Control->Avionics_Module: Command (Detach)
    Avionics_Module->Avionics_Module: DeactivateServo(LockingLatch)
    Avionics_Module->UAV_Chassis: LatchDisengages
    Avionics_Module->UAV_Chassis: SlideApart(Tongue from Rib)
    Avionics_Module->UAV_Chassis: Disengage(ElectricalConnector_Unmated)
    UAV_Chassis-->Ground_Control: Status(ModuleUnlockedAndRemoved)

1.4. Integration with Emerging Tech: IoT-Enabled Smart Storage Module

Enabling Description:
A smart storage module utility assembly where each container is equipped with IoT sensors and communicates its status. The first container's female coupler integrates an array of miniature hall-effect sensors (e.g., Allegro A1301) embedded beneath the depressed locking locations, detecting the magnetic field from small permanent magnets (e.g., Neodymium N52) embedded in the second container's male coupler. This sensor array verifies complete physical engagement and alignment. The locking latch includes an integrated low-power Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) module (e.g., Nordic nRF52832) that broadcasts a unique identifier upon successful latch engagement, indicating its "locked" status. This BLE signal is received by a central hub (part of the first container or an external gateway), which can then report the module's presence, type, and locked status to a cloud-based inventory management system. An optional RFID tag (e.g., UHF Gen2) is embedded in each module for rapid bulk scanning. The locking latch mechanism itself is a solenoid-actuated type, allowing remote locking/unlocking commands via the BLE interface, requiring a secure authentication protocol (e.g., AES-128 encryption). The power for these integrated electronics can be supplied via small contact pads that mate upon coupling.

graph TD
    A[First Container] -- BLE Sensor Array --> C(Central Hub / Gateway)
    B[Second Container] -- RFID Tag --> D[RFID Reader]
    B -- Solenoid-Actuated Latch + BLE Module --> A
    C -- Cloud API (MQTT/HTTPS) --> E[Cloud Inventory Management]
    D -- Cloud API (MQTT/HTTPS) --> E
    E -- Remote Lock/Unlock Command --> C
    C -- Solenoid Actuation Command --> A
    A -- Physical Lock State --> B

1.5. The "Inverse" or Failure Mode: Fail-Safe Overload Release Container

Enabling Description:
A container assembly designed to safely release under excessive load or impact to prevent catastrophic damage to contents or surrounding equipment. The primary coupling mechanism (locking rib, tongue, and latch) is augmented with a shear-pin assembly. The locking latch arresting location is formed with a sacrificial polymer insert (e.g., acetal copolymer with a known shear strength) and includes a precision-machined shear pin made of a lower yield strength alloy (e.g., aluminum 2024-T3) integrated to hold the latch in place. When a vertical or sliding force exceeding a predetermined threshold (e.g., 200% of nominal operating load) is applied, the shear pin fractures and/or the polymer insert deforms, allowing the locking latch to disengage. This prevents structural failure of the main container walls or coupling interface. A secondary, visual indicator (e.g., a brightly colored pop-up flag) or an audible alarm (e.g., a small piezoelectric buzzer) activates upon shear pin fracture, signaling that the module has entered a "fail-safe released" state and requires inspection before re-engagement. The locking tongue and rib structure are robust enough to guide the separation without immediate uncontrolled ejection.

stateDiagram-v2
    [*] --> Locked_NormalOp
    Locked_NormalOp --> Overload_Detected: Excessive_Force
    Overload_Detected --> Shear_Pin_Fracture: Force_Exceeds_Threshold
    Shear_Pin_Fracture --> Latch_Disengages: Fail_Safe_Release
    Latch_Disengages --> Released_Indicated: Visual_Alert | Audible_Alarm
    Released_Indicated --> Inspection_Required
    Inspection_Required --> Repair_Reset: Manual_Intervention
    Repair_Reset --> Locked_NormalOp

Derivatives for Claim 22 (Coupling Mechanism for Utility Assembly)

Claim 22 Summary: A coupling mechanism for at least a first and a second utility module. One module has at least one depressed locking location (locking rib) and at least one locking latch arresting location. The other has at least one projecting portion (locking tongue) and at least one locking latch. Locked position: bottom face partially rests over top face, projecting tongue arrested by locking rib, locking latch arrested by arresting location, preventing sliding. Disengagement facilitated by disengaging locking latch.

2.1. Material & Component Substitution: Electro-Active Polymer Latch with Inductive Engagement

Enabling Description:
A coupling mechanism utilizing electro-active polymers (EAPs) for the locking latch and an inductive proximity sensor for engagement detection. The locking latch is formed from a dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA), which changes shape (contracts) when an electric field is applied. This DEA latch is positioned within the projecting portion of the male coupler. The locking latch arresting location in the female coupler integrates an inductive proximity sensor (e.g., Coilcraft LPR6235) that detects the presence and correct seating of the DEA latch. When the modules are aligned and the projecting tongue engages the locking rib, the inductive sensor confirms proximity. A low voltage pulse (e.g., 100V, 1ms) is then applied to the DEA latch, causing it to contract and snap into the arresting location. The locking rib and tongue surfaces are crafted from a ceramic-polymer composite (e.g., alumina-reinforced PEEK) for improved wear resistance and electrical insulation. Disengagement is achieved by applying a continuous voltage to the DEA latch, causing it to remain contracted, allowing the modules to slide apart.

flowchart TD
    A[Male Coupler (Projecting Portion)] -- Contains --> B[DEA Locking Latch]
    A -- Contains --> C[Locking Tongue]
    D[Female Coupler (Depressed Location)] -- Contains --> E[Inductive Proximity Sensor]
    D -- Contains --> F[Locking Rib]
    D -- Contains --> G[Arresting Location]

    SubGraph Engagement
        E --> H{Detect Latch Proximity?}
        H -- Yes --> I[Apply Voltage Pulse to DEA]
        I --> B -- Contracts & Engages --> G
        C --> F
    End
    SubGraph Disengagement
        J[Apply Continuous Voltage to DEA] --> B -- Contracts & Disengages --> G
    End

2.2. Operational Parameter Expansion: Submersible Hyperbaric Coupling Mechanism

Enabling Description:
A coupling mechanism for utility modules operating in extreme hyperbaric environments, such as deep-sea or extraterrestrial liquid-filled habitats, up to 1000 atmospheres pressure. All structural components of the male and female couplers, including locking ribs, tongues, and latching elements, are machined from high-strength, corrosion-resistant titanium alloy (e.g., Ti-6Al-4V). The locking latch is a hydraulically actuated piston-type mechanism, completely sealed and filled with a non-compressible, synthetic hydraulic fluid. Engagement is achieved by internal hydraulic pressure driving the piston into the arresting location, effectively creating a positive lock that is impervious to external pressure differentials. The locking latch arresting location is reinforced with a conical seating surface to withstand immense forces. Sliding surfaces of the tongue and rib are highly polished (Ra < 0.1 µm) and feature micro-grooves for hydrodynamic lubrication by the ambient fluid, preventing galling. Position sensors (e.g., magnetostrictive linear position sensors) monitor the exact state of the hydraulic piston, providing absolute feedback on lock status.

stateDiagram-v2
    [*] --> Unlocked_Fluidic
    Unlocked_Fluidic --> Align_Modules: Hydraulic_RoboticArm
    Align_Modules --> Slide_Engage: Hydrodynamic_Lubrication
    Slide_Engage --> Engage_Hydraulic_Piston: Internal_Pressure_Applied
    Engage_Hydraulic_Piston --> Locked_Hyperbaric: PositionSensor_Confirm
    Locked_Hyperbaric --> Disengage_Hydraulic_Piston: Internal_Pressure_Released
    Disengage_Hydraulic_Piston --> Slide_Apart
    Slide_Apart --> Unlocked_Fluidic

2.3. Cross-Domain Application: Surgical Instrument Tray Coupling

Enabling Description:
A coupling mechanism for sterile, modular surgical instrument trays in an operating room. The utility modules are instrument trays (first module) and sterilization lids (second module). The female coupler (on the tray) and male coupler (on the lid) are fabricated from medical-grade stainless steel (e.g., 316L) with electropolished surfaces for ease of sterilization and biocompatibility. The depressed locking locations and projecting portions are designed with rounded edges to prevent snagging on drapes. The locking ribs and tongues incorporate self-aligning features (e.g., tapered guides) to ensure easy, precise engagement by surgical staff even with gloved hands. The locking latch is a push-button, audible click-lock mechanism with tactile feedback, ensuring confirmation of engagement without visual inspection. The locking latch arresting location has a detent spring for a positive "snap" sensation. The mechanism is designed to withstand repeated autoclaving cycles (e.g., 134°C, 2 bar for 18 minutes) without degradation in function or material integrity.

classDiagram
    class SurgicalInstrumentTray {
        +TrayBody: 316L_StainlessSteel
        +FemaleCoupler
    }
    class SterilizationLid {
        +LidBody: 316L_StainlessSteel
        +MaleCoupler
    }
    class FemaleCoupler {
        +DepressedLockingLocation: Electropolished
        +LockingRib: TaperedGuide
        +LockingLatchArrestingLocation: DetentSpring
    }
    class MaleCoupler {
        +ProjectingPortion: Electropolished
        +LockingTongue: TaperedGuide
        +PushButtonLatch: TactileAudibleFeedback
    }
    SurgicalInstrumentTray "1" -- "1" FemaleCoupler
    SterilizationLid "1" -- "1" MaleCoupler
    FemaleCoupler <--> MaleCoupler: Couples

2.4. Integration with Emerging Tech: AI-Optimized Adaptive Coupling

Enabling Description:
An AI-optimized adaptive coupling mechanism where the locking forces and engagement parameters are dynamically adjusted based on sensed environmental conditions and module identity. Each utility module contains an embedded microcontroller (e.g., ARM Cortex-M4) and a suite of sensors: accelerometer (for vibration), thermometer (for temperature), hygrometer (for humidity), and a strain gauge (in the locking rib/tongue interface). When a second module is slid into position, real-time sensor data is fed into a localized AI inference engine (e.g., tinyML model) on the microcontroller. This AI model, pre-trained on various environmental conditions and material properties, determines the optimal locking force required. The locking latch is a variable-force solenoid actuator. The AI then controls the solenoid's current to apply the calculated optimal force, ensuring a secure lock while preventing over-stressing components. Post-engagement, the AI continuously monitors vibration and strain, and if coupling integrity is compromised (e.g., due to creep or fatigue), it can trigger an alarm or initiate re-engagement procedures. An encrypted NFC tag on each module provides module identity and historical usage data to the AI.

graph TD
    A[Second Module] -- Slide & Engage --> B[First Module]
    B -- Sensor Data (Strain, Accel, Temp, Humidity) --> C{Microcontroller + AI Inference Engine}
    A -- NFC Tag --> C
    C -- Optimal Force Calc --> D[Variable-Force Solenoid Latch]
    D -- Actuates --> E[Locking Latch Arresting Location]
    E -- Provides Feedback --> C
    C -- Monitoring --> F{Coupling Integrity Check}
    F -- Compromised --> G[Alarm / Re-engage]

2.5. The "Inverse" or Failure Mode: Low-Power Soft-Lock Release

Enabling Description:
A coupling mechanism featuring a "low-power soft-lock" mode that allows for easier repositioning or temporary attachment without full, rigid engagement, and a safe, minimal-force release upon power loss. The locking latch is a two-stage electromagnetic detent. In "full-lock" mode, a strong electromagnetic field is maintained, firmly engaging the latch. In "soft-lock" mode, a weaker field is applied, allowing for frictional engagement and sliding with moderate force, facilitating minor adjustments without full detachment. This mode is activated via a momentary button press. Upon complete power failure (e.g., a power outage in a controlled environment, or battery depletion), the electromagnetic latch defaults to an unpowered, released state, allowing the modules to be easily separated by hand. A small, non-volatile memory (e.g., FRAM) stores the last known lock state. The locking rib and tongue are configured with a slight taper and a low-friction polymer insert (e.g., UHMW-PE) to ensure smooth release and prevent binding in the unpowered state, allowing for safe separation even if unintended.

stateDiagram-v2
    [*] --> Unlocked
    Unlocked --> Engaging_Slide: Manual_Push
    Engaging_Slide --> Soft_Lock: Momentary_Button_Press
    Soft_Lock --> Full_Lock: Sustained_Button_Press / Command
    Full_Lock --> Soft_Lock: Momentary_Button_Press / Command
    Soft_Lock --> Unlocked: Manual_Pull
    Full_Lock --> Unlocked: Manual_Pull (requires release)

    Full_Lock --> Power_Loss
    Soft_Lock --> Power_Loss
    Power_Loss --> Unlocked_Default: Electromagnetic_Release

Derivatives for Claim 23 (Coupling Mechanism with Sliding Engagement)

Claim 23 Summary: Engaging the first and second utility modules into the locked position (as described in Claim 22) is provided by sliding the second utility module with respect to the first utility module along a sliding path defined by at least one of said at least one locking rib and said at least one locking tongue.

3.1. Material & Component Substitution: Self-Lubricating Ceramic Bearings for High-Temperature Sliding

Enabling Description:
A coupling mechanism designed for high-temperature applications (e.g., industrial ovens up to 600°C), where the sliding engagement is facilitated by integrated self-lubricating ceramic bearings. The locking ribs and tongues are manufactured from Silicon Carbide (SiC) ceramics due to their excellent high-temperature strength, chemical inertness, and hardness. The sliding path incorporates miniature SiC ball bearings or ceramic slider pads (e.g., Silicon Nitride, Si3N4) embedded within recesses in both the depressed locking location and the projecting portion. These ceramic elements provide ultra-low friction sliding at elevated temperatures without requiring external lubricants, which would degrade. The spring-biased locking latch is replaced by a thermally actuated shape-memory alloy (SMA) component (e.g., NiTi alloy). At ambient temperatures, the SMA latch is in a retracted, open position. When the assembly reaches its operational temperature, the SMA transforms, causing the latch to extend and engage the arresting location. Cooling the system (or a localized heating element) disengages the latch. This ensures that the coupling is only fully locked at operating temperature.

flowchart TD
    A[First Module] -- DepressedLoc + CeramicBearings --> C[Sliding Path]
    B[Second Module] -- ProjectingPortion + CeramicBearings --> C
    C -- Sliding Motion --> D{Engage Rib & Tongue}
    D -- High Temp Activation --> E[SMA Latch Actuates]
    E --> F[Locking Arresting Loc]
    F --> G{Locked at Operating Temp}

3.2. Operational Parameter Expansion: Ultra-Precision Opto-Mechanical Alignment Coupling

Enabling Description:
A coupling mechanism for ultra-precision opto-mechanical assemblies requiring sub-micron alignment. The sliding path is precisely defined by highly polished, optically flat sapphire guides integrated into the depressed locking location and corresponding sapphire-tipped runners on the projecting portion. These surfaces are manufactured with a flatness tolerance of 0.05 µm. The sliding motion itself is controlled by a piezoelectric linear actuator (e.g., Physik Instrumente M-272) that provides smooth, step-less movement along the path. Optical interferometers (e.g., heterodyne laser interferometers) are integrated into the sides of the coupling mechanism, continuously monitoring the relative position of the modules during sliding, providing real-time feedback for the piezoelectric actuator, ensuring precise alignment before final locking. The "locking latch" is replaced by a magnetic clamping mechanism, where high-strength permanent magnets (e.g., Samarium Cobalt) on one side are brought into contact with magnetically permeable material on the other, creating a high-force clamp once precise alignment is achieved, controlled by a micro-actuator to introduce/remove a magnetic shunt.

sequenceDiagram
    participant FirstModule as FM
    participant SecondModule as SM
    participant PiezoActuator as PA
    participant Interferometer as IF
    participant MagneticClamp as MC

    SM->FM: InitialPlacement (Rough Alignment)
    PA->SM: InitiateSlide (Controlled by IF)
    loop Fine Adjustment
        IF->PA: Feedback(Position Error)
        PA->SM: AdjustSlide(Corrective Motion)
    end
    SM->FM: RibAndTongueEngaged
    IF->MC: ConfirmAlignment(Sub-micron)
    MC->FM: EngageMagnets
    FM-->SM: Locked(Clamped)

3.3. Cross-Domain Application: Reconfigurable Retail Display Module System

Enabling Description:
A coupling mechanism for a reconfigurable retail display system, where individual display modules (e.g., shelving units, product showcases) are easily slid into position on a base frame. The first utility module is a vertical or horizontal base rail system, and the second utility module is a display component. The depressed locking locations are integrated grooves along the base rail, and the locking ribs are the internal faces of these grooves. The projecting portions on the display modules feature sliding tracks and locking tongues with integrated rollers (e.g., acetal rollers) for smooth, effortless sliding engagement. The sliding path allows for lateral adjustment of display modules along the rail. The locking latch is a tool-less, spring-loaded cam-lock lever, accessible from the front face of the display module. This allows retail staff to quickly lock or unlock and reposition modules without specialized tools. The arresting location is a simple recess designed for positive engagement of the cam-lock. The entire system is designed for aesthetic integration and high cycle life in public environments.

classDiagram
    class BaseRailSystem {
        +Grooves(DepressedLockingLocations)
        +InternalFaces(LockingRibs)
    }
    class DisplayModule {
        +SlidingTracks(ProjectingPortions)
        +Rollers
        +LockingTongues
        +CamLockLever(LockingLatch)
    }
    BaseRailSystem "1" -- "many" DisplayModule
    DisplayModule "1" -- "1" CamLockLever
    BaseRailSystem "1" -- "1" Grooves

3.4. Integration with Emerging Tech: Automated Warehousing Module with Vision-Guided Sliding

Enabling Description:
A coupling mechanism for automated warehousing utility modules, where robotic forklifts or autonomous mobile robots (AMRs) perform attachment and detachment using vision-guided sliding. Each utility module (e.g., storage bins, palletizers) has fiducial markers (e.g., AprilTags) on its faces. A robotic system (e.g., AMR with a manipulator arm) uses a high-resolution stereo camera system (e.g., Intel RealSense D435) to detect these markers, calculating the 6-DOF pose of the modules relative to each other. This vision data is fed to a robotic control system that precisely executes the sliding motion of the second module along the first, ensuring accurate engagement of the locking tongue with the locking rib. The sliding path is further equipped with embedded ultrasonic proximity sensors (e.g., MaxBotix MB1000) that provide continuous distance feedback during the final approach, preventing collisions and guiding the robot for smooth engagement. The locking latch is a solenoid-actuated pin, triggered by the robotic system only after vision and proximity sensors confirm full mechanical engagement and optimal sliding completion. This system integrates with a warehouse management system (WMS) that tracks module location and lock status via API.

sequenceDiagram
    participant AMR as Robot
    participant VisionSystem as Camera
    participant ModuleA as FirstModule
    participant ModuleB as SecondModule
    participant ProximitySensors as US_Sensors
    participant SolenoidLatch as SL

    Robot->VisionSystem: RequestPose(ModuleB)
    VisionSystem->Robot: PoseData(ModuleB relative to ModuleA)
    Robot->ModuleB: InitiateGrasp
    Robot->ModuleB: ExecuteSlideMotion(guided by Vision)
    loop DuringSlide
        US_Sensors->Robot: ProximityFeedback
        Robot->ModuleB: AdjustSlide
    end
    Robot->ModuleB: RibAndTongueEngaged
    Robot->SL: TriggerLock(Confirmation from Vision/Proximity)
    SL->ModuleB: EngageLatch
    ModuleB->Robot: LatchStatus(Locked)
    Robot->ModuleB: ReleaseGrasp
    Robot->WMS: UpdateModuleStatus(Locked, Location)

3.5. The "Inverse" or Failure Mode: Guided Anti-Jam Sliding Mechanism

Enabling Description:
A coupling mechanism with an integrated anti-jam sliding mechanism designed to prevent binding or excessive force during engagement, particularly in dusty or contaminated environments. The sliding path of the depressed locking location is configured with strategically placed sacrificial guide channels and debris ejection ports. The projecting portion's sliding surfaces (tongues) are equipped with a series of alternating hard (e.g., hardened stainless steel) and soft (e.g., self-lubricating polymer such as HDPE or UHMW-PE) wear strips. These wear strips are slightly oversized to create a controlled interference fit, pushing any accumulated dust or debris into the guide channels and out through the ejection ports during sliding. If excessive friction or an obstruction is encountered, a force sensor (e.g., a strain gauge on the sliding component) embedded in the projecting portion triggers an audible alert (e.g., buzzer) and/or a visual indicator (e.g., LED) to the operator, indicating a potential jam. This system prevents permanent damage to the primary locking features. The locking latch is spring-biased but designed with a large, accessible disengagement lever that requires minimal force, even if the primary sliding mechanism experiences some residual binding due to contamination.

graph TD
    A[Second Module Projecting Portion] -- Sliding Surface w/ Wear Strips --> B[First Module Depressed Locking Location]
    B -- Contains --> C[Guide Channels]
    B -- Contains --> D[Debris Ejection Ports]
    A -- Contains --> E[Force Sensor]
    E -- Detects --> F{Excessive Friction / Obstruction}
    F -- Yes --> G[Audible Alert / Visual Indicator]
    A -- Manual Latch --> H[Spring-biased Locking Latch]
    H -- Engages --> I[Locking Latch Arresting Location]
    G --> J[Operator Intervention]

Derivatives for Claim 50 (Mobile Carrier Unit)

Claim 50 Summary: A mobile carrier unit with at least one carrier engagement surface. Compatible for detachable interlocking engagement with a first engagement surface of a utility module. Carrier engagement surface either has (i) depressed locking locations with locking ribs and latch arresting locations (for utility module with latches and projecting portions), or (ii) locking latches and projecting portions (for utility module with depressed locking locations with locking ribs and latch arresting locations).

5.1. Material & Component Substitution: Regenerative Braking Carrier with Advanced Composites

Enabling Description:
A mobile carrier unit for heavy-duty construction site use, constructed primarily from a high-impact, UV-stabilized composite material (e.g., chopped carbon fiber reinforced polypropylene) for its chassis and carrier engagement surface, providing excellent durability and weight reduction. The wheels are solid, puncture-proof polyurethane with a high load rating. The locomotion system integrates a regenerative braking electric motor system, where energy generated during downhill travel or deceleration is stored in a supercapacitor bank (e.g., Maxwell Technologies K2 series) mounted within the carrier unit. The coupling elements (depressed locking locations, locking ribs) on the carrier engagement surface are made from a wear-resistant manganese steel alloy, plasma nitrided for surface hardness. The utility modules (e.g., power generators, heavy toolboxes) feature corresponding elements made of induction-hardened alloy steel. The locking latches on the utility modules are electromagnetically actuated with a fail-safe mechanical override, powered by the carrier's supercapacitor bank, allowing for remote locking/unlocking via a ruggedized wireless interface (ee.g., ISM band radio). The carrier also features integrated load cells (e.g., shear beam type) beneath the engagement surface to measure the total weight of attached modules, providing data to the regenerative braking system for optimal energy recovery.

classDiagram
    class MobileCarrierUnit {
        +Chassis: CarbonFiberPP_Composite
        +Wheels: Polyurethane
        +RegenerativeBrakingMotorSystem
        +SupercapacitorBank
        +CarrierEngagementSurface: ManganeseSteel_Nitrided
        +IntegratedLoadCells
    }
    class UtilityModule {
        +FirstEngagementSurface: InductionHardenedAlloySteel
        +ElectromagneticLatch
    }
    MobileCarrierUnit "1" -- "many" UtilityModule
    MobileCarrierUnit -- RegenerativeBrakingMotorSystem
    RegenerativeBrakingMotorSystem -- SupercapacitorBank
    MobileCarrierUnit -- CarrierEngagementSurface
    UtilityModule -- ElectromagneticLatch

5.2. Operational Parameter Expansion: Autonomous Arctic Exploration Rover Platform

Enabling Description:
An autonomous mobile carrier unit designed for extreme arctic exploration, operating in temperatures down to -70°C. The carrier unit is a tracked rover platform with caterpillar tracks (e.g., reinforced rubber composite with embedded heating elements) for locomotion, powered by a low-temperature tolerant solid-state battery pack (e.g., Lithium-ion with cryo-thermal management). The carrier engagement surface and all coupling mechanisms are machined from a specialized cryogenic-grade stainless steel (e.g., 304L or 316LN) to prevent embrittlement at extreme cold. The depressed locking locations, locking ribs, and arresting locations are precision-milled features within this material. The utility modules (e.g., scientific instrumentation, sample collection units, power sources) are enclosed in insulated housings with corresponding coupling features. The locking latches on the utility modules are pneumatically actuated using a dry, inert gas (e.g., Nitrogen) and miniature, low-temperature pneumatic cylinders, ensuring operation without freezing or requiring lubricants. Sensors (e.g., platinum resistance thermometers) monitor the temperature of critical coupling interfaces, and a localized heating element (e.g., Kapton film heater) can pre-warm the interface for coupling/decoupling.

stateDiagram-v2
    [*] --> Idle_Cold
    Idle_Cold --> Pre_Warm_Interface: TempBelowThreshold
    Pre_Warm_Interface --> Ready_For_Coupling: InterfaceTempOK
    Ready_For_Coupling --> Align_Module: Autonomous_Navigation
    Align_Module --> Engage_Pneumatic_Latch: Nitrogen_Actuation
    Engage_Pneumatic_Latch --> Locked_Arctic: TempMonitor_Confirm
    Locked_Arctic --> Operate_Mission
    Operate_Mission --> Disengage_Pneumatic_Latch: Nitrogen_Actuation
    Disengage_Pneumatic_Latch --> Module_Detached

5.3. Cross-Domain Application: Automated Greenhouse Plant Cart System

Enabling Description:
A mobile carrier unit for automated plant transportation and positioning within a controlled-environment agriculture (CEA) greenhouse. The carrier unit is a low-profile wheeled cart designed to navigate narrow rows. The carrier engagement surface is a flat platform equipped with multiple female coupling mechanisms. The utility modules are individual plant trays or specialized sensor arrays (e.g., hyperspectral cameras, soil moisture probes) mounted on a base plate. The coupling mechanisms (depressed locking locations, locking ribs) are made from a high-density, UV-stabilized polypropylene, resistant to humidity and common greenhouse chemicals. The utility modules (plant trays) have corresponding projecting portions and locking tongues. The locking latches on the plant trays are simple, gravity-actuated detents. When a plant tray is slid onto the carrier and pushed fully into position, the detent falls into the arresting location, providing a secure, yet easily releasable, lock. To unlock, an operator or automated arm simply lifts the front edge of the tray slightly, disengaging the detent. The carrier system includes an inductive charging coil for powering the modules during transport, and a central controller communicates with RFID tags on each plant tray for tracking.

graph LR
    A[Carrier Unit (Wheeled Cart)] -- Polypropylene Eng. Surface --> B[Depressed Locking Locations]
    A -- Inductive Charging --> C[Utility Module (Plant Tray)]
    C -- Projecting Portions & Locking Tongues --> B
    C -- Gravity-Actuated Detent --> D[Locking Latch Arresting Location]
    C -- RFID Tag --> E[Central Controller]
    E -- Tracks & Manages --> C

5.4. Integration with Emerging Tech: Predictive Maintenance Robotic Carrier

Enabling Description:
A robotic mobile carrier unit featuring predictive maintenance capabilities for its coupling mechanisms, leveraging integrated IoT sensors and machine learning. Each coupling interface (carrier engagement surface and utility module's first engagement surface) is equipped with embedded strain gauges (e.g., foil-type micro-strain gauges) near the locking ribs/tongues and in the latch arresting locations. These sensors continuously monitor the stress and strain cycles experienced during coupling, transport, and decoupling. Data from these sensors, along with usage frequency and environmental factors (e.g., temperature, humidity via onboard sensors), is fed to an edge computing module on the carrier. A machine learning model, trained on historical failure data, analyzes this sensor stream in real-time to predict potential wear, fatigue, or impending failure of the coupling components. When a component's wear reaches a critical threshold, the system triggers an alert (e.g., LED indicator on the carrier, wireless notification to maintenance personnel), recommending proactive replacement or maintenance before a catastrophic failure occurs. The locking latches are electromechanical, allowing the system to perform diagnostic "micro-oscillations" of the latch to assess its play and response.

flowchart TD
    A[Mobile Carrier Unit] -- IoT Sensors (Strain, Temp, Humidity) --> B[Edge Computing Module]
    C[Utility Module] -- IoT Sensors (Strain) --> B
    B -- Machine Learning Model --> D{Predictive Maintenance Analysis}
    D -- Alert Triggered --> E[Maintenance Alert (LED/Wireless)]
    D -- Healthy --> F[Continue Operation]
    A -- Electromechanical Latch --> G[Locking Mechanism]
    G -- Diagnostic Oscillations --> D

5.5. The "Inverse" or Failure Mode: Load-Sensitive Emergency Stop Carrier

Enabling Description:
A mobile carrier unit designed with a load-sensitive emergency stop and a soft-land feature for improperly loaded or detached modules. The carrier unit incorporates an array of pressure sensors (e.g., force-sensing resistors, FSRs) beneath its entire carrier engagement surface. These FSRs continuously monitor the distribution and total weight of the load. If an attached utility module is detected to be unevenly loaded beyond a safe threshold, or if a significant drop in pressure indicates a module has unexpectedly detached or become dislodged during transit, the carrier's locomotion system is immediately brought to a controlled, gentle halt (emergency stop). Simultaneously, four extendable, impact-absorbing pneumatic pistons are deployed from the carrier's corners, slowly lowering the carrier (and any remaining modules) onto the ground, preventing tipping or further damage. The locking latch arresting locations on the carrier include a visual indicator (e.g., green/red LED) that illuminates green when a module is properly secured and red if an engagement is partial or compromised.

stateDiagram-v2
    [*] --> Idle
    Idle --> Moving_Normal: ModulesLocked_LoadOK
    Moving_Normal --> Emergency_Stop_Deploy: UnevenLoad_Detected | ModuleDetached_Detected
    Emergency_Stop_Deploy --> Soft_Land: PneumaticPistonsDeploy
    Soft_Land --> Stop_Motion: CarrierOnGround
    Stop_Motion --> Inspection_Required
    Moving_Normal --> Module_Unlocked: ManualRelease
    Module_Unlocked --> Inspection_Required

Derivatives for Claim 60 (Interface Coupling Module)

Claim 60 Summary: An interface coupling module with at least one engagement surface. Compatible for detachable interlocking engagement with a first engagement surface of a utility module. Engagement surface either has (i) depressed locking locations with locking ribs and latch arresting locations (for utility module with latches and projecting portions), or (ii) locking latches and projecting portions (for utility module with depressed locking locations with locking ribs and latch arresting locations).

6.1. Material & Component Substitution: Modular Wall Mount with Bio-Absorbable Polymer

Enabling Description:
An interface coupling module designed as a temporary, bio-absorbable wall mount for medical devices in sterile environments. The module is entirely fabricated from a medical-grade polylactic acid (PLA) or polycaprolactone (PCL) composite, engineered to degrade safely within a specified timeframe (e.g., 6-12 months) after use, eliminating the need for removal. The engagement surface features depressed locking locations and locking ribs molded directly into the polymer. The utility modules (e.g., temporary IV pole mounts, sensor brackets) feature corresponding projecting portions and locking tongues. The locking latch is a magnetically assisted snap-fit mechanism made from a combination of the bio-absorbable polymer and small, encapsulated, bio-inert Neodymium magnets. Upon engagement, the magnetic force provides an initial pull-in, followed by the snap-fit of the polymer latch into the arresting location. This design eliminates metal components exposed to the environment, preventing corrosion or artifact generation in imaging. The module includes a time-release adhesive backing (e.g., hydrogel-based) for temporary, non-damaging attachment to various surfaces.

graph TD
    A[Interface Coupling Module (Bio-Absorbable Wall Mount)] -- PLA/PCL Composite --> B[Engagement Surface]
    B -- Depressed Locking Locations --> C[Locking Ribs]
    B -- Magnetically Assisted Snap-Fit --> D[Locking Latch Arresting Location]
    E[Utility Module (Medical Device Mount)] -- Projecting Portions --> F[Locking Tongues]
    E -- Encapsulated Magnets --> D
    E -- Bio-Absorbable Latch --> D
    A -- Time-Release Adhesive --> G[Wall Surface]

6.2. Operational Parameter Expansion: High-Vacuum Cryogenic Tool Mount

Enabling Description:
An interface coupling module designed as a tool mount for ultra-high vacuum (UHV) and cryogenic environments (down to 4 K). The module is machined from UHV-compatible materials such as stainless steel 316L or titanium, electropolished and vacuum-baked to minimize outgassing. The engagement surface features precisely machined depressed locking locations and locking ribs with a tolerance of ±5 µm to ensure stable coupling in extreme thermal contraction conditions. The utility modules (e.g., manipulators, sample holders, sensor heads) feature corresponding projecting portions and locking tongues. The locking latch is a spring-loaded, bellows-sealed pneumatic mechanism (using UHV-compatible bellows) actuated by ultra-pure helium gas, which does not freeze at cryogenic temperatures. The arresting location is a simple detent machined directly into the UHV housing. The spring biasing the latch is made of Inconel X-750 for cryogenic stability. All mating surfaces are designed with minimal contact area to reduce thermal conduction paths and are coated with a thin layer of gold for lubrication in vacuum.

flowchart TD
    A[Interface Coupling Module (Tool Mount)] -- UHV/Cryo Materials --> B[Engagement Surface]
    B -- Depressed Locking Locations --> C[Locking Ribs]
    B -- Bellows-Sealed Pneumatic Latch (He Gas) --> D[Locking Latch Arresting Location]
    E[Utility Module (UHV Tool)] -- Projecting Portions --> F[Locking Tongues]
    E -- UHV/Cryo Materials --> F
    D -- Inconel X-750 Spring --> G[Latch Mechanism]
    B -- Gold Coating --> F

6.3. Cross-Domain Application: Public Transit Seat Reconfiguration Interface

Enabling Description:
An interface coupling module for reconfiguring seating arrangements in public transit vehicles (e.g., buses, trains). The module is a floor-integrated rail system (first utility module) made from hardened aluminum alloy (e.g., 7075-T6). The carrier engagement surface (the top of the rail) features continuous depressed locking channels with internal locking ribs. The utility modules are individual seating units or table modules, featuring a base plate (first engagement surface) with corresponding projecting portions and locking tongues, allowing them to slide along the rail. The locking latch is a foot-pedal actuated cam-lock integrated into the base of each seat module. When the pedal is depressed, a cam mechanism retracts the locking latch from an arresting location (detent holes) within the rail, allowing the seat to slide. Releasing the pedal allows the cam-lock to spring into the nearest detent, securing the seat. The system is designed to meet public transit safety standards for impact resistance and quick reconfiguration.

graph LR
    A[Public Transit Vehicle Floor] -- Integrated Rail System --> B[Interface Coupling Module]
    B -- Depressed Locking Channels --> C[Locking Ribs]
    D[Seating Unit / Table Module] -- Base Plate --> E[Projecting Portions]
    E -- Locking Tongues --> C
    D -- Foot-Pedal Actuated Cam-Lock --> F[Locking Latch]
    F -- Engages --> G[Detent Holes (Arresting Locations)]

6.4. Integration with Emerging Tech: Blockchain-Verified Tool Rack

Enabling Description:
An interface coupling module functioning as a "smart" tool rack that utilizes blockchain technology for secure asset tracking and inventory management. The tool rack (interface coupling module) has multiple female coupling locations. Each locking latch arresting location is equipped with a tamper-proof digital sensor (e.g., a Hall-effect sensor array with a unique digital signature) that detects the presence and locked status of an attached utility module (e.g., a power tool with a male coupler). Upon successful coupling, the sensor's digital signature, along with a timestamp and the unique identifier of the attached tool (read via an integrated RFID reader), is hashed and recorded as a transaction on a local distributed ledger (blockchain). This immutable record verifies who attached which tool, when, and where. Detachment similarly generates a blockchain transaction. Access to the locking latch itself (on the tool) might require biometric authentication (e.g., fingerprint reader) to initiate the unlock sequence, ensuring authorized personnel accountability. The blockchain ledger allows for a transparent and auditable history of tool usage and location, preventing theft and ensuring compliance.

sequenceDiagram
    participant ToolRack as ICM
    participant PowerTool as UM
    participant RFIDReader as RFID
    participant HallEffectSensor as HES
    participant BiometricAuth as Bio
    participant BlockchainLedger as BL

    UM->Bio: Authenticate(User)
    Bio->UM: AuthSuccess
    UM->ICM: SlideAndEngage(MaleToFemale)
    HES->ICM: DetectLock(ToolPresent)
    RFID->ICM: ReadToolID
    ICM->BL: RecordTransaction(ToolID, HES_Signature, Timestamp, UserID, "Locked")
    ICM-->UM: ConfirmLock(Visual/Audible)

    UM->Bio: Authenticate(User)
    Bio->UM: AuthSuccess
    UM->ICM: DisengageLatch
    HES->ICM: DetectUnlock(ToolRemoved)
    RFID->ICM: ReadToolID
    ICM->BL: RecordTransaction(ToolID, HES_Signature, Timestamp, UserID, "Unlocked")
    ICM-->UM: ConfirmUnlock(Visual/Audible)

6.5. The "Inverse" or Failure Mode: Anti-Theft Progressive Resistance Mount

Enabling Description:
An interface coupling module designed as an anti-theft mount that offers progressive resistance to unauthorized detachment attempts and provides escalating alerts. The locking latch arresting location incorporates a shear-responsive polymer inlay. The locking latch (on the utility module) is spring-biased and held by a hardened steel pin. In an attempt to detach the utility module without proper disengagement of the primary latch, initial pulling force causes the polymer inlay to deform, but the steel pin remains engaged, providing frictional resistance. If the force continues to increase, internal piezoelectric sensors (e.g., PVDF film) within the polymer inlay detect the strain and activate a low-level local alarm (e.g., a chirping sound, flashing LED). If the force further escalates beyond a threshold, the steel pin is designed to shear, allowing detachment, but simultaneously, a robust secondary anti-tamper mechanism (e.g., a hardened steel cable, previously hidden) is deployed and secures the detached utility module to the interface coupling module, preventing complete removal. This provides a "last-resort" deterrent and ensures the item is not simply walked away with after a forceful breach.

stateDiagram-v2
    [*] --> Locked_Normal
    Locked_Normal --> Frictional_Resistance: UnauthorizedPull_LowForce
    Frictional_Resistance --> Local_Alarm: Force_Exceeds_Threshold1 (PiezoSensor)
    Local_Alarm --> Pin_Shears: Force_Exceeds_Threshold2
    Pin_Shears --> Module_Detaches: PartialRemoval
    Module_Detaches --> Secondary_Cable_Deploys: AntiTamperMechanism
    Secondary_Cable_Deploys --> Secured_But_Detached: PreventFullTheft

Combination Prior Art Scenarios

These scenarios combine the inventive concepts of US11952167 with existing open-source standards, thereby enhancing their public disclosure value.

  1. Open-Source Robotics (ROS) Integrated Modular Tool System:

    • Description: A utility assembly (per Claim 1, 22, 23) comprising multiple tool modules (e.g., power tools, battery packs, organizers) that physically interlock using the described male/female coupling mechanisms with sliding engagement. Each utility module additionally integrates a low-power microcontroller (e.g., ESP32) running an embedded Linux variant or FreeRTOS, communicating over a standardized ROS (Robot Operating System) 2 interface via Wi-Fi or BLE. Upon physical coupling, an automated ROS node publishes messages detailing the connected module's type, battery level (for power tools), internal temperature, and unique identifier. A central ROS master node running on a local workstation can then monitor and manage the inventory, status, and health of all connected tools. This allows robotic systems (e.g., robotic arms on a workbench) to autonomously select, attach, and use tools while tracking their state within a manufacturing or maintenance environment. For example, a "power supply" utility module could report its charge status via ROS, triggering an alert if it needs recharging, or a "workpiece grip" module could report its clamping force.
    • Open-Source Standard: Robot Operating System (ROS) 2 (specifically, ROS 2 message types for sensor data and command/control).

  2. Matter-Enabled Smart Home Modular Storage and Device Mounts:

    • Description: Interface coupling modules (per Claim 60) designed as wall mounts, floor mounts, or desk organizers, utilizing the patent's described coupling mechanisms to detachably secure smart home devices (utility modules) like smart speakers, IoT sensors (temperature, humidity), or charging docks. Each interface coupling module and compatible utility module incorporates a Matter-compliant chip (e.g., silicon labs MGM240P) to enable seamless interoperability within a smart home ecosystem. When a utility module is physically coupled, the Matter device automatically advertises its presence and capabilities to the Matter fabric (network), allowing a Matter controller (e.g., Apple HomePod, Google Nest Hub) to discover and integrate it. The physical locking action of the patent's mechanism (e.g., the latch engaging) could also trigger a Matter state change (e.g., "DeviceAttached" or "DeviceSecured"), providing a robust, multi-layered "smart" connection that is both mechanically and digitally verified.
    • Open-Source Standard: Matter (Connectivity Standards Alliance, CSA) for smart home device interoperability.

  3. OPC UA Integrated Industrial Workstation Modules:

    • Description: A utility assembly of industrial workstation modules (per Claim 1, 22, 23) comprising a mobile carrier unit (per Claim 50) that serves as a base, with various interchangeable workbenches, tool racks, or diagnostic equipment (utility modules) detachably interlocked using the patent's coupling mechanisms. Each utility module and the mobile carrier unit contain an embedded controller implementing the OPC UA (Open Platform Communications Unified Architecture) standard. Upon physical coupling, the OPC UA server instance on the utility module establishes a secure connection with the OPC UA client on the mobile carrier unit (or a central industrial control system). This allows for automatic discovery of the attached module's functionalities (e.g., available power outlets, diagnostic routines, specific tool inventory). Operational parameters, such as power consumption, module temperature, or status (e.g., "workbench in use"), are exposed as OPC UA variables. This enables centralized monitoring, control, and data logging for industrial automation and maintenance scheduling.
    • Open-Source Standard: OPC UA (Open Platform Communications Unified Architecture) for industrial automation data exchange.

Generated 5/15/2026, 12:49:25 AM