Patent 11505231

Prior art

Earlier patents, publications, and products that may anticipate or render the claims unpatentable.

Active provider: Google · gemini-2.5-flash

Prior art

Earlier patents, publications, and products that may anticipate or render the claims unpatentable.

✓ Generated

To identify the most relevant prior art for US patent 11505231, I have reviewed the "Prior art citations" section from the Google Patents entry for US11505231 (https://patents.google.com/patent/US11505231/en). It is important to note the priority date of US11505231 is 2008-12-04.

The cited documents can be broadly categorized into two groups: those that are part of the same patent family (i.e., continuations or continuation-in-parts) and those that are not. For claims in US11505231 that are properly entitled to the earliest priority date (2008-12-04), patents within the same family are generally not considered prior art under 35 U.S.C. § 102. However, they are highly relevant for understanding the evolution of the claimed invention. Documents outside the patent family with an effective filing or publication date prior to the 2008-12-04 priority date would be considered statutory prior art.

Based on the provided text, the patents US8474228B2, US9944305B2, US9403550B2, and US8955869B2 are direct ancestors in the priority chain of US11505231. Their descriptions are highly relevant to the subject matter of US11505231, but their legal status as anticipatory prior art under 35 U.S.C. § 102 depends on whether the claims of US11505231 are entitled to the common earliest priority date.

The other cited applications (US20160272210A1, US20150246604A1, US20160214619A1) have publication dates after the 2008-12-04 priority date of US11505231. Therefore, they would generally not anticipate claims of US11505231 that are entitled to this earliest priority date. They could only potentially anticipate claims that are not entitled to the 2008-12-04 priority date and whose effective filing date falls after their respective publication dates.

Below are the details for each cited reference from the "Prior art citations" section of US11505231:

Prior Art Citations (Family Members/Ancestors)

These documents are explicitly stated as part of the continuation chain of US11505231 and share the earliest priority date of 2008-12-04. While they disclose highly relevant subject matter, they are typically not considered prior art under 35 U.S.C. § 102 for claims in US11505231 that are entitled to this common priority date. They are, however, critical for understanding the development of the invention.

  1. US8474228B2

    • Full Citation: U.S. Patent No. 8,474,228 B2 to Zehfuss et al., titled "Methods for converting a single seat stroller into a double seat stroller and associated apparatus," issued July 2, 2013.
    • Publication/Filing Date: Published: 2013-07-02; Filed: 2009-12-04 (application Ser. No. 12/631,375, from which US11505231 claims priority).
    • Brief Description: This patent describes methods and apparatuses for transforming a single-seat stroller into a double-seat configuration using a removable seat attachment. It features a front seat attachment configured to support a second seat at a second vertical position substantially lower than the first seat, positioned over the front wheels to ensure the stroller's center of gravity remains between the front and rear wheels.
    • Potential Anticipation under 35 U.S.C. § 102: Given its status as a direct ancestor (continuation) of US11505231, this document discloses subject matter highly relevant to the claims of US11505231. This would likely include the general scope of independent claim 1 (stroller system with a lower front seat attachment over front wheels for COG stability), dependent claim 2 (removable front seat attachment), claim 11 (supporting a car seat), and claim 13 (forward/backward facing positions). However, for claims in US11505231 properly entitled to the common priority date of 2008-12-04, this document is not considered anticipatory prior art under 35 U.S.C. § 102. If any claims in US11505231 are determined not to be entitled to the 2008-12-04 priority date and their effective filing date is after July 2, 2013, then US8474228B2 could potentially anticipate such claims.

  2. US9944305B2

    • Full Citation: U.S. Patent No. 9,944,305 B2 to Zehfuss et al., titled "Removable seat attachment for a stroller," issued April 17, 2018.
    • Publication/Filing Date: Published: 2018-04-17; Filed: 2016-08-01 (application Ser. No. 15/225,326, from which US11505231 claims priority).
    • Brief Description: This patent details a removable seat attachment for a stroller, enabling its conversion into a multi-seat stroller. It includes descriptions of attachment mechanisms, seat support elements, and various types of seats (e.g., stroller seat, baby seat, bassinet, pram, car seat, or baby carrier) that can be supported.
    • Potential Anticipation under 35 U.S.C. § 102: As a direct ancestor of US11505231, this patent likely discloses many features pertinent to US11505231's claims, especially those related to interchangeable seat types (claims 11, 13) and more specific attachment mechanisms, potentially including seat attachment housings and adapters (claims 3, 7). For claims in US11505231 properly entitled to the common priority date of 2008-12-04, this document is not considered anticipatory prior art under 35 U.S.C. § 102. If any claims in US11505231 are determined not to be entitled to the 2008-12-04 priority date and their effective filing date is after April 17, 2018, then US9944305B2 could potentially anticipate such claims.

  3. US9403550B2

    • Full Citation: U.S. Patent No. 9,403,550 B2 to Zehfuss et al., titled "Removable seat attachment for a stroller," issued August 2, 2016.
    • Publication/Filing Date: Published: 2016-08-02; Filed: 2015-01-15 (application Ser. No. 14/597,420, from which US11505231 claims priority).
    • Brief Description: This patent focuses on a removable seat attachment for converting a single stroller into a double stroller, with an emphasis on positioning the second seat at a lower vertical level, substantially over the front wheels, to maintain the stroller's stability by keeping the center of gravity between the front and rear wheels.
    • Potential Anticipation under 35 U.S.C. § 102: Another direct ancestor of US11505231, this patent explicitly describes the core concept of independent claim 1, particularly the positioning of the front seat for stability. It would likely disclose features related to claims 1, 2, and potentially 13. For claims in US11505231 properly entitled to the common priority date of 2008-12-04, this document is not considered anticipatory prior art under 35 U.S.C. § 102. If any claims in US11505231 are determined not to be entitled to the 2008-12-04 priority date and their effective filing date is after August 2, 2016, then US9403550B2 could potentially anticipate such claims.

  4. US8955869B2

    • Full Citation: U.S. Patent No. 8,955,869 B2 to Zehfuss et al., titled "Removable seat attachment for a stroller," issued February 17, 2015.
    • Publication/Filing Date: Published: 2015-02-17; Filed: 2014-04-25 (application Ser. No. 14/261,558, from which US11505231 claims priority).
    • Brief Description: This patent provides details on a removable seat attachment for converting a single stroller into a multi-seat stroller, covering the support of various seat types and incorporating descriptions of folding and locking mechanisms for the attachment.
    • Potential Anticipation under 35 U.S.C. § 102: As a direct ancestor of US11505231, this patent likely discloses aspects related to supporting various seat types (claim 11) and mechanical elements like folding mechanisms (e.g., sliding connector 25 and strut 28 in US11505231) and locking mechanisms (e.g., locking mechanism 29 in US11505231), which are relevant to claims 1 and 2. For claims in US11505231 properly entitled to the common priority date of 2008-12-04, this document is not considered anticipatory prior art under 35 U.S.C. § 102. If any claims in US11505231 are determined not to be entitled to the 2008-12-04 priority date and their effective filing date is after February 17, 2015, then US8955869B2 could potentially anticipate such claims.

Prior Art Citations (Non-Family Members)

These patent applications are cited, but their publication dates are after the earliest priority date of US11505231 (2008-12-04). Therefore, they are generally not considered statutory prior art under 35 U.S.C. § 102 for claims in US11505231 that are entitled to the 2008-12-04 priority date. They would only be relevant as prior art if any claims in US11505231 are not entitled to that early priority date and rely on a later effective filing date that falls after their publication.

  1. US20160272210A1

    • Full Citation: U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0272210 A1 to Gylling et al., titled "Child transportation devices," published September 22, 2016.
    • Publication/Filing Date: Published: 2016-09-22; Filed: 2016-03-21.
    • Brief Description: This application concerns child transportation devices, including strollers and child carriers, and specifically describes adapter assemblies for attaching and detaching child carriers to stroller frames.
    • Potential Anticipation under 35 U.S.C. § 102: As the publication date is after US11505231's earliest priority date, it is generally not prior art. However, if any claims in US11505231—particularly those detailing the specific design of the "adapter receiving cavity" (claim 3), the "removable seat attachment adapter" (claim 7), or the ability to interchange different seats (claim 11)—are not entitled to the 2008-12-04 priority date and have an effective filing date after March 21, 2016, then this publication could potentially anticipate such claims given its focus on adapter assemblies for child carriers.

  2. US20150246604A1

    • Full Citation: U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0246604 A1 to Meyers et al., titled "Stroller with multi-position removable car seat adapter," published September 3, 2015.
    • Publication/Filing Date: Published: 2015-09-03; Filed: 2015-02-27.
    • Brief Description: This application discloses a stroller equipped with a removable car seat adapter that allows for multiple positioning options, such as forward-facing or rearward-facing orientations.
    • Potential Anticipation under 35 U.S.C. § 102: As the publication date is after US11505231's earliest priority date, it is generally not prior art. However, if any claims in US11505231, specifically those concerning the support of a car seat (claim 11) or the ability to position a seat in forward or backward facing orientations (claim 13), are not entitled to the 2008-12-04 priority date and have an effective filing date after February 27, 2015, then this publication could potentially anticipate such claims.

  3. US20160214619A1

    • Full Citation: U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0214619 A1 to Lai et al., titled "Stroller," published July 28, 2016.
    • Publication/Filing Date: Published: 2016-07-28; Filed: 2016-01-26.
    • Brief Description: This application describes a stroller system with a frame structure and a seat assembly, highlighting adjustable features and modular components to achieve various stroller configurations.
    • Potential Anticipation under 35 U.S.C. § 102: As the publication date is after US11505231's earliest priority date, it is generally not prior art. However, if any claims in US11505231, particularly general claims related to stroller frame components (claim 1c), adjustable seats, and modularity for different configurations, are not entitled to the 2008-12-04 priority date and have an effective filing date after January 26, 2016, then this publication could potentially anticipate such claims.

Generated 5/17/2026, 12:47:58 AM